Amakilasi ezimoto anqunywa kanjani?

Wonke umnikazi wemoto uzwile ngegama elithi "car class", kodwa bambalwa abantu abazi kahle ukuthi yiziphi izindlela ezisetshenziswayo ukuhlukanisa izimoto. Kufanele kucaciswe lapha ukuthi asikhulumi ngezimpawu zobuchwepheshe noma ukunethezeka, kepha ngobukhulu. Iqiniso lodaba ukuthi izinhlobo zezimoto eziphambili ezifana neMercedes-Benz neBMW, ngokwesibonelo, zivame ukuhlukaniswa ngezimoto ezisezingeni eliphezulu, kungakhathalekile ubukhulu bazo noma amandla azo.

Ukuhlukaniswa kweYurophu

Indlela esetshenziswe yiKhomishini Yezomnotho YaseYurophu iyaqondakala kakhulu ngakho-ke ivame kakhulu. Ngomqondo othile, le pharamitha nayo inemibandela, ngoba isuselwe hhayi kuphela kusayizi nakumandla, kodwa futhi ibheka nemakethe okuqondiswe kuyo imoto egxile kuyo. Lokhu, nakho, kuholela ekwehlukaneni phakathi kwamamodeli uqobo, okungamangaza abanye.

Uhlelo luhlukanisa zonke izimoto ngezigaba ezilandelayo:

• A (imoto mini);
• B (izimoto ezincane, ikilasi elincane);
• C (izimoto eziphakathi nendawo, elinye igama elithi "Golf Class", elaziwa ngegama lemodeli ethandwa kakhulu kulesi sigaba);
• D (izimoto ezinkulu, isigaba esiphakathi);
• E (ama-premium, amamodeli aphakathi nendawo);
• F (isigaba sokunethezeka. Izimoto zihlukaniswa ngezindleko eziphakeme nokunethezeka okwandisiwe).

Lolu hlelo lubuye luhlukanise ama-SUV, ama-minivans nezimoto zezemidlalo (i-roadster ne-convertible). Kodwa-ke, nakuleli cala, ayikho imingcele enzima, ngoba ayichazi ubukhulu obuthile. Isibonelo salokhu yisizukulwane sakamuva iBMW 3-Series. Singamamitha angama-85 ubude kunabamele lesi sigaba, kanti ibanga eliphakathi kwama-ekseli lenyuka ngo-41 mm.

Esinye isibonelo yiSkoda Octavia. Ngokomthetho, le modeli ingeyesigaba "C", kepha inkulu kunabameleli bayo abajwayelekile. Kungakho-ke kumenyezelwe ukumakwa (uphawu lokuhlanganisa), olufana neB + no-C + kulezi zimoto, ezinkudlwana kuneziningi ekilasini.

Ukukhishwa iMercedes-Benz

Lapha kufanelekile ukucabangela ukuthi imingcele eyamukelwa eYurophu ayisebenzi kumamodeli akwaMercedes. Isibonelo, amakilasi A no-B awela esigabeni "C", kanye nemodeli yohlobo C-Class - ku-"D". Okuwukuphela kwemodeli ehambisana ekilasini i-E-Class.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwaseMelika

Isimo phesheya sihluke kakhulu kunaleso eseYurophu, yize kukhona ukugqagqana. Kuze kube yiminyaka yama-80s yekhulu elidlule, ibanga eliphakathi nendawo laliyisisekelo esiyisisekelo sesigaba semoto.

Ngo-1985, noma kunjalo, le pharamitha yashintsha. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, ivolumu ye-cabin isibe yisisekelo. Umqondo wukuthi okokuqala, le parameter kufanele itshele iklayenti ukuthi lizohlala kahle kanjani ngaphakathi emotweni.

Ngakho-ke, ukuhlukaniswa kweMelika kungendlela elandelayo:

• Ama-minicompact (abamele abancane kunabo bonke) anevolumu ye-cabin efinyelela kuma-cubic inches angama-85, abhekise ngokukhululekile kwi-European "A" ne "B";
• Izimoto ezincane (85-99,9 cu.d.) ziseduze nohlobo lwaseYurophu "C";
• Izimoto ezinosayizi ophakathi nendawo (110-119,9 cubic metres) zisondele ekilasini D ngokohlelo lwaseYurophu;
• Izimoto ezinkulu noma usayizi ogcwele izimoto (ngaphezulu kwe-120 cc). Lesi sigaba sifaka phakathi izimoto ezifanayo nezase-Europe class E noma F.

