Ungayikhokhisa kanjani kahle ibhethri lemoto yakho

Wonke umnikazi wemoto kufanele asazi isidingo sokushaja ibhethri ngezikhathi ezithile. Ukuqina nokusebenza ngokuzinzile kwebhethri kuyo yonke impilo yenkonzo yayo, kanye nokuphepha kwenethiwekhi yemoto ebhodini, kuya ngalokhu.

Unganquma kanjani ukuthi ibhethri likhishiwe noma cha?

Kulula ukucacisa ukukhishwa kwebhethri ngezizathu eziqondile nezingaqondile. Kepha imvamisa, izimpawu zokuqala amalambu amfushane nokuqala okuvilaphayo. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, kunezizathu ezilandelayo:

• ukungasebenzi ngokwanele kwe-alamu, ukuvula nokuvala imoto ngokubambezeleka, izikhungo zokukhiya ezimaphakathi zisebenza njalo;
• lapho injini icishiwe, nomsakazo ucishiwe;
• amalambu afiphele, amalambu angaphakathi, lapho injini isebenza, ukukhanya kokukhanya kuyashintsha;
• lapho injini iqala, i-starter iqale ibambe, bese iyeka ukujika, bese ijika ngejubane elijwayelekile;
• isivinini ezintantayo lapho injini yomlilo yangaphakathi ifudumala.

Ungayilungisa kanjani ibhethri ukuze ishaje

Ukulungiselela ukushaja ibhethri, sebenzisa i-algorithm elandelayo:

• khipha ibhethri endaweni yalo ngokuqale unqamule ukuphela okungakhi ngemuva kwe-terminal evumayo, noma kuya ngesixhumi isixhumi esisheshayo esifakwe kuso. Uma izinga lokushisa elincane lingaphansi kuka- + 10 ° C, khona-ke ibhethri kufanele liqale lifudumale;
• hlanza ama-terminals ngokususa imikhiqizo ye-sulfation, igrisi, bese usula ikesi lebhethri ngendwangu emanziswe ngesisombululo se-10% se-ammonia noma i-soda;
• uma ibhethri lisevisi, lapho-ke udinga ukuqaqa amapulagi asemabhange uwafake eceleni. Kunconywa ukuthi uhlole ubukhulu be-electrolyte nge-hydrometer. Uma ibhethri lingenakondli, susa ipulagi yokukhipha ukuze ukhulule mahhala imiphunga esebenza ngamandla;
• ngebhethri elisevisi, udinga ukufaka amanzi acolisisiwe uma amapuleti asebhange ebhaptizwa ngaphansi kwama-50 mm, ngokungeziwe, izinga kufanele lifane yonke indawo. 

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukugcina izinyathelo zokuphepha, ukuzijwayeza nayo ngaphambi kwenqubo yokushaja, ikakhulukazi uma ukwenzela ekhaya:

• ukukhokhiswa kwenziwa kuphela egumbini elingena umoya, okungcono kuvulandi, ngoba amakhemikhali ayingozi ayahwamuka ebhetri;
• ungabhemi noma wenze insimbi eduze kwamakani ovulekile lapho ushaja;
• susa bese ufaka amatheminali kuphela lapho ishaja icishiwe;
• ungashajisi ibhethri kumswakama ophezulu womoya;
• khipha futhi uphendukezele izivalo zamakani kuphela kumagilavu ​​okuzivikela nezibuko, ukuze uvikele ukungena kwe-asidi esikhunjeni sezandla namehlo;
• gcina isixazululo se-10% soda eduze kweshaja.

Ishaja noma i-generator - obiza malini kangcono?

Kufanele kuqondwe ukuthi nge-generator esebenzayo nezingxenye ezihlobene nayo, awudingi ukushaja ibhethri. Futhi yenzelwe ukuthi ikhokhiswe yi-generator (DC ukushaja).

