Ungawaqonda kanjani amasistimu wokucindezelwa namandla ezinjinini ezincane

Nakuba izinjini ziye zashintsha ngokuhamba kweminyaka, zonke izinjini zikaphethiloli zisebenza ngezimiso ezifanayo. Imivimbo emine eyenzeka enjinini iyivumela ukuthi idale amandla netorque, futhi lawo mandla yiwo ashayela imoto yakho.

Ukuqonda imigomo eyisisekelo yokuthi injini enamasondo amane isebenza kanjani kuzokusiza ukuthi uhlole izinkinga zenjini futhi kukwenze ube umthengi onolwazi oluningi.

Ingxenye 1 kwezingu-5: Ukuqonda Injini Enemivimbo Emine

Kusukela ezinjinini zokuqala zikaphethiloli kuya ezinjinini zesimanje ezakhiwe namuhla, izimiso zenjini enamasondo amane azishintshile. Ukusebenza kwenjini okuningi kwangaphandle kushintshile ngokuhamba kweminyaka njengoba kwengezwe umjovo kaphethiloli, isilawuli sekhompyutha, ama-turbocharger nama-supercharger. Eziningi zalezi zingxenye ziye zashintshwa futhi zashintshwa phakathi neminyaka ukuze zenze izinjini zisebenze kahle futhi zibe namandla. Lezi zinguquko ziye zavumela abakhiqizi ukuthi bahambisane nezifiso zabathengi, kuyilapho befinyelela imiphumela enobungani bemvelo.

Injini kaphethiloli inemivimbo emine:

• Ukushaywa unhlangothi
• ukucindezela ukushaywa
• ukunyakaza kwamandla
• Umjikelezo wokukhishwa

Ngokuya ngohlobo lwenjini, lokhu kungqongqoza kungenzeka izikhathi ezimbalwa ngomzuzwana ngenkathi injini isebenza.

Ingxenye 2 kwezi-5: I-Intake Stroke

I-stroke yokuqala eyenzeka enjinini ibizwa ngokuthi i-intake stroke. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho i-piston ihamba phansi kusilinda. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, i-valve yokungena iyavuleka, ivumele ingxube yomoya nophethiloli ukuthi idonselwe kusilinda. Umoya udonselwa enjinini usuka kusihlungi somoya, ngomzimba oyimpintsha, wehle nge-manifold owuthathayo, uze ufinyelele kusilinda.

Kuye ngenjini, uphethiloli wengezwa kule ngxube yomoya ngesikhathi esithile. Enjinini ye-carbureted, uphethiloli uyengezwa njengoba umoya udlula ku-carburetor. Enjinini ejovwe ngophethiloli, uphethiloli wengezwa endaweni yomjovo, ongaba noma yikuphi phakathi kwe-throttle body nesilinda.

Njengoba i-piston idonsela phansi ku-crankshaft, idala ukumunca okuvumela ingxube yomoya kanye nophethiloli ukuthi idonswe. Inani lomoya kanye nophethiloli okumuncelwe enjinini kuncike ekuklanyweni kwenjini.

• Ukunakwa: Izinjini ezine-Turbocharged nezine-supercharged zisebenza ngendlela efanayo, kodwa zivame ukukhiqiza amandla amaningi njengoba ingxube yomoya nophethiloli iphoqwa enjinini.

Ingxenye 3 kwezi-5: Ukucindezela kohlangothi

I-stroke yesibili yenjini yi-compression stroke. Uma ingxube yomoya/yamafutha isingaphakathi kusilinda, kufanele icindezelwe ukuze injini ikhiqize amandla engeziwe.

• Ukunakwa: Ngesikhathi sokucindezela, ama-valve enjini ayavalwa ukuze kuvinjelwe ingxube yomoya/yamafutha ukuthi ingaphumi.

Ngemuva kokuthi i-crankshaft yehlise ipiston phansi kwesilinda ngesikhathi sokushaywa, manje isiqala ukubuyela phezulu. I-piston iyaqhubeka nokuhamba iye phezulu kusilinda lapho ifika endaweni eyaziwa nge-top dead center (TDC), okuyiphuzu eliphakeme kakhulu elingafinyelela kuyo enjinini. Lapho isikhungo esiphezulu esifile sifinyelelwa, ingxube yamafutha omoya icindezelwa ngokugcwele.

