Ungayifudumeza kanjani injini ebandayo? Ukuqala okubandayo nokufudumeza injini.

Kufudumele futhi kumnandi ekhaya, kodwa kuyabanda ngaphandle, njengaseRussia. Njengathi, lapho kudingeka sigqoke futhi sizilungiselele ukubhekana nalobu busika obushubile ngaphandle, kudingeka sizilungiselele - injini nayo ifudumala kahle. Ukuqala okubandayo kwenjini kwenzeka ebusika emazingeni okushisa aphansi kakhulu kunasehlobo, ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukufudumala kahle nokushayela imoto phakathi nemizuzu embalwa yokuqala ngemva kokuqala. Ukungazweli kwenjini ebandayo kukhulisa kakhulu ukuguga kwenjini futhi kwandisa ingozi yokulimala okukhulu kwenjini nezingxenye zayo.

Inqubo yokufudumeza kahle injini ibaluleke kakhulu kubashayeli abapaka obaba babo emgwaqweni. Izimoto ezipakwe egalaji elifudumele noma ezifakwe nge-heater eziqukethe zifinyelela izinga lokushisa ngaphambi kwesikhathi futhi injini yazo kungenzeka ukuthi ingagugi ngokweqile noma ilimale ngokweqile.

Inkinga yokuqalisa okubandayo kanye nokufudumala okulandelayo kuyisihloko okuxoxwa ngaso phakathi kwabashayeli, kuyilapho, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kukhona abasekeli bethiyori yokuqala nokunyakaza, futhi ngakolunye uhlangothi, ithiyori yokuqalisa, linda a umzuzu noma emibili (hlanza amafasitela), bese uyahamba. Ngakho yikuphi okungcono?

A little ofory

Kuyaziwa ukuthi isipholile sishisa ngokushesha kakhulu kunowoyela wenjini. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma inaliti ye-thermometer epholile isivele ibonisa, isibonelo, i-60 ° C, izinga lokushisa lamafutha enjini lingaba cishe ku-30 ​​° C. Kuyaziwa futhi ukuthi amafutha abandayo asho amafutha aminyene. Futhi uwoyela owugqinsi uba mubi kakhulu/wehla kakhulu ezindaweni ezifanele, okusho ukuthi ezinye izingxenye zenjini ziba buthaka/zigcotshisiwe (amaphaseji e-lube ahlukahlukene, ama-camshaft, ukucaciswa kwamavalvu e-hydraulic, noma ama-turbocharger plain bearings). Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi injini ngayinye iqukethe kuphela uwoyela wenjini osezingeni eliphezulu futhi onconyiwe. Abakhiqizi bezimoto bavame ukucacisa ezinhlelweni zabo zesevisi izinga le-SAE lenjini ethile futhi kuye ngezimo zezulu okungenzeka ukuthi imoto isebenze. Ngakho, uwoyela owodwa uzotuswa eFinland kanti omunye eningizimu yeSpain. Njengesibonelo sokusetshenziswa kwamafutha e-SAE asetshenziswa kakhulu: SAE 15W-40 elungele ukusetshenziswa ukusuka ku-20°C kuya ku-+45°C, SAE 10W-40 (-25°C kuya +35°C) , SAE 5W -40 (-30°C kuya +30°C), SAE 5W 30 (-30°C kuya +25°C), SAE 0W-30 (-50°C kuya +30°C).

Lapho kuqala injini emazingeni okushisa ebusika, ukugqokwa okwandayo kuyabonakala uma kuqhathaniswa nesiqalo "esifudumele", ngoba i-piston (eyenziwe nge-alloyum alloy) njengamanje inesimo esimise okwepheya kancane kunesimo esiyindilinga. Isilinda uqobo lwaso, esenziwe ikakhulu nge-Fe alloy, sinokuma okuzinzile kakhulu ngokuya ngezinga lokushisa. Ngesikhathi sokuqala okubandayo endaweni encane, ukugqoka okungalingani okwesikhashana kwenzeka. Izithambisi ezikhula kangcono, kanye nokwenza ngcono ekwakhiweni kwamapiston / amasilinda uqobo, kusiza ukuqeda lesi simo esibi. ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezihlala isikhathi eside.

Endabeni yezinjini zikaphethiloli, kunesinye isici esingesihle esihlobene nokunotha kwenhlanganisela evuthayo, eqeda ifilimu likawoyela ezindongeni zesilinda ngezinga elikhulu, nangenxa yokuhlanjululwa kokugcwaliswa kukawoyela ngophethiloli, ezinye ejiya. ezindongeni eziningi zokudla okubandayo noma ngamasilinda. Kodwa-ke, ezinjinini zesimanje ezinezintambo ezithuthukisiwe, le nkinga incishisiwe, ngoba uphiko lokulawula lusabalalisa ngobunono inani likaphethiloli ngokusekelwe olwazini oluvela ezinzwa eziningi, okuthi uma kwenzeka izinjini zilula kube nzima noma. esimweni senjini elula ye-carburetor, lokhu bekungenakwenzeka. 