Umsebenzi weshaja emile ukubuyisela kancane ibhethri, ngemuva kwalokho i-generator izolikhokhisa kuze kufike ku-100%. Ishaja yesimanjemanje inemisebenzi eminingi evimbela i-electrolyte ekubileni ebhetri, futhi iphazamise umsebenzi wayo lapho ifinyelela inani elingu-14.4 Volts.

I-alternator yemoto ishaja ibhethri ebangeni lama-Volts ayi-13.8 kuye kwayi-14.7, ngenkathi ibhethri uqobo lwalo lunquma ukuthi kudingeka malini manje ukunikezela zonke izinhlelo zamandla ngevolthi. Ngakho-ke, isimiso se-generator nenkumbulo emile yehlukile. Ngokufanelekile, kungcono kakhulu ukusebenzisa kakhulu ukushaja ibhethri okuvela eceleni.

Kuthatha ini njengamanje nokuthi kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukushaja ibhethri lemoto

Okwamanje kunqunywa izici ezinamandla webhethri, kubalwa ngawodwana. Kumalebula awo wonke amabhethri, umthamo wokuqokwa uyakhonjiswa, okukhombisa ukuthi ingakanani imali yokushaja ibhethri. Inani elilungile lepharamitha yokushaja lingaba ngu-10% womthamo webhethri. Uma ibhethri lineminyaka engaphezu kwengu-3 ubudala noma likhishwe kakhulu, khona-ke kufanele kufakwe u-0.5-1 Ampere kuleli nani. 

Uma imingcele yamanje yokuqala ilingana no-650 Ah, khona-ke udinga ukushaja ibhethri elinjalo kuma-amperes ayi-6, kepha ngombandela wokuthi lokhu kungukuvuselelwa kuphela. 

Uma udinga ukushaja ngokushesha ibhethri, ezimeni eziphuthumayo, ungakhetha inani lama-Amperes angama-20, ngenkathi ugcina ibhethri lingaphansi kokushaja amahora angaphezu kwama-5-6, ngaphandle kwalokho kunengozi yokuba i-asidi ibile.

Uyishaja kanjani ibhethri

Ngaphambi kokushaja ibhethri lakho ngeshaja, udinga ukwazi ukuthi amandla kagesi alinganiswa ngoVolts (V), nawamanje ku-Amperes (A). Ibhethri lingakhokhiswa nge-current ngqo, sizocubungula ngokuningiliziwe. 

Ukushaja njalo kwamanje

Indlela elula yokuhlinzeka ngokuqhubekayo ukuxhuma i-rheostat eguquguqukayo ochungechungeni ngebhethri eshajiwe, nokho ukulungiswa okwenziwa ngesandla kuyadingeka. Ungasebenzisa futhi isilawuli samanje esikhethekile, esixhunywe ngochungechunge phakathi kweshaja nebhethri. Amandla amanje okushaja ngawo amahora angu-10 angu-0,1 wenani eliphelele lebhethri, futhi ngamahora angu-20 ngu-0,05. 

Ukushaja kwamandla njalo

Ukushaja amandla kagesi njalo kulula kunokushaja okuqondile kwamanje. Ibhethri lixhunyiwe, libona ubumbano lapho ishaja linqanyuliwe kunethiwekhi, ngemuva kwalokho "ishaja" ivuliwe futhi inani ibhetri elishajwe ngalo lisethwe. Ngokobuchwepheshe, le ndlela yokushaja ilula, ngoba yanele ukuba neshaja enamandla okukhipha afinyelela kuma-15 Volts. 

Ungalinquma kanjani ibhethri

Kunezindlela eziningana zokukala isimo sebhethri, esikhombisa isimo sebhethri. Ake sicabangele ngokuningiliziwe.