Le ngxube ecindezelwe ngokugcwele ihlala endaweni eyaziwa ngokuthi i-combustion chamber. Yilapho ingxube yomoya/yephethiloli ithungela khona ukuze kudaleke ukushaywa okulandelayo emjikelezweni.

I-compression stroke ingenye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ekwakheni injini lapho uzama ukukhiqiza amandla engeziwe kanye ne-torque. Uma ubala ukucindezelwa kwenjini, sebenzisa umehluko phakathi kwenani lesikhala kusilinda lapho ipiston ingezansi kanye nenani lesikhala egunjini elivuthayo lapho ipiston ifika endaweni ephezulu efile. Uma sikhulu isilinganiso sokuminyanisa sale ngxube, aba namandla amakhulu akhiqizwa injini.

Ingxenye 4 kwezi-5: Ukunyakaza kwamandla

I-stroke yesithathu yenjini yi-stroke esebenzayo. Lesi yisifo sohlangothi esidala amandla enjini.

Ngemuva kokuthi i-piston ifinyelele phezulu endaweni efile ekucindezelweni kokucindezela, ingxube yamafutha omoya iphoqeleka ekamelweni lokushisa. Ingxube kaphethiloli womoya ibe isibaswa nge-spark plug. Inhlansi evela ku-spark plug ithungela uphethiloli, ibangele ukuqhuma okunodlame, okulawulwayo egumbini elivuthayo. Lapho lokhu kuqhuma kwenzeka, amandla akhiqizwe acindezela i-piston futhi anyakazise i-crankshaft, okuvumela amasilinda enjini ukuthi aqhubeke nokusebenza kuyo yonke imivimbo emine.

Khumbula ukuthi uma lokhu kuqhuma noma ukushaywa kwamandla kwenzeka, kufanele kwenzeke ngesikhathi esithile. Ingxube yamafutha omoya kufanele ithungele endaweni ethile kuye ngokuthi injini iklanywe kanjani. Kwezinye izinjini, ingxube kufanele ithungele eduze nendawo ephezulu efile (TDC), kanti kwezinye ingxube kufanele ithungele amadigri ambalwa ngemva kwaleli phuzu.

• Ukunakwa: Uma inhlansi ingenzeki ngesikhathi esifanele, umsindo wenjini noma umonakalo omkhulu ungase ube khona, okuholela ekuhlulekeni kwenjini.

Ingxenye 5 kwezi-5: Khipha i-stroke

I-stroke yokukhulula i-stroke yesine neyokugcina. Ngemva kokuphothulwa kwe-stroke yokusebenza, isilinda sigcwaliswa ngamagesi okukhipha umoya asele ngemva kokushiswa kwengxube yamafutha omoya. Lawa magesi kufanele akhishwe enjinini ngaphambi kokuqala kabusha umjikelezo wonke.

Phakathi nalesi sifo, i-crankshaft iphusha i-piston emuva kusilinda i-valve yokukhipha umoya ivuliwe. Njengoba i-piston ikhuphuka, iphusha amagesi ngaphandle nge-valve yokukhipha umoya, eholela ohlelweni lwe-exhaust. Lokhu kuzokhipha amagesi amaningi e-exhaust enjinini futhi kuvumele injini ukuthi iqale futhi lapho idonsa.

Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi i-stroke ngayinye isebenza kanjani enjini enezingqimba ezine. Ukwazi lezi zinyathelo eziyisisekelo kungakusiza uqonde ukuthi injini iwenza kanjani amandla, kanye nokuthi ingashintshwa kanjani ukuze ibe namandla kakhulu.

Kubalulekile futhi ukwazi lezi zinyathelo lapho uzama ukuhlonza inkinga yenjini yangaphakathi. Khumbula ukuthi ukushaya ngakunye kwenza umsebenzi othile okufanele uhambisane nemoto. Uma enye ingxenye yenjini ihluleka, injini ngeke isebenze ngendlela efanele, uma kwenzeka.