Indlela yokusebenzisa ukukhanya ngendlela efanele lapho udubula ibhayisikili lezintaba?

Uma wena, njengathi, ukushisekela ukuthwebula izithombe futhi uhlale ulwela ukuthola isithombe esihle kakhulu esimweni esithile futhi uthuthukise indlela yakho, nanka amanye amathiphu okukuqhubekisela phambili futhi ngethemba lokukusiza ukuthi uthwebule izithombe ezihamba phambili zokuhamba ngebhayisikili ezintabeni. ... uhambo oluzogcwalisa ngokushesha izincazelo zezifundo ku-UtagawaVTT !!!

Njengesethulo, ithiphu lokuqala: thatha njalo izithombe ezingadalulwanga kancane (ikakhulukazi uma uthwebula ngefomethi ye-jpeg). Kuzoba lula kakhulu ukuthinta kabusha isithombe esingadalulwanga kancane kunokuvezwa ngokweqile; uma isithombe siphenduka sibe mhlophe, imibala ayikwazi ukubuyiselwa!

I-Raw noma i-JPEG?

Ungase ungabi nakho ukukhetha! Ingabe ikhamera yakho ikuvumela ukuthi uthwebule ngefomethi ye-RAW noma ngefomethi ye-jpeg kuphela? Uma idivayisi yakho isekela eluhlaza, ngokuvamile isethwe ku-jpeg ngokuzenzakalelayo. Futhi isebenza kahle ngempela! Pho kungani ushintsha? Yiziphi izinzuzo kanye nokubi kwefomethi ngayinye?

Okokuqala, yini i-JPEG? Uma uthatha isithombe, inzwa irekhoda yonke idatha yesithombe sakho, bese iphrosesa engaphakathi kwedivayisi isiguqule (ukugqama, ukugcwala, umbala), iphinde ithinte isithombe ngokuzimela futhi isicindezele ukuze ilethe ifomethi yokugcina ye-jpeg. ifomethi. Ngokungafani nefomethi ye-RAW, ayizange icutshungulwe yikhamera.

Kulokhu, singasho cishe ukuthi izinzuzo ze-jpeg yisithombe esesivele sicutshunguliwe (esithuthukisiwe?!), esifundeka kunoma iyiphi ikhompyutha, sicindezelwe, ngakho-ke silula, silungele ukusetshenziswa! Ngakolunye uhlangothi, inemininingwane emincane kune eluhlaza futhi isekela cishe akukho okunye okuthintwayo okwengeziwe.

Ngokuphambene, ifayela eliluhlaza alicutshungulwa, ngakho-ke idatha yenzwa ayilahleki, kunemininingwane eminingi, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezikhanyayo nezimnyama, futhi ingahlelwa. Kodwa idinga isofthiwe ukuze icutshungulwe, ayikwazi ukufundwa noma iphrinte ngokuqondile yikhompyutha, futhi inzima kakhulu kune-jpeg. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imemori khadi esheshayo iyadingeka ukuze kuqhume ukudubula.

Manje yikuphi ukukhetha ukwenza ifilimu ohambweni lwakho lwebhayisikili lezintaba? Uma ufuna ukudubula izigcawu zesenzo njengokugxuma futhi udinga imodi yokuqhuma, i-jpeg iyanconywa ngememori khadi encane! Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma udubula ngaphansi kwezimo zokukhanya ezimaphakathi (ihlathi, isimo sezulu esibi, njll.), noma uma udinga ikhwalithi ephezulu kanye nekhono lokuthinta kabusha, yiqiniso ku-RAW!

ibhalansi emhlophe

Wake wathatha izithombe ezinombala omubi ngempela? Kuthiwani, ngokwesibonelo, nge-tint ephuzi ngokusobala endlini kusihlwa noma ukukhanya okuncane okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngaphandle ngosuku oluguqubele? Ibhalansi emhlophe ukulungiswa kwekhamera ukuze okumhlophe kwendawo yesehlakalo kuhlale kumhlophe esithombeni ngaphansi kwanoma yiziphi izimo zokudubula. Umthombo ngamunye wokukhanya unombala wawo: isibonelo, owolintshi wesibani se-incandescent, umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kakhulu uma ukhanyisa. Emgwaqweni, ngendlela efanayo, kuye ngokuthi isikhathi sosuku noma isimo sezulu, umbala wokukhanya uyashintsha. Iso lethu ngokuvamile livala elimhlophe ukuze libonakale limhlophe kithi, kodwa ikhamera ayihlali njalo! Ngakho ulungisa kanjani ibhalansi emhlophe? Kulula: kuye ngohlobo lomthombo wokukhanya okhanyisa isihloko sakho.

