Ungakhetha kanjani uwoyela wenjini ngomkhiqizo wemoto?
Amathiphu abashayeli

Ungakhetha kanjani uwoyela wenjini ngomkhiqizo wemoto?

16.02.2023 /

      Ukukhetha kahle uwoyela wenjini kunquma ukuthi injini yemoto yakho izothatha isikhathi esingakanani futhi ingabi nazinkathazo. Uhlu lwamafutha atholakala ngokudayiswa lukhulu kakhulu futhi lungadida umshayeli ongenalwazi. Yebo, futhi abashayeli abanolwazi ngezinye izikhathi benza amaphutha lapho bezama ukucosha okuthile okungcono.

      Akufanele uzinikele ekukhangiseni okuphazamisayo okunikeza isixazululo sazo zonke izinkinga ngesikhathi esisodwa. Udinga ukukhetha uwoyela oyilungele kangcono injini yakho, ucabangela izimo zokusebenza.

      Uyini umsebenzi wamafutha enjini?

      Amafutha enjini awenzi nowodwa, kodwa imisebenzi eminingana ebalulekile:

      • ukupholisa izingxenye zenjini eshisayo nezingxenye zayo ezihambayo;
      • ukungqubuzana okuncishisiwe: uwoyela wenjini uthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwenjini futhi unciphise ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli;
      • ukuvikelwa kwezingxenye zemishini ekugugeni nasekugqwaleni: okuqinisekisa impilo ende yesevisi nokusebenza kahle kwenjini;
      • ukugcina injini ihlanzekile ngokukhipha ukungcola ngesihlungi sikawoyela nalapho ushintsha uwoyela.

      Yiziphi izinhlobo zamafutha emoto akhona?

      Ngokusho kokwakheka kwamakhemikhali, uwoyela wemoto uhlukaniswe izinhlobo ezintathu - zokwenziwa kanye ne-semi-synthetic, amaminerali.

      Zokwenziwa. Kutholwe nge-organic synthesis. Izinto ezisetshenziswayo zivame ukucutshungulwa futhi zicoliswe kahle ngemikhiqizo kaphethiloli. Ingasetshenziselwa zonke izinhlobo zezinjini. Inokumelana okuphezulu ne-oxidation futhi, njengoba yenziwa, ishiya cishe amadiphozithi ezingxenyeni zeyunithi. Amafutha okwenziwa agcina i-viscosity ezinzile phezu kwebanga elibanzi lokushisa futhi idlula kakhulu amafutha amaminerali emisebenzini esindayo. Amandla okungena amahle anciphisa ukuguga kwenjini futhi enze kube lula ukuqala okubandayo.

      Ububi obukhulu bamafutha okwenziwa yintengo ephezulu. Kodwa-ke, isidingo sokusebenzisa i-lubricant enjalo asivamile ukuvela. Ama-synthetics kufanele asetshenziswe kwisithwathwa esibi kakhulu (esingaphansi kuka-30°C), ezimeni eziqhubekayo zokusebenza kwenjini, noma lapho uwoyela we-viscosity ophansi utuswa umkhiqizi weyunithi. Kwezinye izimo, kungenzeka ukuthi ukwazi ukudlula nge-lubricant ngesisekelo esishibhile.

      Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ukusuka emanzini amaminerali kuya kuma-synthetics ezinjini ezindala kungabangela ukuvuza kwezimpawu. Isizathu silele emifantwini yama-gaskets enjoloba, okuthi, lapho kusetshenziswa uwoyela wamaminerali, avaleleke ngamadiphozithi. Futhi ama-synthetics ngesikhathi sokusebenza ageza kakhulu ukungcola, avule indlela yokuvuza kwamafutha kanye nokuvala imigudu kawoyela ngasikhathi sinye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ifilimu yamafutha eyenziwe ngama-synthetics incane kakhulu futhi ayinxephezeli izikhala ezikhulayo. Ngenxa yalokho, ukuguga kwenjini endala kungasheshisa nakakhulu. Ngakho-ke, uma usuvele uneyunithi egugile ene-mileage engamakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane eziyi-150 noma ngaphezulu, kungcono ukwenqaba ama-synthetics.