Ukulinganisa i-voltage kumatheminali ngaphandle komthwalo

Kubhethri ene-asidi eyi-12-volt, kunemininingwane ekhombisa izinga lokukhishwa nezinye izici. Ngakho-ke, okulandelayo yithebula lezinga lokushaja kwebhethri eyi-12-volt ezingeni lokushisa elingu-25 ° C:

Amandla, V	12,65	12,35	12,10	11,95
Ukushisa okubandayo, ° С	-58	-40	-28	-15	-10
Izinga lokushaja,%	-58	-40	-28	-15	-10

Kulokhu, kuyadingeka ukukala i-voltage kumatheminali lapho ibhethri liphumule hhayi ngaphambi kwamahora angu-6 selokhu lagcina ukusebenza emshinini.

 Isilinganiso sokuminyana se-Electrolyte

Ibhethri ehola i-asidi igcwele i-electrolyte, enokuqina okuguqukayo. Uma une-hydrometer, unganquma ubukhulu ebhange ngalinye, futhi ngokuya ngemininingwane etafuleni elingezansi, nquma ukuthi liphetheni ibhethri lakho:

Ubuningi be-Electrolyte, g / cm³	1,27	1,23	1,19	1,16
Ukushisa okubandayo, ° С	-58	-40	-28	-15
Izinga lokushaja,%	100	75	50	25

Isilinganiso sokuminyana senziwa hhayi ngaphambi kwehora elilodwa kusukela ngomzuzu wokugcina wokusebenza kwebhethri, kuphela esimweni saso sokuphumula, njalo ngokunqanyulwa kwaso kusekethe kagesi yemoto.

Ngemfoloko yokulayisha

Indlela elula yokunquma isimo sokushaja ipulaki yokulayisha, kuyilapho ibhethri kungadingeki ukuba linqanyulwe ezinhlelweni zamandla futhi likhishwe emotweni.

I-plug plug iyithuluzi eline-voltmeter futhi umkhondo uxhunywe ngokufana. Ipulagi ixhunywe kumatheminali ebhethri futhi ukufundwa kuthathwa ngemuva kwemizuzwana emi-5-7. Usebenzisa ithebula elingezansi, uzothola ukuthi liphetheni ibhethri lakho, ngokuya ngemininingwane ye-plug plug:

I-Voltage ezikhungweni zebhethri, i-V	10,5	9,9	9,3	8,7
Izinga lokushaja,%	100	75	50	25	0

Ngamandla kagesi ngaphansi komthwalo wemishini kagesi yemoto

Uma ungekho umthwalo wepulaki, ibhethri ingalayishwa kalula ngokuvula amalambu esitofu. Ngasikhathi sinye, usebenzisa i-voltmeter noma i-multimeter, uzothola idatha enembile ezokhombisa ukusebenza kwebhethri ne-generator.

Uma imoto ifakwe i-voltmeter (izimoto ze-GAZ-3110, i-VAZ 2106,2107, i-ZAZ-1102 nezinye), lapho uqala injini, unganquma izinga lokushaja ngokubheka umcibisholo we-voltmeter. Kulokhu, ukusebenza kwesiqalisi akufanele kugudlise i-voltage engezansi kwe-9.5V. 

Isibonisi se-hydrometric esakhelwe ngaphakathi

Amabhethri amaningi anamuhla afakwe inkomba yegeji, okuyimbobo engaphambili enenkomba yombala. Ngokushaja okungama-60% noma ngaphezulu, umgodi wokukha phezulu uzobonakala ngokuluhlaza, okwanele ukuqala ngokuzethemba kwenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi. Uma inkomba ingenambala noma imhlophe, lokhu kusho ukuthi izinga le-electrolyte alanele, ukufaka phezulu kuyadingeka. 

Imithetho yokushaja ibhethri yemoto

Usebenzisa imithetho efanele yokushaja ibhethri, uzokwazi ukushaja ibhethri ngokuyikho nangendlela efanele, ngenkathi uqinisekisa ukuphepha kwakho kanye nalabo abakuzungezile, kanye nokunweba impilo yebhethri. Okulandelayo, sizophendula imibuzo ebuzwa njalo.

