Yehlisa Ubuhlungu Bebhayisikili Bentaba Nge-Neurology

Indlela yokunqoba ubuhlungu ngenkathi uhamba ngebhayisikili? Ubani ongakaze azwe ubuhlungu ebhayisikilini lezintaba?

(Mhlawumbe umuntu ongakaze azwe ubuhlungu, kodwa kulesi simo, lesi yisimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-congenital analgesia, lapho umuntu angakwazi ukuzilimaza ngaphandle kokuqaphela!)

Ingabe kufanele silalele lobu buhlungu noma sibunqobe? Kusho ukuthini?

Umkhuba wokuhamba ngebhayisikili ezintabeni kanye nezemidlalo ngokuvamile udala ukusabela okuningi kwamahomoni.

Isibonelo, sithola ama-endorphin (amahomoni okuzivocavoca) adlala indima ebalulekile. Akhiqizwa ubuchopho. Zisanda kutholwa ezindaweni zobuchopho ezicubungula lokho okubizwa ngokuthi i-nociception (umbono wezisusa ezibangela ubuhlungu).

Singakwazi ukufaneleka i-endorphin njenge-antibody eyenzeka ngokwemvelo ekhishwe ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca.

Lapho umsebenzi ushubile, ukhululwa ngokwengeziwe futhi ubangele umuzwa wokwaneliseka, ngezinye izikhathi kuze kube yilapho umsubathi eba "umlutha".

Siphinde sithole i-serotonin, i-dopamine, ne-adrenaline: ama-neurotransmitters adambisa izinhlungu futhi anikeze umuzwa wenhlalakahle. Ukuzwa ubuhlungu kumdlali kanye nomuntu ongeyena umgijimi kuzwakala ngendlela ehlukile.

Kulungiswa ikhono lokuzidlula wena. Ngokusho kukaLance Armstrong, "Ubuhlungu besikhashana, ukwehluleka kungunaphakade."

Izindaba eziningi zikhuluma ngokuxhashazwa futhi zincoma abanye abasubathi ababekwazi ukunqoba ubuhlungu babo. Baqinisile?

Ukuqeqeshwa kufundisa abasubathi ukuthi bakhulise amakhono abo, ngoba ekusebenzeni kwezemidlalo cishe kukhona ubuhlungu. Kungase futhi kube uphawu lobuhlungu bomzimba obulula noma isibikezelo sokulimala okubi kakhulu. Ubuhlungu buyisignali eyisixwayiso edinga ukulalelwa futhi iqondwe.

Ubuhlungu kanye neurobiology

Umphumela we-analgesic wobuhlungu, okungukuthi, ikhono lobuhlungu lokukhulula ubuhlungu, liye labonakala ocwaningweni lwe-neurobiological.

Lo mphumela ungahlala ngaphezu kokusebenza ngokomzimba.

Lokhu kusanda kuboniswa ocwaningweni lwase-Australia (Jones et al., 2014) lapho ababambiqhaza bacelwa ukuthi benze izikhathi ezintathu zamabhayisikili zasendlini ngesonto.

Abacwaningi balinganise ukuzwela kobuhlungu kubantu abadala be-24.

Ingxenye yalaba bantu abadala yayibhekwa njengabakhuthele, okungukuthi, bavuma ukuhlanganyela ohlelweni lokuqeqeshwa ngokomzimba. Enye ingxenye yayibhekwa njengengasebenzi. Ucwaningo lwathatha amaviki angu-6.

Abacwaningi baphawule izinyathelo ezimbili:

• umkhawulo wobuhlungu, onqunywa yilowo lapho umuntu ezwa khona ubuhlungu
• umkhawulo wokubekezelela ubuhlungu lapho ubuhlungu bungabekezeleleki.

Le mibundu emibili ingahluka kakhulu kumuntu oyedwa kuya komunye.

Iziguli zanikezwa ubuhlungu bokucindezela kungakhathaliseki ukuthi zibhaliswe ohlelweni lokuqeqeshwa ngokomzimba (iqembu elisebenzayo) noma cha (iqembu elingasebenzi).

Lobu buhlungu benziwa ngaphambi kokuqeqeshwa kanye namaviki angu-6 ngemva kokuqeqeshwa.

Imiphumela yabonisa ukuthi imingcele yobuhlungu yamavolontiya asebenzayo e-12 yashintsha, kuyilapho imingcele yamavolontiya angasebenzi we-12 ayizange ishintshe.