Izinqola zakwaSedan neziteshi eziseNyakatho Melika ziwela kwezinye izigaba:

• inqola yesiteshi esincane (kufika ku-130 cubic feet);
• inqola yesiteshi esiphakathi (amamitha ayi-cubic angu-130-160);
• inqola enkulu yesiteshi (ngaphezu kwama-cubic feet ayi-160).

Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlelo olufanayo lusebenza ezimotweni ezihamba emigwaqeni yonke, ezihlukaniswe ngezigaba zeSUV ezihlanganisiwe, eziphakathi nendawo kanye nezikhulu ngokugcwele.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwaseJapan

Umbukiso obonakalayo wokuthi ukwakheka kohlelo lokuhlukaniswa kuncike ekucacisweni kwemoto kungatholakala kanjani eJapan. Isibonelo salokhu yi "kei-car", edume kakhulu ezweni.

Zimelela i-niche ehlukile kusiko lezimoto zaseJapan. Ubukhulu nokucaciswa kwalezi zimoto kulawulwa ngokuqinile ngokuya ngemithetho yendawo nentela yomshuwalense.

Imingcele yezimoto ze-Kei yethulwa ngo-1949, futhi ushintsho lokugcina lwenzeka ngo-Okthoba 1, 1998. Ngaphansi kwemigomo, umshini onjalo ungabhekwa njengemoto enobude obufika ku-3400 mm, ububanzi obufika ku-1480 mm nokuphakama okungafika ku-2000 mm. Injini ingaba nokugudluka okukhulu okungafika ku-660 cc. cm namandla afinyelela ku-64 hp, futhi umthamo womthwalo ukhawulelwe ku-350 kg.

EJapane, kunezinye izigaba ezimbili zezimoto, kodwa yonke into ayicacile kangako, futhi imithetho ngezinye izikhathi ayinakwa. Ezimotweni ezincane, ubude abukho ngaphezu kuka-4700 mm, ububanzi bufika ku-1700 mm, nobude bufika ku-2000 mm. Umthamo wenjini akumele udlule ku-2,0 amalitha. Izimoto ezinkulu ziyingxenye yesigaba sezimoto ezinosayizi ojwayelekile.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwesiShayina

AmaShayina nawo anohlelo lwawo olwenziwe yiChina Automotive Technology and Research Center (CATARC). Kubandakanya:

• izimoto ezincane (ubude obufinyelela ku-4000 mm, okusho ukuthi kufana ne-European A no-B);
• isigaba A (izingcezu ezimbili zomzimba, ubude obusuka ku-4000 kuye ku-4500 mm nenjini efinyelela ku-1,6 litha);
• isigaba B (ubude obungaphezu kuka-4500 mm nenjini ngaphezu kwamalitha ayi-1,6);
• izimoto eziningi (imigqa yezihlalo engaphezu kwekabili);
• izimoto zezinsiza zemidlalo (ama-crossovers nama-SUV).

Ngokunikezwa lolu lwazi, ngaphambi kokuthenga imoto engahloselwe imakethe yasendaweni, kufanele ucacise ukuthi yimiphi imikhawulo esebenza ekilasini elihambisanayo. Lokhu kuzosiza ukugwema ukungaqondi kahle lapho ubhalisa imoto noma ukhokha ngokweqile ukukhishwa kwezitifiketi ezifanele.

Imibuzo nezimpendulo:

Чliyini ikilasi lemoto? Lokhu ukuhlukaniswa kwezimoto ngokusho kobukhulu bazo, ukuba khona kokucushwa okuthile ohlelweni lokunethezeka. Kuwumkhuba ukuqoka ikilasi elinezinhlamvu zesiLatini A-E.

Yiziphi izinhlobo zezimoto ezikhona futhi zihluke kanjani? A - imoto encane, B - imoto encane, C - isigaba esiphakathi, imoto yaseYurophu, D - imoto yomndeni enkulu, E - isigaba sebhizinisi. Umehluko ngosayizi kanye nesistimu yokunethezeka.

Iyiphi imoto ephakeme ekilasini? Ngaphezu kwamakilasi amahlanu, kukhona nesithupha - F. Zonke izimoto eziphezulu zingezakho. Lesi sigaba sithathwa njengephezulu kakhulu, futhi amamodeli angaba yi-serial noma enziwe ngokwezifiso.