Kuvunyelwe yini ukushaja ibhethri lemoto emazingeni okushisa angewona amnandi

Iningi labanikazi bezimoto abasoli ukuthi ebusika izinga lokushaja ibhethri lingeqi ku-30%, okuthintwa ukushisa okungekuhle kwangaphandle okuthinta ukuphuma. Uma ibhethri ligodola emakhazeni, lokhu kugcwele ukwehluleka kwawo, ikakhulukazi uma amanzi eba yiqhwa kuwo. Emotweni ephuma ku-generator, ibhethri lizokhokhiswa ngempumelelo kuphela lapho izinga lokushisa ngaphansi kwe-hood lingaphezu kuka-0 ° C. Uma sikhuluma ngokusetshenziswa kweshaja emile, khona-ke ibhethri kufanele livunyelwe ukuthi lifudumale ekamelweni lokushisa elingu- + 25 ° amahora amaningi. 

Ukuze uvikele ukubanda kwebhethri, uma izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile ebusika lihluka ukusuka ku -25 ° kuye -40 °, bese usebenzisa ikhava evikela ukushisa.

Kungenzeka yini ukushaja ibhethri yemoto ngokushaja kusuka ocingweni

Ngeshwa, akunakwenzeka ukushaja ibhethri ngeshaja yefoni ephathekayo. Isizathu sokuqala salokhu yisici seshaja yocingo, esivame ukweqa ama-Volts ama-5 no-4 Ah. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, ngamathuba ayi-100%, ubeka engcupheni yokuvusa isekhethi esifushane emabhange amabhethri nokukhipha ama-plugs emishinini engu-220V. Yingakho kukhona amashaja akhethekile webhethri.

Kungenzeka yini ukushaja ibhethri yemoto ngamandla ka-laptop

Njengoba umkhuba ubonisa, ngosizo lwamandla we-laptop, ungashaja kabusha ibhethri lemoto. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kufanele ulandele ukulandelana kokuxhuma iyunithi yokuhambisa ugesi, isibani semoto nebhethri. Ngaphandle kokuthi abaningi baphumelele ukushaja amabhethri abo ngale ndlela, kusanconywa ukusebenzisa indlela yakudala. Noma iziphi ezinye izindlela ziyingozi ngoba ishaja nebhethri kungaziphatha ngokungafanele. Uma unentshisekelo kule ndlela, qiniseka ukuthi ubukela ividiyo engezansi.

Ukushaja ibhethri lemoto ngamandla we-laptop

Kungenzeka yini ukushaja ibhethri ngaphandle kokuyinqamula ohlelweni lukagesi lwemoto

Ngokwethiyori, le ndlela yokushaja okunjalo kungenzeka, kepha ngokuya ngemithetho ethile, uma kungenjalo ingaholela ekuhlulekeni kwayo yonke inethiwekhi yemoto ebhodini. Imithetho yokukhokhiswa okunjalo:

• xhuma ama-terminals eshaja bese ngemuva kwalokho uvule inethiwekhi ye-200V, futhi ekugcineni kokushaja, ama-terminals asuswa kuqala, bese ishaja icishiwe kunethiwekhi. Uma uxuba ukulandelana, khona-ke kugcwele i-overvoltage;
• Ukuxhumeka kwamatheminali kuqala nge-positive, ukunqanyulwa nge-negative;
• ngaphambi kokuxhuma ishaja, bonke abathengi bamandla bomshini kufanele bacishwe, noma kunjalo mabashiye okhiye kukhiye wokushisa;
• inqubo yokushaja kufanele yenziwe kuphela endaweni enomoya.

Ngingakwazi "ukukhanyisa" kwenye imoto?