Ngamanye amazwi, izifundo eziqeqeshwe ngokusobala zazisabuzwa ubuhlungu obubangelwa ukucindezela, kodwa zaqala ukubekezelela futhi zibekezelela ngokwengeziwe.

Wonke umuntu unomkhawulo wakhe wokubekezelelana, umbono wobuhlungu uhlala uncike kakhulu, futhi wonke umuntu kufanele azazi ngokuhambisana nolwazi lwakhe, izinga lokuqeqeshwa kanye nolwazi lwakhe.

Bulawulwa kanjani ubuhlungu?

Ucwaningo oluningana luhlonze "i-matrix" yobuhlungu ecushiwe ukuphendula izisusa ezilimazayo ngokomzimba. Iqembu locwaningo lwe-INSERM (Garcia-Larrea & Peyron, 2013) lihlukanise izimpendulo zaba izingxenye ezintathu ezibalulekile:

• i-nociceptive matrix
• I-matrix ye-oda yesi-2
• I-matrix ye-oda yesi-3

Ukuchaza le matrix kusisiza ukuthi siqonde indlela yokulawula ubuhlungu.

Ukumelwa okuhleliwe kwe-matrix yobuhlungu kanye namazinga amathathu okuhlanganiswa (nguBernard Laurent, i-3 yo, ngokusekelwe kumodeli eyenziwe nguGarcía-Larrea noPeyron, i-2013).

Izifinyezo:

• I-CFP (i-prefrontal cortex),
• I-KOF (i-orbito-frontal cortex),
• I-CCA (i-anterior cingulate cortex),
• i-primary somato-sensory cortex (SI),
• i-secondary somatosensory cortex (SII),
• insula antérieure (izintuthwane zesiqhingi),
• i-insula postérieure

Ubuhlungu bokuhlola busebenzisa izindawo zokumelela kwe-somatic (Umfanekiso 1), ikakhulukazi indawo eyinhloko ye-somatosensory (SI) etholakala ku-parietal lobe yethu nalapho umzimba umelelwe khona kumephu yobuchopho.

Isifunda sesibili se-somatosensory parietal (SII) futhi ikakhulukazi i-posterior insula ilawula idatha ebonakalayo ye-stimulus: lokhu kuhlaziywa kokubandlululwa kwezinzwa kuvumela ubuhlungu ukuthi butholakale futhi bufanelekele ukulungiselela impendulo efanele.

Leli zinga "eliyisisekelo" nelithi "somatic" le-matrix lihambisana nezinga le-motor, lapho i-motor cortex isivumela ukuthi siphendule, isibonelo ngokubuyisela emuva isandla sethu lapho sizishisa. Izinga lesibili le-matrix lihlanganisa kakhulu kunezinga eliyinhloko, futhi lihlotshaniswa nokuhlupheka okunzima: ukusabela kwengxenye yangaphambili ye-insular kanye ne-anterior cingulate cortex (Fig. 1) ilingana nokungakhululeki okuzwakala ngesikhathi sobuhlungu.

Zona lezi zindawo zisebenza lapho sizicabanga sisezinhlungwini noma lapho sibona umuntu ogulayo. Le mpendulo ye-cingulate inqunywa imingcele ngaphandle kwezici zomzimba zobuhlungu: ukunakwa nokulindela.

Okokugcina, singakwazi ukukhomba izinga lesithathu le-matrix ye-fronto-limbic ehilelekile ekulawuleni kwengqondo kanye nemizwelo yobuhlungu.

Ngamafuphi, sinezinga elithi "somatic", izinga "lemizwelo", kanye nezinga lokugcina lokulawula.

Lawa mazinga amathathu axhumene, futhi kukhona ukulawulwa, umjikelezo olawulayo ongacindezela ukuzwa ngokomzimba kobuhlungu. Ngakho-ke, izindlela "ze-somatic" zingashintshwa yisistimu yokubhuleka eyehlayo.

Lesi simiso esivimbelayo ngokuyinhloko senza isenzo saso ngama-endorphin. Ama-relay amaphakathi alo mjikelezo owehlayo ahlanganisa, phakathi kokunye, i-frontal cortex kanye ne-anterior cingulate cortex. Ukwenza kusebenze lesi simiso esivimbela ukwehla kungasisiza ukulawula ubuhlungu bethu.

Ngamanye amazwi, sonke sizwa ubuhlungu, kodwa singakwazi ukubukhulula sisebenzisa izindlela ezihlukahlukene zokulawula ingqondo nemizwa.

