Indlela yokujwayela ukudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo

Esinye sezikhala olwazini lwabanikazi bezimoto ngo-gearbox ozishintshayo yisici esifana nokuguquguquka. Ngisho nangaphandle kokwazi ngalo msebenzi, abashayeli ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwansuku zonke bazivumelanisa ne-othomathikhi, balungise imodi yayo yokusebenza ukuze ivumelane nesitayela sabo sokushayela.

Ngemuva kokuthi izilungiselelo zokuzijwayeza zenziwe esikhungweni sesevisi, ukudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo kuyaqhubeka nokuzivumelanisa nakho konke ukusebenza okuqhubekayo.

Kuyini ukuzivumelanisa nokudluliselwa kwe-othomathikhi futhi kungani kuyadingeka

Umqondo wokuzivumelanisa nezimo ngomqondo obanzi usho ukuvumelana kwento ekuguquleni izimo zangaphandle nezangaphakathi. Mayelana nezimoto, leli gama lisho ukulungiswa kokudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo kuye ngesitayela sokushayela somuntu ngamunye, izindlela ezihambisanayo zokusebenza kwenjini nohlelo lwamabhuleki, isikhathi sokusebenza kanye nezinga lokuguga kwezingxenye zemishini.

Ukudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo kubhekisela enguqulweni yakudala yebhokisi legiya le-hydromechanical, okuhlanganisa i-automatic planetary gearbox kanye ne-hydrodynamic torque transformer, kanye nama-robotic gearboxes. Ezinhlotsheni ezinjalo zezindlela zokushintsha isilinganiso segiya sokudlulisela ngaphandle kokungenelela komuntu, njengezahlukaniso, isihloko esicatshangelwayo asisebenzi.

Okwebhokisi likagiya le-hydromechanical, inqubo yokujwayela isuselwe ekulungiseni izilungiselelo zeyunithi yokulawula i-electronic transmission electronic (ECU). Idivayisi yokugcina iqukethe izinhlelo ezinengqondo ezithola ulwazi kuzinzwa noma amayunithi okulawula amanye amasistimu. Imingcele yokufaka ye-ECU ijubane le-crankshaft, i-output shaft ne-turbine, indawo ye-gas pedal kanye ne-Kick-Down switch, izinga likawoyela nezinga lokushisa, njll. Imiyalo ekhiqizwa ku-ECU idluliselwa kuma-actuator. ye-hydraulic control unit ka-gearbox.

Ukubuka kwengxenye yebhokisi legiya le-hydromechanical.

Amamodeli wangaphambilini wokudlulisela okuzenzakalelayo ayefakwe amadivayisi wokugcina unomphela ayengavumeli izinguquko ku-algorithm yokulawula. Amathuba okuzivumelanisa nezimo abonakala ngokuthuthukiswa kwamadivayisi okugcina ahlelekayo asetshenziswa cishe kuwo wonke ama-automatic transmissions esimanje.

Umhleli we-othomathikhi yokudlulisa i-ECU ulungiselelwe ukuthi acabangele imingcele eminingi yokusebenza ehlukene, okuyinhloko okuzokwenziwa ngayo ingabhekwa njengokulandelayo:

1. I-Acceleration Dynamics, evezwe ngobukhali bokucindezela i-pedal yegesi. Kuye ngakho, umshini oguquguqukayo ungashuna ekushintsheni kwegiya elibushelelezi, elinwetshwe kakhulu noma elisheshisiwe, okuhlanganisa nokugxuma ezitebhisini.
2. Isitayela sokushayela lapho uhlelo luphendula khona ngokuphindaphindiwe kwezinguquko endaweni ye-pedal yegesi. Ngesikhundla esizinzile se-accelerator ngesikhathi sokunyakaza, amagiya aphakeme ashintshwa ukuze wonge uphethiloli, ngemodi "egugile" yokuhamba esiminyaminyeni sezimoto, umshini ushintshela kumagiya aphansi ngokuncipha kwenani lokuguquguquka.
3. Isitayela sokubhuleka. Ngokubhuleka njalo nokucijile, i-automatic transmission ihlelelwe ukwehla ngesivinini, indlela yokubhuleka okubushelelezi ihambisana nokugudluzwa kwegiya.