Indlela ejwayelekile futhi esebenzayo yokushaja "ukukhanyisa" kusuka kwenye imoto, kodwa kuphela uma i-starter iphenduka ngokuvilapha. Ngokobuchwepheshe, le nqubo ilula, kepha ukungayinaki imithetho elula kungaholela ekwehlulekeni kophiko lokulawula izinjini, ama-BCM, njalonjalo. Ukulandelana:

• sixhuma izintambo kwibhethri lomnikeli, okokuqala ngezingwenya ezibopha ukuphela kwe “+” ngemuva kuka “-”;
• ukuphela kwesibili kwezintambo kuxhunywe kubhethri lomamukeli, ngokulandelana okufanayo, ukubuka ubumbano, ngaphandle kwalokho, njengokucabanga, wena nomnikeli nizolahlekelwa yibhethri;
• injini yomemukeli iqalisiwe, kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi ibanga lesivinini sokusebenza lisuka kuzinguquko eziyi-1500 kuye kwezingu-3500, ngemuva kwemizuzwana engama-20 unganqamula izintambo zesiguli bese uzama ukuqala injini yomlilo yangaphakathi. Imvamisa lesi sikhathi sanele.

Khumbula, akunakusetshenziswa ukuxhuma ebhetri lesiguli ngenkathi injini isebenza, ngaphandle kwalokho i-generator kanye nemishini ethile kagesi kungenzeka ihluleke. 

Ukushaja kuthinta kanjani impilo yebhethri

Impilo yesevisi emaphakathi yebhethri esezingeni eliphakeme noma elingaphansi isukela eminyakeni emi-3 kuye kwengu-5. Uma i-generator ihlala isebenza kahle, ibhande lokushayela lishintsha ngesikhathi, futhi ukungezwani kwalo kuzinzile, ngakho-ke asikho isidingo sokushaja ibhethri isikhathi eside, kodwa kuphela uma usebenzisa imoto okungenani ama-2 ngesonto. Ukushaja uqobo akuthinti ukuncipha kwempilo yebhethri uma kuqhathaniswa nohlu olulandelayo:

• ukukhokhisa ngokweqile noma ukukhokhisa ngokweqile. Kokubili kunomthelela omubi empilweni yesevisi eqhubekayo yebhethri, isibonelo, ngoba ukushaja ngokweqile kuholela ekubiliseni i-asidi nasekucekelweni phansi kwamathini;
• usawoti ofakwa kanye nokukhishwa okujulile, ngenxa yalokho ibhethri kuzodingeka liphinde livuselelwe, futhi lokhu ukwehla okukhulu empilweni yebhethri;
• ukushaja okusheshayo noma okucacile kunomthelela omubi kakhulu kubhethri, ngoba kulokhu kunemisinga emikhulu, ngakho-ke le ndlela ingasetshenziswa kuphela ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu. 

okutholakele

Ukushaja okufanele kwebhethri kubalulekile empilweni yebhethri nokusebenza konke. Njalo sebenzisa imithetho yokushaja, qapha isimo sobuchwepheshe se-generator nebhande lokushayela. Futhi, njengendlela yokuvimbela, shaja ibhethri njalo ezinyangeni eziyisithupha ngemisinga ephansi ye-1-2 Amperes. 

Imibuzo nezimpendulo:

Uyishaja kanjani kahle imoto yakho yebhethri? Kungcono ukusebenzisa ishaja kulokhu, hhayi i-auto generator. Ungalishajeli ibhethri emazingeni okushisa angaphansi kukaziro (izinga lokushisa elilungile lingama-+20 degrees).

Indlela yokushaja kahle ibhethri ngaphandle kokuyikhipha emotweni? Abanye abashayeli bezimoto basebenzisa le ndlela ngempumelelo, kuyilapho abanye bebhekana nobunzima obuthile. Kuyadingeka ukubheka ukuthi imoto inemishini engeke imelane nokukhokhiswa ngokweqile, okuvame ukuhambisana nokushajwa kwebhethri.

Ibhethri elingu-60 amp lidinga malini ukushaja? Konke kuncike ezingeni lokuphuma kwebhethri namandla eshaja. Ngokwesilinganiso, ibhethri lithatha cishe amahora angu-10-12 ukushaja. Ukushaja okugcwele kukhonjiswa ngefasitela eliluhlaza ebhethrini.