      I-semi-synthetics. Ifanele i-carburetor kanye nezinjini zokujova, uphethiloli nodizili. Ikhiqizwa ngokuxuba izisekelo zamaminerali nezokwenziwa. Kulokhu, ingxenye yamaminerali ngokuvamile icishe ibe ngu-70%. Izithasiselo zekhwalithi ephezulu zengezwa ekubunjweni.

      Iphakeme ngezindleko "kumanzi amaminerali", kodwa ishibhile kunama-synthetics ahlanzekile. Amafutha e-semi-synthetic amelana kakhulu ne-oxidation nokuhlukaniswa kunamafutha amaminerali. Inamandla okungena aphezulu futhi isiza ukwehlisa ukuguga kwenjini. Ihlanza kahle izingxenye zokungcola namadiphozithi, ihlinzeka ngokuvikeleka ekugqwaleni.

      Ukungalungi - ayikubekezeleli isithwathwa esinamandla nezimo zokusebenza ezimbi kakhulu. Ama-semi-synthetics angasebenza njengenketho emaphakathi uma ufuna ukushintsha usuka ekugcobiseni kwamaminerali uye kuma-synthetics. Ifanele kokubili ama-powertrains amasha nagugile.

      Amaminerali. Ifanele izimoto ezine-carburetor engine. Inenani elithengekayo ngenxa yobuchwepheshe obulula bokukhiqiza. Inezici ezinhle zokugcoba, idala ifilimu yamafutha ezinzile futhi ihlanze kahle injini ekufakweni.

      Ububi obuyinhloko ukwanda okuphawulekayo kwe-viscosity emazingeni okushisa aphansi. Eqhweni, "amanzi amaminerali" ampontshwa kabi futhi enza ukuqala okubandayo kube nzima kakhulu. I-lubricant eqinisiwe ngamanani anganele ingena ezingxenyeni zenjini, okusheshisa ukugqoka kwazo. Amafutha amaminerali nawo awenzi kahle ngaphansi kwemithwalo ephezulu.

      Ngesikhathi sokusebenza emazingeni okushisa ajwayelekile naphakeme okusebenza, izithasiselo zivutha ngokushesha, ngenxa yalokho, ukuguga kwamafutha futhi kudinga ukushintshwa njalo.

      Ngokwesilinganiso samanani / sekhwalithi, uwoyela we-mineral motor ezimweni eziningi uzoba yisinqumo esingcono kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ezifundeni ezinobusika obupholile. Into esemqoka ukuthi ungakhohlwa ukuyishintsha ngesikhathi.

      Amafutha enjini ahluke kanjani?

      Ngakho-ke, sinqume ngezinhlobo zamafutha, manje ake sikhulume ngesici esibaluleke ngokulinganayo - i-viscosity. Uma injini isebenza, izingxenye zayo zangaphakathi zigudlana ngesivinini esikhulu, okuthinta ukushisa nokuguga kwazo. Ukuvimbela lokhu kungenzeki, kubalulekile ukuba nesendlalelo esikhethekile sokuzivikela ngendlela yengxube yamafutha. Iphinde idlale indima ye-sealant kumasilinda. Amafutha aminyene ane-viscosity eyengeziwe, azodala ukumelana okwengeziwe ezingxenyeni ngesikhathi sokunyakaza, okwandisa umthwalo enjini. Futhi uketshezi olwanele luzomane lukhiphe, lukhulise ukungqubuzana kwezingxenye futhi lugqoke insimbi.