Amakhamera amaningi anezilungiselelo eziguqulelwe ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zokukhanya: okuzenzakalelayo, incandescent, fluorescent, libalele, liguqubele, njll. Gwema imodi ezenzakalelayo uma kungenzeka futhi uthathe isikhathi sokulungisa ibhalansi ukuze ivumelane nendawo okuyo manje. ... ! Uma uthwebula izithombe ngenkathi ugibele ibhayisikili lezintaba, bheka isimo sezulu: liguqubele noma libalele, ehlathini elisemthunzini, noma esiqongweni sentaba ekukhanyeni kwelanga? Lezi zindlela ezahlukene ngokuvamile zinikeza imiphumela egculisayo! Futhi kuzovimbela izithombe zakho ekubeni nezici ezihluke kakhulu ngokombala wokukhiphayo okufanayo, ezinye zazo eziphuzi kakhulu noma ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka!

Ukulungiswa kwebhalansi kusetshenziselwa ukwenza izithombe zisondele ngangokunokwenzeka eqinisweni elibonwa iso, kodwa ngokuphambene, ungakwazi futhi ukulungisa ibhalansi emhlophe ukuze unikeze isithombe umphumela okhethekile!

Imbobo nokujula kwensimu

Ukujula kwenkambu indawo yesithombe lapho izinto zigxile khona. Ukushintsha ukujula kwenkambu kukuvumela ukuthi ugqamise izinto ezithile noma imininingwane.

• Uma ngithwebula isihloko esiseduze esinengemuva elihle noma ukuma kwezwe, ngifuna kokubili isihloko nesizinda kugxilwe. Ukwenza lokhu, ngizokwandisa ukujula kwenkundla.
• Uma ngithatha isihloko esiseduze (njengesithombe) engifuna ukusigqamisa, nginciphisa ukujula kwenkambu. Isihloko sami sizogxila kungemuva elifiphele.

Ukuze udlale ngokujula kwenkambu ekuthwebuleni, kufanele usebenzise isilungiselelo esivame ukuhlinzekwa ngawo wonke amakhamera: indawo yokuvula.

Kuyini ukuvuleka?

Imbobo yelensi (Imbobo) iyipharamitha elawula ububanzi bokuvuleka kwe-diaphragm. Ibonakala ngenani elithi “f/N” elivame ukushiwo. Le nombolo engenasici ichazwa njengesilinganiso sobude bokugxila f belensi ukuya kububanzi d bembobo eshiywe ivuliwe ː N = f / d

Ebudeni obungaguquki bokugxila, ukwanda kwenani lezikhala ze-N kuwumphumela wokuvala i-diaphragm. Kusetshenziswa amagama amaningana ukukhombisa izindleko zokuvula. Isibonelo, ukukhombisa ukuthi ilensi isetshenziswa ngembobo engu-2,8, sithola amagama alandelayo: N = 2,8, noma f / 2,8, noma F2.8, noma 1: 2.8, noma 2.8 nje.

Amanani okungena amisiwe: n = 1,4 – 2 – 2,8 – 4 – 5,6 – 8 – 11 – 16 – 22… njll.

Lawa manani asethwa ukuze ukukhanya okuphindwe kabili kungene kwilensi njengoba usuka enani elilodwa uye kwelinye ngendlela eyehlayo.

Ubude bendawo / indawo yokuvula (f / n) ichaza umqondo obaluleke kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ezithombeni nasekuthwebuleni izithombe ezinkulu: ukujula kwendawo.

Umthetho olula:

• Ukwandisa ukujula kwenkambu, ngikhetha indawo encane yokuvula (sivame ukuthi "Ngiseduze nobukhulu" ...).
• Ukuze unciphise ukujula kwenkambu (fiphalisa ingemuva), ngikhetha indawo enkulu yokuvula.

Kodwa qaphela, ukuvulwa kwembobo kuvezwa njengesilinganiso "1 / n". Nokho, amakhamera awabonisi “1/n” kodwa “n”. Izazi zezibalo ezisafufusa zizokuqonda lokhu: ukukhombisa imbobo enkulu, kufanele ngibonise u-n omncane, futhi ukukhombisa indawo encane, kufanele ngibonise i-n enkulu.

Ekugcineni:

Ukujula kwenkundla okungashoni ngenxa yembobo enkulu ngakho kuncane n (4)

Ukuvulwa okukhulu kwenkundla ngenxa yokuvuleka okuncane ngakho-ke i-n enkulu (8)

Ungakhohlwa ukukhanya!

Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, indawo yokuvula ithinta inani lokukhanya elingena kulensi. Ngakho-ke, indawo yokungena nokuchayeka kuhlobene uma sifuna isihloko sivezwe kahle ngaphambili kanye nengemuva ekugxilwe kulo (okunembobo ephansi efana no-f / 16 noma f / 22), kuyilapho ukukhanya kungakuvumeli ngempela. kuyodingeka ukunxephezela ukuntuleka kokukhanya ngokwandisa isivinini se-shutter noma ukuzwela kwe-ISO, kodwa lokho kuyoba isihloko sesihloko esizayo!