Indlela yokubhekana nobuhlungu?

Athini-ke amathiphu okuthi "ungalidlulisela kanjani iphilisi" ngaphandle kwe-doping, ngaphandle kwemithi  Ngenxa yocwaningo lwamanje nokuqonda kwethu amasekhethi obuchopho, singakunikeza amanye awo:

Ukuzivocavoca

Njengoba sibonile ngaphambili, umuntu ovivinya umzimba uzwa ubuhlungu obuncane kunomuntu opholile.

Umsubathi oziqeqeshayo useyazi imizamo yakhe. Kodwa-ke, lapho umuntu azi kusengaphambili ukuqala kobuhlungu, iningi lezifunda ezihlangene zobuchopho (i-primary somatosensory cortex, i-anterior cingulate cortex, islet, thalamus) isivele ibonisa umsebenzi owandisiwe uma kuqhathaniswa nesigaba sokuphumula (Ploghaus et al., 1999) ).

Ngamanye amazwi, uma umuntu ecabanga ukuthi ubuhlungu bakhe buzoba nzima, uzokhathazeka kakhulu futhi ezwe ubuhlungu obukhulu. Kodwa uma umuntu eseyazi kakade ukuthi ubuhlungu kangakanani, uzomlindela kangcono, ukukhathazeka kuzokwehla, njengobuhlungu.

Ukuhamba ngebhayisikili ezintabeni kuyitimu eyaziwa kakhulu, lapho uzivocavoca kakhulu, umzamo omncane ubangela ukuqina noma ukukhathala. Kuba lula ukuzilolonga.

Qonda ubuhlungu bakho

Sicaphune, siyaphinda futhi, ukuze leli qhinga lithathe yonke incazelo yalo. Emazwini ka-Armstrong, "ubuhlungu bungobesikhashana, ukuzinikela kungokwaphakade." Ubuhlungu buyabekezeleleka kakhulu uma busivumela ukuthi sifinyelele umgomo ofana nezifiso zethu, isibonelo, uma kunikeza umbono wokuthi siyingxenye "yabantu abaphakeme", abahlukile. Lapha ubuhlungu abuyona ingozi, futhi amandla okuvimbela nokunciphisa azwakala.

Isibonelo, ucwaningo seludale umbono wokuthi amavolontiya angakwazi ukumisa ubuhlungu noma abumise ngempela. Ngokuphawulekayo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi lokhu kulawulwa kungokoqobo noma kuyacatshangelwa, abalobi bathola ukwehla komsebenzi wobuchopho ezindaweni ezilawula ukuzwa ubuhlungu bomzimba kanye nomsebenzi owandayo ku-ventro-lateral prefrontal cortex, indawo ye-lobe yangaphambili ebonakala ilawula phansi. uhlelo lokubhuleka. (Wiech et al., 2006, 2008).

Ngokuphambene, ezinye izifundo (Borg et al., 2014) zibonise ukuthi uma sibona ubuhlungu buyingozi kakhulu, sibubona buqine kakhulu.

Phambukisa ukunaka kwakhe

Nakuba ubuhlungu buhunyushwa njengophawu lwesixwayiso futhi ngaleyo ndlela budonse ukunaka kwethu ngokuzenzekelayo, kungenzeka ngempela ukuphazamisa lo muzwa.

Ukuhlola okuhlukahlukene kwesayensi kubonise ukuthi imizamo yokuqonda, njengokubala kwengqondo noma ukugxila ekuzweleni ngaphandle kobuhlungu, inganciphisa umsebenzi ezindaweni ezihlukene zobuhlungu futhi yandise ukushuba kokuxhumana nezifunda zobuhlungu. Uhlelo lokulawula ubuhlungu olwehlayo, futhi okuholela ekunciphiseni ubuhlungu obukhulu (Bantick et al., 2002).

Ebhayisikilini, lokhu kungasetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokukhuphuka okunamandla noma umzamo oqhubekayo, noma ngesikhathi sokuwa ngokulimala, ngenkathi ulinde usizo, noma kaningi lapho uhlezi esihlalweni isikhathi eside ekuqaleni kwenkathi. iba nzima (ngenxa yokukhohlwa ukusebenzisa ibhalsamu yokuvimbela?).