      Icabangela iqiniso lokuthi noma imuphi uwoyela ujiya emazingeni okushisa aphansi futhi abe mncane uma ushiswa, i-American Society of Automotive Engineers yahlukanisa wonke amafutha nge-viscosity ehlobo nasebusika. Ngokusho kwesigaba se-SAE, uwoyela wezimoto zasehlobo wamane waqokwa inombolo (5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60). Inani elibonisiwe limelela i-viscosity. Isibalo esikhulu, i-viscous yamafutha ehlobo. Ngakho-ke, lapho izinga lokushisa lomoya liphakeme ehlobo endaweni ethile, kulapho amafutha kwadingeka athengwe khona ukuze ahlale e-viscous ngokwanele ekushiseni.

      Kuyisiko ukudlulisela imikhiqizo ngokusho kwe-SAE kusuka ku-0W kuya ku-20W eqenjini lamafutha ebusika. Uhlamvu u-W luyisifinyezo segama lesiNgisi elithi ubusika - ubusika. Futhi isibalo, kanye namafutha ehlobo, sibonisa i-viscosity yabo, futhi sitshela umthengi ukuthi yiliphi izinga lokushisa eliphansi kakhulu uwoyela angakwazi ukumelana nalo ngaphandle kokulimaza iyunithi yamandla (20W - hhayi ngaphansi kuka -10 ° С, i-0W ephikisana kakhulu nesithwathwa - hhayi ngaphansi kuka -30°C).

      Namuhla, ukuhlukaniswa okucacile kumafutha ehlobo nasebusika kuye kwabuyela ngemuva. Ngamanye amazwi, asikho isidingo sokushintsha i-lubricant ngokusekelwe enkathini efudumele noma ebandayo. Lokhu kwenzeke ngenxa yalokho okubizwa ngokuthi uwoyela wenjini yesimo sezulu sonke. Ngenxa yalokho, imikhiqizo ngayinye ehlobo kuphela noma yasebusika manje ayitholakali emakethe yamahhala. Uwoyela wesimo sezulu sonke unegama elithi SAE 0W-30, okuwuhlobo lwe-symbiosis yegama likawoyela ehlobo nasebusika. Kulesi sihloko, kunezinombolo ezimbili ezinquma i-viscosity. Inombolo yokuqala ibonisa i-viscosity emazingeni okushisa aphansi, kanti eyesibili ibonisa i-viscosity emazingeni okushisa aphezulu.

      Ungakhetha kanjani uwoyela ngekhodi yewayini?

      Lapho kudingekile ukukhetha uhlobo oluthile lokushintsha uwoyela, umkhiqizi wemoto yakho kuphela ongaba umeluleki ongcono kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, okokuqala, kufanele uvule imibhalo yokusebenza futhi uyifunde ngokucophelela.

      Uzodinga ukuthola izici ezilandelayo zokukhetha i-lubricant ngekhodi ye-VIN:

      • uhlobo lwemoto kanye nemodeli ethile;
      • unyaka wokwakhiwa kwemoto;
      • isigaba sezimoto;
      • izincomo zomkhiqizi;
      • ivolumu yenjini;
      • ubude bomshini.

      Imanuwali yesevisi kufanele icacise ukubekezelela komkhiqizi kanye nezidingo zamapharamitha amabili amakhulu kawoyela wenjini:

      • I-Viscosity ngokwezinga le-SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers);
      • I-API (i-American Petroleum Institute), i-ACEA (i-European Automobile Manufacturers' Association) noma i-ILSAC (I-International Lubricant Standardization and Approval Committee) isigaba sokusebenza;

      Uma ingekho imibhalo yesevisi, kungcono ukuthintana nabamele isiteshi sesevisi somthengisi esisevisa izimoto zomkhiqizo wakho.

