Umlando wakwaRenault - ingxenye yokuqala

Umlando womkhiqizo wesiFulentshi uqala ekupheleni kwekhulu lama-20 ... ishede elidala lamathuluzi eBillancourt eduze kwaseParis. Yilapho imoto yokuqala yadalwa khona ngumklami oneminyaka engu-140 ubudala uLouis Renault. Namuhla, ngemva kweminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu, inkampani ayisungula iqashe abantu abangaphezu koyedwa futhi ikhiqiza izimoto emazweni amaningana emhlabeni jikelele.

Izinto zokuzilibazisa zikamakhi osemusha

I-Renault yavela emndenini ojwayelekile wonxiwankulu baseParis. Wayenguthunjana ezinganeni zakwabo ezinhlanu. Uyise u-Alfred wayengusomabhizinisi ophumelelayo, ocebile. Kodwa-ke, ngokungafani naye, uLouis wayengenabo ubuhlakani bomthengisi. Esikhathini sokuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe, wayenesithakazelo kakhulu emishinini ehlukahlukene. Ngaphezu kwakho konke, wayethathekile ugesi kanye nezimoto, waphupha ukuzakhela imoto yakhe. Waqala ukuphila ngamaphupho akhe ezingane eshede elingemuva kwendlu kwaRenault eBillancourt. Ngaphambi kweminyaka engu-21, wakha imoto yakhe yokuqala lapho.

Imoto yakwaRenault ekuqaleni yayinamasondo amathathu, yase ishintshwa yaba yimodeli enamasondo amane. Imoto, efana nenqola ehlala abantu ababili, ibishayelwa iyunithi ye-De Dion Bouton eyisilinda eyodwa futhi ifakwe izixazululo zobuchwepheshe eziningi zalezo zikhathi. Isibonelo, uLouis waklama eyakhe i-gearbox enamagiya azishelelayo kanye ne-driveshaft edlulisa amandla esuka enjinini yangaphambili iye emasondweni angemuva. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi umsebenzi wokuqala wakwaRenault usekhona nanamuhla. Ungabancoma ku-salon yomkhiqizo waseFrance ku-Champs Elysees eParis.

Impumelelo yokuqala yezohwebo

Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa kamuva, imoto kaLouis yokuqala yangempela yayisilungile. Le moto, ebizwa ngokuthi yi-Type A, inenjini engu-0,27 litre, engu-1,75 hp. futhi wahamba ngesivinini esimangalisayo samakhilomitha angama-50 ngehora. NgoMashi 30, 1899, egqugquzelwe impumelelo yokwakhiwa, iRenault inquma ukuthola inkampani ebizwa ngeRenault Freres (Renault Brothers), lapho iqasha khona abafowabo uMarcel noFernand. Laba ababili bake basebenza enkampanini kababa.

Ngokushesha abazalwane bakha imoto yabo evamile. Ekuqaleni, yayinenjini engu-1,75 hp, eyashintshwa ngokushesha iyunithi eliphindwe kabili elinamandla. I-Renault iphinde yashintsha isistimu yokupholisa ngokwayo. Ekuqaleni isithuthuthu sasifakwe umoya, sabe sesipholiswa ngamanzi. Ngokubukeka, imoto yayingafani kakhulu nezimoto ezidonswa amahhashi, ngaphezu kwalokho, ngezindlela eziningi (isibonelo, amasondo angaphambili ayemancane kunalawo angemuva) afana nawo. Lapho amaFulentshi amathathu enza inguqulo evaliwe yalo mshini, yayibizwa ngokuthi "udoti onamasondo". Ngokusho kwemithombo eminingi, umsebenzi wabazalwane bakwaRenault wawungowokuqala ukusebenzisa umklamo onjalo. Imodeli ebizwa ngeVoiturette nayo yaba ngowokuqala ukuthola umthengi. Kwakungumngane kaLouis, okwathi ngemva kokuhlolwa, akazange asebenzise imali eningi kule moto.

