Indlela Yokusebenzisa I-Multimeter (Isiqondiso Esiyisisekelo Sabaqalayo)

Ingabe iketango liphukile? Ingabe iswishi yakho iyasebenza? Mhlawumbe ufuna ukwazi ukuthi mangakanani amandla asele kumabhethri akho.

Noma iyiphi indlela, i-multimeter izokusiza ukuthi uphendule le mibuzo! Ama-multimeter edijithali asephenduke amathuluzi abalulekile okuhlola ukuphepha, ikhwalithi, namaphutha ezinto zikagesi.

Ama-Multimeters awusizo kakhulu ekuhloleni izingxenye ezihlukahlukene zikagesi. Kulo mhlahlandlela owusizo, ngizohamba nawe kulokho okudingeka ukwazi mayelana nokusebenzisa i-multimeter enezici zayo eziyisisekelo.

Iyini i-multimeter?

I-multimeter iyithuluzi elikwazi ukukala inani elibanzi lamanani kagesi. Ungayisebenzisa ukuze uthole ukuthi kwenzakalani ngamasekhethi akho. Lokhu kuzokusiza ekulungiseni noma iyiphi ingxenye yesekethe yakho engasebenzi kahle.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusebenzisana okuvelele kwe-multimeter kuvela ekhonweni layo lokukala i-voltage, ukumelana, okwamanje, nokuqhubeka. Ngokuvamile zisetshenziselwa ukuhlola:        

• Amasokhethi odongeni
• ama-adaptha
• I-Technique
• Electronics ukusetshenziswa ekhaya
• Ugesi ezimotweni

Izingxenye ezisele ze-multimeter 

I-multimeter yedijithali inezingxenye ezine eziyinhloko:

Gada

Leli iphaneli elibonisa izilinganiso zikagesi. Inombukiso wamadijithi amane onekhono lokubonisa uphawu olunegethivu.

Inkinobho yokukhetha 

Lokhu ukudayela okuyindilinga lapho ungakhetha khona uhlobo lweyunithi kagesi ofuna ukuyikala. Ungakhetha ama-volts e-AC, ama-DC-volts (DC-), ama-amps (A), ama-milliamp (mA), nama-resistance (ohms). Kwiknobho yokukhetha, uphawu lwe-diode (unxantathu onomugqa kwesokudla) kanye nophawu lwamagagasi omsindo kubonisa ukuqhubeka.

Ukuphenya

Lezi yizintambo ezibomvu nezimnyama ezisetshenziselwa ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba kwezingxenye zikagesi. Kunethiphu yensimbi ecijile ngakolunye uhlangothi kanye nepulaki likabhanana ngakolunye. Ithiphu yensimbi ihlola ingxenye ngaphansi kokuhlolwa, futhi ipulaki kabhanana ixhunywe kwesinye sezimbobo ze-multimeter. Ungasebenzisa ucingo olumnyama ukuhlola umhlabathi nokungathathi hlangothi, futhi ucingo olubomvu ngokuvamile lusetshenziselwa amatheminali ashisayo. (1)

Amaports 

Ama-multimeter ngokuvamile ahlanganisa izimbobo ezintathu:

• I-COM (-) - ibonisa okujwayelekile nalapho uphenyo olumnyama luvame ukuxhunywa khona. Umhlabathi wesekethe uvame ukuxhunywa kuwo.
• i-mAΩ - indawo lapho i-probe ebomvu ivame ukuxhunywa khona ekulawuleni i-voltage, ukumelana namanje (kufika ku-200 mA).
• I-10A - isetshenziselwa ukukala ama-currents angaphezu kuka-200 mA.

Isilinganiso samandla kagesi

Ungenza izilinganiso ze-DC noma ze-AC nge-multimeter yedijithali. I-DC voltage ingu-V enomugqa oqondile ku-multimeter yakho. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-AC voltage ingu-V enomugqa we-wavy. (2)

Amandla ebhethri

Ukukala i-voltage yebhethri, njengebhethri ye-AA:

1. Xhuma intambo emnyama ku-COM kanye nomthofu obomvu ku-mAVΩ.
2. Kububanzi be-DC (yamanje eqondile), setha i-multimeter ku-"2V". I-Direct current isetshenziswa cishe kuwo wonke amadivaysi aphathwayo.
3. Xhuma isivivinyo esimnyama esiholela ku-"-" "emhlabathini" webhethri, futhi ukuhlola okubomvu kuholela ku-"+" noma amandla.
4. Cindezela kancane ama-probe ngokumelene namatheminali anegethivu nenegethivu ebhethri le-AA.
5. Kufanele ubone cishe i-1.5V kumonitha uma unebhethri elisha sha.

I-voltage yesiyingi 

Manje ake sibheke umjikelezo oyisisekelo wokulawula i-voltage esimweni sangempela. Isekhethi iqukethe i-resistor engu-1k kanye ne-LED ekhanyayo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ukukala i-voltage kusekethe:

1. Qiniseka ukuthi isekethe osebenza kuyo ivuliwe.
2. Kububanzi be-DC, vula i-knob ku-"20V". Ama-multimeters amaningi awanawo ama-autorange. Ngakho-ke, kufanele uqale usethe i-multimeter ebangeni lokulinganisa engakwazi ukuliphatha. Uma uhlola ibhethri elingu-12V noma isistimu ye-5V, khetha inketho engu-20V. 
3. Ngomzamo othile, cindezela ama-multimeter probe ezindaweni ezimbili ezivulekile zensimbi. Uphenyo olulodwa kufanele luxhumane noxhumo lwe-GND. Ngemuva kwalokho enye inzwa kufanele ixhunywe ku-VCC noma ku-5V amandla kagesi.
4. Kufanele ubuke yonke i-voltage yesekhethi uma ukala ukusuka lapho i-voltage ingena khona kusiphikisa uye lapho umhlabathi uku-LED. Ngemva kwalokho, ungakwazi ukunquma voltage esetshenziswa LED. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-LED voltage drop. 