Nakuba inqubo yokuguqula ukusebenza kokudluliselwa okuzenzakalelayo kwe-hydromechanical ngosizo lwe-ECU kwenzeka ngendlela eqhubekayo, kwezinye izimo kuyadingeka ukusetha kabusha izilungiselelo ezikhona futhi ulungise kabusha imingcele. Le nqubo inconywa lapho ushintsha umnikazi (umshayeli), uma kwenzeka ukusebenza okungalungile kweyunithi noma ngemva kokulungiswa, uma amafutha ashintshwa ngesikhathi sokuxazulula izinkinga.

Setha kabusha ukuzijwayeza kwangaphambilini ku-ECU.

Abashayeli abanolwazi baprakthiza ukulungisa kabusha lapho besuka ebusika baye emsebenzini wasehlobo futhi ngokuphambene nalokho, lapho bebuya ohambweni olude lokuya emjikelezweni wasemadolobheni, ngemva kokuhamba nomthwalo omkhulu wemoto ngesisindo.

Kuma-gearbox wamarobhothi, inhloso yokujwayela ukulungisa imodi yokusebenza kuye ngezinga lokuguga kwe-clutch disc. Le nqubo inconywa ukuba yenziwe ngezikhathi ezithile ngendlela ehleliwe, uma kwenzeka ukwehluleka ekusebenzeni kwayo, ngemva kokuqedwa kokulungiswa kokudluliselwa. Isitayela sokushayela somuntu ngamunye kulokhu siyimbangela yokuxilongwa nokuzivumelanisa nezimo.

Indlela yokwenza ukuzivumelanisa

Inqubo yokuzivumelanisa nezimo ihlanganisa ukusetha imingcele emisha yekhompyutha yokudlulisela ezenzakalelayo ehlelwa kabusha. Isimiso sokusebenza kwalawa madivaysi sisekelwe kumjikelezo ofanayo we-logic, kodwa imodeli ngayinye yemoto idinga indlela yomuntu ngamunye kanye ne-algorithm yezenzo.

Ama-ECU amaningi ayakwazi ukuhlelwa kabusha ngezindlela ezimbili zokuzivumelanisa nezimo:

1. Isikhathi eside, esidinga imoto egijima ukusuka ku-200 kuya ku-1000 km. Kuleli banga, i-ECU ibheka futhi ibambe ngekhanda izindlela ezijwayelekile zokusebenza zezinhlelo nezindlela. Kulesi simo, umshayeli akadingi izenzo ezengeziwe noma ezinenhloso (ngaphandle kokunyakaza ngesitayela sakhe esivamile), futhi izingxenye nezingxenye le ndlela imnene futhi iyanconywa.
2. Kusheshiswe, kwenziwa ebangeni elingamamitha angamakhulu amaningana futhi imizuzu embalwa. Kuyafaneleka ukusebenzisa imodi enjalo, ngokwesibonelo, ngesikhathi soshintsho olubukhali ukusuka kumodi yedolobha elibushelelezi ukuya kumodi yedolobha "edabukile" enezimilo zethrafikhi, ukusheshisa okusheshayo nokubhuleka okubukhali. Uma izinguquko ezinjalo zingavamile, kungcono ukushiya isilungiselelo sokujwayela ku-ECU.

Ukwenza i-adaptation ye-automatic transmission esikhungweni sesevisi.

Setha kabusha amanani amadala

Kwezinye izimo, ukuzivumelanisa nezimo kudinga ukusethwa kabusha kokuqala kwezilungiselelo ezikhona. Kwesinye isikhathi igama elithi “zeroing” lisetshenziswa kulo msebenzi, nakuba ukusetha kabusha kusho kuphela ukubuyela kumapharamitha wohlelo lwangempela lwale modeli yokudlulisa okuzenzakalelayo.

