Ungafunda kanjani ukumakwa kwamafutha enjini ephaketheni? Yazi ngezigaba zamafutha emoto futhi uthole ukuthi uwoyela wemoto unaliphi ibanga le-viscosity

Amafutha enjini ayingxenye ebalulekile yokusebenza kahle kwemoto. Ungqimba oluncane lwamafutha lugcotshwa ngaphakathi enjinini, umsebenzi oyinhloko owukunciphisa ukungqubuzana. Iphinde idlale indima ekupholiseni nasekuvaleni idrayivu. Hlola ukuthi uwafunda kanjani amalebula kawoyela wenjini.

Izinhlobo zamafutha ezimoto

Amafutha ezimoto ahlukaniswe abe izinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko. Ngokuya ngesisekelo sikawoyela esisetshenzisiwe, lezi yizi: 

• Amafutha okwenziwa enziwa ngokuhlanganisa izinhlanganisela zamakhemikhali. Izinga labo liphakeme kunezinye izinhlobo. Benza kahle emazingeni okushisa aphezulu naphansi;
• amafutha axubile - abizwa nangokuthi i-semi-synthetics. Zenziwe ngesisekelo samafutha amaminerali, kodwa uwoyela wokwenziwa nawo wengezwa ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza;
• Amafutha amaminerali atholakala ekucwengeni uwoyela ongahluziwe. Isetshenziswa kumamodeli ezimoto ezindala.

I-SAE Viscosity Classification yamafutha ezimoto

I-viscosity yamafutha emoto inquma ukumelana lapho i-molecule eyodwa igeleza kwenye. Emafutheni ane-viscosity ephansi ageleza kalula, futhi emafutheni ane-viscosity ephakeme ageleza kanzima. I-viscosity yamafutha enjini ikalwe esikalini kusuka ku-0 (i-viscosity ephansi) kuya ku-60 (i-viscosity ephezulu). Lezi zimpawu zikawoyela wenjini zidalwe yi-SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers). 

Isibonelo sebanga le-viscosity kawoyela wenjini yi-SAE 0W-40. Ifunde kanje:

• inombolo ngaphambi kohlamvu "W" ikhombisa ukuthi uwoyela umelana kangakanani namazinga okushisa aphansi; lapho iphansi, izinga lokushisa elizungezile lingaba liphansi;
• inombolo elandelayo ibonisa i-viscosity yamafutha ekushiseni okuphezulu. Uma isibalo siphezulu, izinga lokushisa le-ambient lapho injini ingasebenza khona liphezulu.

I-viscosity yamafutha enjini - ithebula lezindinganiso

Ibanga le-viscosity lamafutha enjini likuvumela ukuthi ukhethe uhlobo olungcono kakhulu loketshezi lwenjini yakho. Ngokwezigaba zamafutha ezimoto, zingahlukaniswa zibe:

• ubusika;
• ihlobo;
• amafutha esimo sezulu sonke - manje aseshintshiwe ngamafutha esimo sezulu sonke.

Lezi zokugcina zishintshwa ukuze zisebenze ezimweni zamazinga okushisa aphezulu naphansi. 

Ukucaciswa kwamafutha enjini - yikuphi ongakhetha?

Imingcele kawoyela wenjini ibalulekile ekusebenzeni kahle kwedrayivu. Umkhiqizi wemoto yakho unquma ukuthi yimaphi amafutha alungele imodeli yakho. Lolu lwazi lungatholakala kubhukwana lomsebenzisi. Lona umbandela obaluleke kakhulu okufanele ulandelwe lapho kukhethwa uwoyela wenjini. Uma usuvele unalo lolu lwazi, khona-ke ngosizo lokulebula kwamafutha enjini uzokhetha umkhiqizo ofanele. 

Imanuwali izophinde ikutshele ukuthi yiliphi izinga elilungile likawoyela enjinini yakho. Ngale ndlela ungakwazi ukulinganisa ukuthi kungakanani okudingeka ukungeze.

Ukucaciswa kukawoyela we-SAE - yini okufanele ibe uwoyela omuhle wenjini?

Uwoyela wenjini ye-SAE kufanele uhlangabezane nemibandela elandelayo:

• ukusebenza kahle kokupompa, okuqinisekisa ukufinyelela okusheshayo kwamafutha kumamukeli;
• i-viscosity ephezulu ekushiseni okuphezulu;
• ukukhuthazela ezimweni zesithwathwa;
• i-kinematic viscosity enhle.

I-API kanye ne-ACEA injini yekhwalithi yekhwalithi yekhwalithi. Indlela yokufunda ukumaka amafutha enjini?

Phakathi kwezimpawu zamafutha enjini, uzothola ulwazi mayelana nekhwalithi yayo. Uma ufuna ukwazi ukuthi uwoyela owuthola esitolo muhle yini, kufanele ubheke ukuthi unawo yini amalebula e-API ne-ACEA. Ngenxa yalokhu, uzokhetha umkhiqizo onemingcele engcono kakhulu. 

Kuyini ukuhlukaniswa kwekhwalithi ye-API

I-API ukucaciswa kwekhwalithi kawoyela okwethulwe yi-American Petroleum Institute. Ukupakishwa komkhiqizo kumele kukhombise ukuthi uhlangabezana nemibandela ebekwe yileyo nhlangano. Le ncazelo kawoyela ichazwa ngamagama amabili:

• C - kusho injini diesel;
• S - injini kaphethiloli.

Incwadi yesibili ye-API ihambisana nekhwalithi yamafutha. Lapho izinhlamvu zezinhlamvu zehla kakhulu, ikhwalithi ephezulu kakhulu:

• A kuya ku-J wezinjini zikadizili;
• A kuya ku-M ngezinjini zikaphethiloli.

Namuhla, ngisho nowoyela oshibhe kakhulu uhlangabezana nezidingo ze-API. Ngakho-ke, kufanelekile ukubheka ukuhlukaniswa kwekhwalithi ye-ACEA ehlukile. 

Kuyini ukuhlukaniswa kwekhwalithi ye-ACEA

Amafutha anegama le-ACEA anokuqukethwe komlotha okuphansi okuvala izihlungi ze-DPF ne-FAP. Ukuqokwa kukawoyela wezimoto ze-ACEA kukhombisa izidingo zabakhiqizi bezimoto baseYurophu. Inhlangano iqinisekisa ukuthi imikhiqizo enabo ihlangabezana nezidingo zezinjini. 

I-ACEA ihlukaniswe ngamakilasi:

• A - izinjini zikaphethiloli zezimoto;
• B - izinjini zedizili zezimoto namabhasi amancane;
• C - izimoto ezinemishini yokuhlanza igesi yesimanje;
• E - amaloli anezinjini zikadizili.

Ikilasi ngalinye linikezwe inombolo inani layo elinquma izidingo ezinemininingwane zezinjini ezithile.

Njengoba unolwazi lokumakwa kwamafutha enjini, kufanele ubheke incwadi yesevisi noma imanuwali. Lapho uzothola imininingwane enemininingwane mayelana nezimfuneko zale drayivu. Manje ungakwazi ukushintsha uwoyela ngokuphepha!