Izibhamu zase-Italy ezizishayelayo zeMpi Yezwe II
Izibhamu zase-Italy ezizishayelayo zeMpi Yezwe II
Ngama-30s kanye nama-40s, imboni yase-Italy, ngaphandle kokungavamile, yakhiqiza amathangi angewona aphezulu kakhulu futhi anemingcele empofu. Kodwa-ke, ngesikhathi esifanayo, abaklami base-Italy bakwazile ukuthuthukisa imiklamo eminingana ye-ACS ephumelela kakhulu ku-chassis yabo, okuzoxoxwa ngayo esihlokweni.
Kwakunezizathu eziningana zalokhu. Esinye sazo kwakuyihlazo lenkohlakalo ekuqaleni kwawo-30s, lapho i-FIAT kanye ne-Ansaldo bethola i-monopoly ekuhlinzekweni kwezimoto zezikhali zebutho lase-Italy, lapho izikhulu eziphezulu (kuhlanganise noMarshal Hugo Cavaliero) zazivame ukuba namasheya abo. Yiqiniso, kwakukhona izinkinga ezengeziwe, kuhlanganise nokuhlehla kwamanye amagatsha embonini yase-Italy, futhi ekugcineni, izinkinga ngokuthuthukiswa kwesu elihlangene lokuthuthukiswa kwamabutho ahlomile.
Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ibutho lase-Italy lasala emuva kakhulu kubaholi bomhlaba, futhi izitayela zabekwa amaNgisi, amaFulentshi namaMelika, futhi kusukela cishe ngo-1935 amaJalimane namaSoviet. AmaNtaliyane akhe ithangi eliphumelelayo le-FIAT 3000 ezinsukwini zokuqala zezikhali, kodwa impumelelo yabo yakamuva yachezuka kakhulu kuleli zinga. Ngemuva kwalokho, imodeli, ngokuhambisana nemodeli ehlongozwa yinkampani yaseBrithani i-Vickers, yabonakala ebuthweni lase-Italy ngama-tannettes CV.33 kanye ne-CV.35 (Carro Veloce, ithangi elisheshayo), futhi kamuva, i-L6 / 40. ithangi elikhanyayo, elingaphumelelanga kakhulu futhi seliphuze iminyaka eminingana (lidluliselwe enkonzweni ngo-1940).
Izigaba zezikhali zase-Italy, ezakhiwa kusukela ngo-1938, zazizokwamukela izikhali (njengengxenye yebutho) ezikwazi ukusekela amathangi kanye namasosha ahamba ngezinyawo, okwakudinga futhi ukudonsa kwezimoto. Kodwa-ke, amasosha ase-Italy abelokhu elandela eduze amaphrojekthi avele kusukela ngawo-20 okwethulwa kwezikhali ezinezindawo eziphakeme kanye nokumelana okukhulu nomlilo wesitha, okwazi ukungena empini kanye namathangi. Kwavela kanjalo-ke umqondo wezibhamu ezizishayelayo zebutho lase-Italy. Ake sibuyele emuva kancane sishintshe indawo...
Izibhamu ezizishayelayo zangaphambi kwempi
Imvelaphi yezibhamu ezizishayelayo isukela esikhathini lapho amathangi okuqala angena enkundleni yempi. Ngo-1916, kwaklanywa umshini e-Great Britain, waqokwa i-Gun Carrier Mark I, futhi ehlobo lonyaka olandelayo wadalwa ngenxa yokuntuleka kokuhamba kwezikhali ezidonsayo, ezingakwazi ngisho nokuhambisana neyokuqala ehamba kancane. -izibhamu ezihambayo. ukunyakaza kwamathangi endaweni enzima. Idizayini yayo yayisekelwe ku-chassis ye-Mark I elungiswe kakhulu. Yayihlome nge-Howitzer engu-60-pounder (127 mm) noma engu-6-inch 26-cent (152 mm). Kwa-odwa okhreni abangama-50, ababili kubo bebefakwe okhreni abahambahambayo. Izibhamu zokuqala ezizishayelayo zaqala ukulwa ngesikhathi seMpi Yesithathu yaseYpres (Julayi-Okthoba 1917), kodwa azizange zibe nempumelelo enkulu. Zikalwe njengezingaphumelelanga futhi zaguqulwa ngokushesha zaba yizisebenzi zezikhali ezithwala izinhlamvu. Noma kunjalo, umlando wezikhali ezizishayelayo uqala ngazo.
Ngemva kokuphela kweMpi Enkulu, izakhiwo ezihlukahlukene zagcwala izikhukhula. Ukuhlukaniswa kwezibhamu eziziqhudelayo zibe yizigaba ezihlukene zakhiwa kancane kancane, okuthi, ngezinguquko ezithile, zisekhona nanamuhla. Ezaziwa kakhulu kwakuyizibhamu ezizishayelayo (izibhamu, ama-howitzers, ama-gun-howitzers) kanye nezinsimbi. Izibhamu ezizishayelayo ezilwa namathangi zaziwa ngokuthi izibhubhisi zamathangi. Ukuze kuvikelwe amakholomu ahlomile, enziwe ngemishini nanezimoto ekuhlaselweni komoya, kwaqala ukwakhiwa ukufakwa kwezindiza ezizihambelayo (njenge-Mark I ka-1924, ehlome ngesibhamu esingu-76,2-mm 3-pounder). Engxenyeni yesibili ye-30s, i-prototypes yokuqala yezibhamu zokuhlasela (i-Sturmeschütz, i-StuG III) yadalwa eJalimane, empeleni eyayithatha indawo yamathangi ezingane ezisetshenziswa kwenye indawo, kodwa ngenguqulo ye-turretless. Eqinisweni, amathangi okuhlinzeka eBrithani nase-United States, kanye namathangi ezikhali e-USSR, ayehluke ngandlela-thile kulo mbono, ngokuvamile ehlome nge-howitzer enkulu ye-caliber kune-cannon standard ye-tank yalolu hlobo futhi eqinisekisa ukubhujiswa kwesitha. izinqaba namaphuzu okumelana.