Futhi, ngeke kube yinkinga uma ukhetha ukusetha i-voltage ephansi kakhulu ku-voltage ozama ukuyikala. Ikhawunta izovele ibonise u-1, okubonisa ukugcwala noma ukuphuma ebangeni. Futhi, ukuphequlula ama-probe ngeke kukulimaze noma kubangele ukufundwa okungalungile.

Isilinganiso samanje

Kufanele uphazamise i-current futhi uxhume imitha kulayini ukuze ulinganise umthamo.

Lapha uma usebenzisa isekethe efanayo esiyisebenzise esigabeni sokulinganisa i-voltage.

Into yokuqala ozoyidinga umucu oyisipele wocingo. Ngemuva kwalokho kufanele:

1. Nqamula intambo ye-VCC ku-resistor bese wengeza intambo.
2. I-probe esuka ekuphumeni kwamandla kokuphakelwa kwamandla ukuya kusiphikisa. "Iphula" ngempumelelo isifunda samandla.
3. Thatha i-multimeter bese uyinamathisela emgqeni ukuze ulinganise okwamanje ogeleza ku-multimeter ungene ebhodini lokubuka.
4. Sebenzisa iziqeshana zengwenya ukuze unamathisele umkhondo we-multimeter ohlelweni.
5. Setha ukudayela endaweni efanele futhi ulinganise uxhumano lwamanje nge-multimeter.
6. Qala nge-multimeter engu-200mA bese uyandisa kancane kancane. Ama-breadboard amaningi adonsa ngaphansi kwama-milliamp angu-200 wamanje.

Futhi, qiniseka ukuthi uxhuma intambo ebomvu embobeni ehlanganisiwe engu-200mA. Ukuze uqaphele, shintsha i-probe ohlangothini lwe-10A uma ulindele ukuthi isekethe yakho isebenzise eduze noma ngaphezulu kuka-200mA. Ngokungeziwe kunkomba yokulayisha ngokweqile, i-overcurrent ingabangela ukuthi i-fuse iqhume.

Isilinganiso sokumelana

Okokuqala, qiniseka ukuthi akukho okwamanje okugeleza kusekethe noma ingxenye oyihlolayo. Yivale, uyikhiphe odongeni bese ukhipha amabhethri, uma ekhona. Khona-ke kufanele:

1. Xhuma intambo emnyama embobeni ye-COM ye-multimeter kanye nomthofu obomvu embobeni ye-mAVΩ.
2. Vula i-multimeter bese uyishintshela kumodi yokumelana.
3. Setha ukudayela endaweni efanele. Ngenxa yokuthi ama-multimeters amaningi awanayo i-autorange, kuzodingeka ulungise mathupha ububanzi bokumelana ozobe ukukala.
4. Beka i-probe ekugcineni kwengxenye noma isekethe oyihlolayo.

Njengoba ngishilo, uma i-multimeter ingabonisi inani langempela lengxenye, izofunda u-0 noma u-1. Uma ifundeka ngokuthi 0 noma isondele ku-zero, ububanzi be-multimeter yakho bubanzi kakhulu ukuze bukwazi ukulinganiswa okunembile. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-multimeter izobonisa eyodwa noma i-OL uma ububanzi buphansi kakhulu, okubonisa ukugcwala noma ukweqisa.

Ukuhlolwa kokuqhubeka

Ukuhlolwa kokuqhubeka kunquma ukuthi ingabe izinto ezimbili zixhumeke ngogesi; uma zikhona, amandla kagesi angageleza ngokukhululekile ukusuka komunye umkhawulo kuya komunye.

Kodwa-ke, uma kungaqhubeki, kukhona ukuphumula ku-chain. Kungaba i-fuse eshaywayo, i-solder engalungile, noma isifunda esixhumeke kabi. Ukuze uyihlole, kufanele:

1. Xhuma intambo ebomvu embobeni ye-mAVΩ kanye nomthofu omnyama embobeni ye-COM.
2. Vula i-multimeter bese uyishintshela kumodi eqhubekayo (ekhonjiswa isithonjana esibukeka njengegagasi lomsindo). Akuwona wonke ama-multimeters anemodi eqhubekayo; uma ungenjalo, ungayishintshela kusilungiselelo sokudayela esiphansi kakhulu semodi yayo yokumelana.
3. Beka i-probe eyodwa kusekethe ngayinye noma ekugcineni kwengxenye ofuna ukuyihlola.

Uma isifunda sakho siqhubekayo, i-multimeter iyakhala futhi isikrini sibonisa inani likaziro (noma eduze noziro). Ukumelana okuphansi kungenye indlela yokunquma ukuqhubeka kwimodi yokumelana.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma isikrini sibonisa eyodwa noma i-OL, akukho ukuqhubeka, ngakho-ke asikho isiteshi sokuthi ugesi ugeleze usuka kwenye inzwa uye kwenye.

Bheka uhlu olungezansi ukuze uthole iziqondiso ezengeziwe zokuqeqeshwa kwamamitha amaningi;

• Ungayisebenzisa kanjani i-multimeter ukuhlola i-voltage yezintambo ezibukhoma
• Ungalihlola kanjani ibhethri nge-multimeter
• Indlela yokuhlola inzwa ye-crankshaft enezintambo ezintathu nge-multimeter

Izincomo

(1) insimbi - https://www.britannica.com/science/metal-chemistry

(2) umugqa oqondile - https://www.mathsisfun.com/equation_of_line.html