      Uma ungafuni noma ungenalo ithuba lokuthenga uwoyela onophawu lwangempela, ungathenga umkhiqizo wesithathu. Okuncamelayo kufanele kunikezwe lowo oqinisekiswe umenzi wemoto ofanele, hhayi nje umbhalo othi "uhlangabezana nezidingo ...". Kungcono ukuthenga kubathengisi abagunyaziwe noma izitolo ezinkulu zamaketanga ukuze ungangeni emikhiqizweni yomgunyathi.

      Ungakhetha kanjani amafutha ngamapharamitha?

      I-viscosity ye-SAE - lena ipharamitha eyinhloko ekukhethweni kwamafutha enjini. Akuyona into engaqondakali ukuthi ihlale iqokonyiswa ku-canister ngombhalo omkhulu. Sekushiwo ngenhla, ngakho-ke ake sithi umthetho oyinhloko wokukhetha uwoyela ngokwezinga le-SAE. KHUMBULA -35 bese wengeza kuyo inombolo ngaphambi kohlamvu W. Ngokwesibonelo, 10W-40: kuya -35 + 10 sithola -25 - lokhu izinga lokushisa kuma lapho uwoyela engakaqini. NgoJanuwari, izinga lokushisa lingehla liye ku-28 ngezinye izikhathi. Ngakho-ke uma ucosha uwoyela we-10W-40, maningi amathuba okuthi uzothatha isitimela esihamba ngaphansi komhlaba. Futhi ngisho noma imoto iqala, injini nebhethri kuzothola ukucindezeleka okukhulu.

      Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-API. Izibonelo: API SJ/CF, API SF/CC, API CD/SG, API CE, API CE/CF-4, API SJ/CF-4 EC 1.

      Lokhu kumaka kufanele kufundwe kanje: S - uwoyela kaphethiloli, C - wezinjini zikadizili, EC - ezonga amandla. Izinhlamvu ezingezansi zibonisa izinga lekhwalithi lohlobo lwenjini ehambisanayo: kuphethiloli osuka ku-A ukuya ku-J, ezinjinini zikadizili ukusuka ku-A ukuya ku-F. UKWENZA UHLAZO LWE-ALFABETHI, ENGCONO.

      Inombolo ngemva kwezinhlamvu - API CE / CF-4 - kusho ukuthi iyiphi injini ehloselwe uwoyela, 4 - i-four-stroke, 2 - ye-stroke emibili.

      Kukhona nowoyela we-universal olungele zombili izinjini zikaphethroli nezikadizili. Iqokwe kanje: I-API CD / SG. Kulula ukufunda - uma ithi CD / SG - lawa amafutha kadizili OKWENGEZIWE, uma SG / CD - kusho PETROL OKWENGEZIWE.

      I-Designation EC 1 (isibonelo, i-API SJ / CF-4 EC 1) - isho iphesenti yokonga kukaphethiloli, i.e. inombolo 1 - okungenani 1,5% ukonga; inombolo 2 - okungenani 2,5%; inombolo 3 - okungenani 3%.

      Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-ACEA. Lesi isifinyezo sezidingo eziqinile zokusebenza kanye nokwakhiwa kwezinjini eYurophu. I-ACEA ihlukanisa izigaba ezintathu zamafutha:

      • "A / B" - uphethiloli kanye nezinjini diesel izimoto;
      • "C" yezimoto zikaphethiloli nezinjini zedizili ezinama-catalyst nezihlungi zezinhlayiya;
      • "E" - amayunithi diesel amaloli kanye nemishini ekhethekile.

      Ikilasi ngalinye linezigaba zalo - A1 / B1, A3 / B3, A3 / B4, A5 / B5 noma C1, C2 kanye neC3. Bakhuluma ngezici ezihlukene. Ngakho, isigaba A3 / B4 amafutha asetshenziswa ezinjinini zikaphethiloli ngempoqo.

      Imvamisa, umenzi ukhombisa womathathu amakilasi ku-canister - i-SAE, i-API ne-ACEA, kepha lapho ukhetha, sincoma ukugxila ekuhlukaniseni kwe-SAE.

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