Umbono ongaka, kepha yini umkhuba?

Ngokuya ngemininingwane engenhla, kunconywa ukuthi uqale futhi ushiye indlela. Isizathu ukuthi ipompo likawoyela likhiqiza ingcindezi ephezulu lapho ushayela, kanti uwoyela obandayo, ojiyile futhi ogelezayo, empeleni, ngenxa yengcindezi ephezulu, ufinyelela kuzo zonke izindawo ezidingekayo ngokushesha. Ngejubane elingenzi lutho, futha kawoyela yakha ingcindezi ephansi kakhulu futhi uwoyela abandayo ugeleza kancane. Kwezinye izingxenye zikawoyela wenjini uzongena kwezinye izingxenye zenjini noma ngaphansi, futhi lokhu kubambezeleka kungasho ukugqoka okuningi. Indlela yokumisa iqala ikakhulukazi ezimeni lapho amakhilomitha aseduze azodlula ngokushelela ngangokunokwenzeka. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ungadaki noma ungaphansi lapho injini ibanda, bese ushayela uhlobo lwenjini ebangeni le-1700-2500 rpm. Indlela yokuqala nokuqala nayo inenzuzo yokuqhubeka nokufudumeza ezinye izinto ezicindezelweyo, njengokuhambisa noma umehluko. Uma ngokushesha nje ngemuva kokuqala, kuvela isithiyo esisezingeni eliphakeme emgwaqeni noma uma i-trailer esindayo ikhanyiswa ngemuva kwemoto, kungcono ukuqala injini, ucindezele kancane i-accelerator bese uvumela injini igijimele cishe amashumi ambalwa amasekhondi cishe ku-1500-2000 rpm futhi kuze kufike lapho iqala khona.

Abashayeli abaningi bahamba ngemoto okuthi, ngesikhathi sokushayela okujwayelekile, iqale ukushisa ize ifike cishe ku-10-15 km. Le nkinga ithinta kakhulu izimoto ezindala ezinezinjini ezijova udizili ezingenawo okuthiwa ukufudumeza okusizayo kagesi. Isizathu ukuthi lezi zimoto zonga kakhulu, zisebenza kahle kakhulu futhi, ngenxa yalokho, zikhiqiza ukushisa okuncane. Uma sifuna injini enjalo ifudumale ngokushesha, kufanele siyinike umthwalo odingekayo, okusho ukuthi injini enjalo ifudumala ngokushesha okukhulu ngenkathi ishayela, futhi ingasebenzi endaweni ethile yokupaka.

Izinga lokushisa lihluka kakhulu ohlotsheni lwenjini, ngokulandelana. ishisa luphi uhlobo lwamafutha. Naphezu kokuthuthukiswa okuningi nokuphathwa okushisayo kwezinjini zikadizili, njengomthetho ojwayelekile, izinjini zikaphethiloli zishisa kalula futhi ngokushesha. Naphezu kokusetshenziswa okuphezulu kancane, afaneleka kakhulu ukuthi asetshenziswe njalo edolobheni futhi uma kuneqhwa elinamandla kakhulu aqala kangcono. Izinjini zikadizili zithatha isikhathi eside ukuthi zifudumale futhi, ngokombono wokusebenza, azinazo nezinhlelo ezihlukahlukene eziklanyelwe ukubamba ukungcola kumagesi akhipha umoya. Kalula nje, umuntu angabhala ukuthi nakuba injini encane kaphethiloli izwela kakhulu futhi isafudumala ngemva kwebanga elingamakhilomitha angu-5 ukushayela ngokushelela, kodwa udizili udinga iminithi. 15-20 km. Khumbula ukuthi into embi kakhulu enjini kanye nezingxenye zayo (kanye nebhethri) ukuphindaphinda amakhaza aqala lapho injini ingenaso isikhathi sokufudumeza okungenani kancane. Ngakho-ke, uma usuvele ucime futhi uqale injini ebandayo / eqandisiwe izikhathi eziningi, kutuswa ukuyivumela ukuthi ishayele okungenani i-20 km.

Isifinyezo semithetho emi-5

• uma kungenzeka, qala injini bese uyishiya ivulekile imizuzwana embalwa
• idume injini kuphela uma kunesidingo
• cindezela isivinini esisheshayo ngokushelela, musa ukwehlisa isithunzi futhi ungayiphenduli injini ngokungadingekile.
• sebenzisa amafutha wekhwalithi ephezulu anconywe ngumenzi nge-viscosity efanelekile
• ngemuva kokucima kaninginingi nokuqala injini ebandayo / efriziwe, kungakuhle ukushayela okungenani ama-20 km.