Ukusetha kabusha okuzenzakalelayo kokushintshwa kwe-automatic kwenziwa ngemuva kokuthi i-gearbox isilungisiwe noma uma ingasebenzi kahle, evezwa ngokushintsha kwamagiya kancane, ama-jerks noma ama-jerk. Ungaphinde ubuyele esimisweni sefekthri sokudlulisa okuzenzakalelayo lapho uthenga imoto esetshenzisiwe ukuze uzwe izimo ezijwayelekile nezindlela zokusebenza ezibekwe umenzi.

Ukusetha kabusha, kuyadingeka ukushisa uwoyela webhokisi kumazinga okushisa okusebenza, bese wenza ukulandelana kwemisebenzi elandelayo:

• cisha injini imizuzu embalwa;
• vula i-ignition, kodwa ungayiqali injini;
• ngokulandelana ngesikhawu samasekhondi angu-3-4, yenza ukushintsha kwebhokisi izikhathi ezingu-4-5 phakathi kwesikhethi esingu-N kanye no-D;
• cisha injini futhi.

Ukuze uvumelane nebhokisi le-robotic, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa imishini ekhethekile yokuxilonga ukucacisa isimo seyunithi ye-clutch, i-clutch kanye ne-gear control drives, amayunithi okulawula kanye nokuguqulwa kwesofthiwe yohlelo.

Isikhathi esingakanani ukulinda umphumela

Umphumela wokusetha kabusha izilungiselelo ungahlolwa ngemuva kwemizuzu engu-5-10, okungcono emgwaqweni oyisicaba futhi okhululekile, ngaphandle kokusheshisa okungazelelwe kanye nokubhuleka. Umphumela walesi sigaba sokuzijwayeza ukuthamba nokushelela kwemishini, ukungabi khona kokushaqeka nokubambezeleka lapho ushintsha amagiya.

Ukujwayela okusheshisiwe kokudluliswa kwe-othomathikhi

Ukuzijwayeza okusheshisiwe, okunye okubizwa ngokuthi ukuphoqelelwa, kungenziwa ngezindlela ezimbili, ngayinye esho ukuba khona kwe-algorithm ethembekile yezenzo kanye nendlela yobungcweti. Izinkundla nezingxoxo zabanikazi bemikhiqizo ehlukahlukene zibonisa ukuthi akuwona wonke umuntu okwaziyo ukuthola umthombo eyedwa futhi afinyelele umphumela oyifunayo ngawo.

Indlela yokuqala iwukukhanyisa i-ECU, okufanele ithembeke kochwepheshe besevisi abahlome ngamadivaysi adingekayo kanye nesofthiwe.

Indlela yesibili yokusheshisa ukuzivumelanisa nezimo iwukufunda kabusha i-ECU usohambeni, nayo edinga ulwazi lwangempela lobuchwepheshe lwebhokisi eliguquguqukayo. I-algorithm ihlanganisa imisebenzi elandelanayo kanye ne-cyclic (ngayodwa yomkhiqizo nemodeli) yokufudumala, ukumisa nokuqalisa injini, ukusheshisa isivinini esicacisiwe, imayela kanye nokubhuleka.

Izinkinga ngesikhathi senqubo

Ukuzijwayeza kokudluliswa kwe-othomathikhi kuye kwenzeka ngenxa yokuvela kwezinhlelo ze-elekthronikhi eziyinkimbinkimbi eziqhubeka nokuthuthukisa futhi zithuthuke. Ubunkimbinkimbi balezi zinhlelo, okuhloswe ngazo ukuthuthukisa ukunethezeka nokuphepha kokushayela, bugcwele izingozi ezingaba khona kanye nezinkinga ezingaba khona.

Izinkinga ezivela ngesikhathi sokusebenza kokudluliselwa okuzenzakalelayo noma ukuzivumelanisa kwayo ezimweni eziningi zihlotshaniswa nokusebenza kwekhompiyutha, ngokwehluleka kwamasekethe ohlelo lwayo noma izakhi zobuchwepheshe. Izizathu zalokhu kokugcina zingaba yiziyingi ezimfushane ngenxa yokwephulwa kwe-insulation noma ubuqotho bezindlu, ukushisa ngokweqile noma ukungena komswakama, amafutha, uthuli, kanye nokwenyuka kwamandla kunethiwekhi yemoto.