Lalela umculo

Ukulalela umculo kungakusiza ukhiphe ingqondo yakho ebuhlungwini ngenkathi uzivocavoca. Sesichazile kakade ukuthi iyini le ndlela yokuphazamisa. Kodwa futhi, ukulalela umculo kungakha isimo sengqondo esihle. Nokho, isimo sengqondo siyawuthinta umbono wethu wobuhlungu. Ukulawulwa kwemizwelo kubonakala kuthinta i-ventro-lateral prefrontal cortex, njengoba sisanda kusho.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ucwaningo (Roy et al., 2008) lubonise ukuthi ukumelana nobuhlungu bokushisa kuyanda lapho ulalela umculo omnandi uma kuqhathaniswa nomculo onomqondo omubi noma ukuthula. Abacwaningi bachaza ukuthi umculo uzoba nomthelela we-analgesic ngokukhulula ama-opioid afana ne-morphine. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imizwelo ekhiqizwa ngokulalela umculo yenza kusebenze izindawo zobuchopho ezihilelekile ekulawuleni ubuhlungu, njenge-amygdala, i-prefrontal cortex, i-cingulate cortex, kanye nalo lonke uhlelo lwe-limbic, kuhlanganise nokulawulwa kwethu ngokomzwelo (Peretz, 2010).

Ngokuhamba ngebhayisikili ezintabeni ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca okukhulu, bamba ama-headphone akho bese udlala umculo owuthandayo!

Zindla

Imiphumela enenzuzo yokuzindla ebuchosheni iya ngokuya ibonakala. Ukuzindla kungaba isihloko somsebenzi wokulungiselela ingqondo okusiza ukuthi ubhekane kangcono nobuhlungu ngokugxila ezintweni ezinhle. Nokho, ukugxila ezintweni ezinhle, empeleni, kubangela isimo sengqondo esihle.

Ukuzindla kungasiza futhi umsubathi ukuthi alulame ngokuphumula nokuphumula. Phakathi kwamathuluzi avame ukunikezwa ekulungiseleleni ngokwengqondo, sithola futhi uhlelo lwe-neurolinguistic (NLP), i-sophrology, i-hypnosis, ukubona ngeso lengqondo, njll.

Yehlisa ubuhlungu lapho uhamba ngebhayisikili

Kunamanye amathiphu amaningi aqala ukuduma manje. Lokhu kulawulwa kobuhlungu ngokomzwelo nangokomqondo kugcizelelwa ekukhanyeni kolwazi lwamanje lwe-neurobiological. Nokho, umphumela wawo ungahluka kumuntu ngamunye. Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukuzazi kahle ukuze usebenzise inqubo "elungile". Kubalulekile futhi ukuthi sizihlole kahle ukuze sazi ukuthi singamisa kanjani ngesikhathi ngesikhathi semidlalo, ngoba singakhohlwa ukuthi ubuhlungu bungaba isixwayiso esidingekayo ukuze siphile.

Kumele uzazi kahle futhi uthuthuke ekusebenzeni kwakho ukuze usebenzise indlela efanele yokudambisa izinhlungu.

Ukuhamba ngebhayisikili kuwumsebenzi womzimba ogcwele, kwandisa ukukhuthazela, futhi kuhle empilweni. Ukuhamba ngebhayisikili kunciphisa ingozi yezifo, ikakhulukazi ingozi yokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo.

Nokho, ukuhamba ngebhayisikili ezintabeni kubuhlungu kakhulu futhi kubalulekile ukukunqanda.

Zingabonwa kusengaphambili ngokuphelele ngombono we-biomechanical ngokulungisa ibhayisikili ngangokunokwenzeka ngokuhambisana nezici ze-morphological of the mountain biker. Nokho, lokhu ngeke kwanele. Ubuhlungu buzofika ngesinye isikhathi. Labo abajwayele ukuhamba ngebhayisikili entabeni bajwayelene nalezi zinhlungu ezithile ezisakazeka ezinqeni, ematholeni, ezinqeni, emhlane, emahlombe, ezihlakaleni.

Umzimba uhlushwa izinhlungu, wumqondo okumele uwuthulise.

Ngokuqondile, uwasebenzisa kanjani amathiphu angenhla lapho uhamba ngebhayisikili entabeni?

Ake sinikeze isibonelo esiqondile sokulalela umculo.

Ungase uphikise ngokuthi ukupedalitha ngenkathi ulalele umculo akuphephile. Cha! Kunezipikha ezingafakwa ebhayisikilini, esihlakaleni, ezixhunywe izigqoko zamabhayisikili ezintaba, noma ekugcineni zibe izigqoko zokuvikela amathambo.

Ngakho, indlebe ikwazi ukuzwa imisindo evela endaweni ezungezile. Ilungele ukuzivuselela ngesikhathi esisodwa phakathi nohambo olukhathazayo, njengoba u-Atkinson et al. (2004) ebonisa ngokucacile ukuthi ukulalela umculo ngesivinini esisheshayo kungase kusebenze kakhulu.

Abacwaningi bafaka ababambiqhaza abangu-16 ekuhlolweni kokucindezeleka.

Bekumele baqedele isivivinyo sesikhathi se-10K kabili ngomculo we-trance nangaphandle kwawo. Abagijimi, abalalela umculo ngesivinini esisheshayo, bangeze isivinini ekusebenzeni kwabo. Ukulalela umculo nakho kwenza ngakwazi ukukhohlwa ngokukhathala. Umculo uphazamisa umsebenzi!

Kodwa-ke, abanye abantu ngokuvamile abawulaleli umculo, abathandi ukuwulalela, bakhathazekile ngomculo ngenkathi begibele ibhayisikili ezintabeni, noma bakhetha ukungaphazamisi imvelo.

Enye indlela ukuzindla: ukuzindla ngokucabangela, okudinga ukuhlanganisa ukunakwa.

Kwesinye isikhathi umjaho umude futhi unobuchwepheshe, ngakho-ke udinga ukuqaphela. UMikael Woods, umshayeli wamabhayisikili ochwepheshe, uyachaza engxoxweni: “Lapho ngijima, ngilalela umculo, ngixoxe nabangane. Kodwa emisebenzini eqondile, ngigxila ngokuphelele kulokho engikwenzayo. Isibonelo, namuhla ngenze umsebenzi wokuvivinya isikhathi, futhi inhloso yalokho kuzivocavoca kwakuwukuba okwamanje futhi ngizwe umzamo wokuqonda ngokugcwele okwenzekayo. "

Uchaza ukuthi ubona ngeso lengqondo umzila wakhe ngesikhathi somjaho, kodwa kuphela km ngekhilomitha, futhi akawumeli wonke kanyekanye. Le nqubo ivumela ukuthi angagxili "isilinganiso somsebenzi." Uchaza nokuthi ngaso sonke isikhathi uzama ukwamukela "ukucabanga okuhle."

Inqubo yokuzindla ngokucabangela ifaneleka kahle umkhuba wokuhamba ngebhayisikili nokugibela izintaba ikakhulukazi, ngoba ngezinye izikhathi isimo esiyingozi semizila siholela ekugxilweni okuhle futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo kuyajabulisa. Ngempela, labo abavame ukugibela amabhayisikili asezintabeni bayawazi lo muzwa wenjabulo kusukela ekuphakameni kwabo, kusukela ekudakeni kwejubane, isibonelo, ngenkathi behla ngethrekhi eyodwa.

Ukuzijwayeza ukugibela ibhayisikili entabeni kugcwele imizwa, futhi singafunda ukuyibona umzuzwana nomzuzwana.

Umshayeli webhayisikili wasezintabeni uyafakaza, echaza ukuthi esikhundleni sokulalela umculo ukuze akhohlwe yimizamo yakhe, ugxila emisindo yendawo ezungezile. “Yini engiyilalelayo ebhayisikilini lezintaba? Imisindo yethayi, umoya ovunguzayo ezindlebeni lapho wehla, umoya ovunguzayo ezihlahleni ukhuphuka, izinyoni, ukuthula okunesihluku lapho ushayela endaweni eswakeme kancane, bese kuba ama-chips ohlakeni kamuva, ama-crampons aseceleni azabalaza ukuthi angacoshi ... I-brake ikhala ngaphambi kokuba ngiphumule imbongolo yami esondweni elingemuva, njenge-saguin, ngesivinini esingama-60 km / h, kuyilapho imfoloko iphenduka kancane ... Isigqoko sokuzivikela esihlikihla izitshalo kancane ... "

Ngokusekelwe kulobu bufakazi bakamuva, singasho ukuthi umkhuba wokuhamba ngebhayisikili entabeni ucebile emizweni futhi ungawathambisa ukuze unciphise ubuhlungu bakho.

Yazi ukuthi zisetshenziswa kanjani, zizizwe, futhi uzoqina nakakhulu!

izithenjwa

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