Impumelelo nezinhlekelele zabazalwane bakwaRenault

UReno wakhula ngokushesha. Yaqasha abantu abangaphezu kwekhulu ngo-1899, futhi yakhiqiza izimoto ezingaba ngu-80 ezinyangeni eziyishumi nambili. Cishe ngaso leso sikhathi, kwasungulwa uphawu lokuqala lwe-Renault, kanye nesitolo sokuqala sezimoto lapho ungathenga khona izimoto kumkhiqizi waseFrance. Abazalwane basheshe baqaphela ukuthi impumelelo kulo mhlangano izosebenza njengokukhangisa okuhle kwezimoto zabo. ULouis, uMarcel noFernand baze bachaza impumelelo yabo encwadini eshicilelwe ngokukhethekile. Lezi zinzuzo beziningi - kusukela emjahweni weParis-Bordeaux, lapho izimoto zakwaRenault zathatha izindawo ezine zokuqala, kanye nokunqoba emncintiswaneni weParis-Berlin, ukunqoba kumasekhethi eParis-Vienna naseParis-Madrid.

Nokho, esokugcina salezi zenzakalo sangena emlandweni ngesizathu esihlukile. Endleleni eya eMadrid, uMarcel Renault washona engozini. Ekhungathekile, uLouis wayeka ukuhlangana ngokugcwele, nakuba izimoto zenkampani yakhe ziqhubeka nokuqhudelana emiqhudelwaneni yezemidlalo. Futhi baphumelela nakakhulu. Ngo-1906, umshayeli wefekthri yakwaRenault uFerenc Shisha waseHungary wawina umjaho wokuqala weFrench Grand Prix eLe Mans. U-Shish ugibele ithrekhi ngesivinini esiphakathi samakhilomitha angu-101 ngehora, kodwa ukusungulwa kwe-Michelin kwaqinisekisa ukunqoba - amarimu aguquguqukayo anamathayi, ngenxa yokuthi izinguquko zesondo zaba ngokushesha kakhulu.

Ngo-1905, iRenault yayinezindawo ezidayisa izimoto ezingaba ngu-140 kulo lonke elaseFrance. Kodwa-ke, uLouis ngokwakhe wayephethe ibhizinisi lomndeni, njengoba ngemva nje kokushona kukaMarcel, uFernand, omunye wabafowabo, wamshiya ngenxa yezizathu zempilo. Eminyakeni emithathu kamuva, ngemva kokugula isikhathi eside, u-Fernand washona futhi uLouis washintsha igama lebhizinisi lomndeni kusuka kwaRenault Freres kwaba yi-Les Automobiles Renault (Renault Cars).

I-Renault ye-Pole kanye nomgwaqo wasePoland

Minyaka yonke, brand French wakhiqiza izimoto ezingamakhulu amaningana, futhi ngo-1904 le nombolo wasondela inkulungwane okokuqala (cishe 950 izimoto). Eminyakeni emibili kamuva, izimoto zakwaRenault zazingathengwa ePoland. Ezweni lethu, umkhiqizi we-Seine wayemelwe yi-International Automobile Agency "Autobile". Izimoto ezinezinjini ezisukela ku-17 kuya ku-45 hp zanikezwa. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ukumiswa kwezimoto ezithengiswa ePoland kwaku... kushintshwe ngokukhethekile endaweni empofu yemigwaqo yasePoland (mhlawumbe manje abakhiqizi baseNtshonalanga kufanele babuyele kulo mbono?).

Cishe kusukela ekuqaleni, izimoto zenkampani yaseFrance zazidume ngezixazululo zazo ezintsha, zesimanje. Izibonelo? KwakunguLouis Renault owayesebenzisa i-turbocharger yokuqala ezimotweni zakhe. Izimoto zakhe zaba nesivinini esibi ngalezo zikhathi. Ube ngomunye wabokuqala ukufaka izihlalo zangemuva ezimotweni zakhe. Akumangalisi ukuthi inkampani yakhe yahlonishwa ngo-1906 ngeqhaza layo ekuthuthukiseni imboni yezimoto zaseFrance. I-Renault nayo yakhiqiza amatekisi (kwaba yimpumelelo enkulu - lezi zimoto zazithandwa kakhulu eFrance naseNgilandi), amabhasi, izimoto, ngisho namajeneretha kagesi, futhi ngo-1907 waqala ukwakha izinjini zezindiza, bese kuthi amathangi. Akazange adlulwe nakule ndawo yokugcina.

Izindlela zaseMelika kanye nesiteleka sokuqala sefekthri

Eshumini lesibili lekhulu leminyaka elidlule, imboni yakwaRenault yaqasha abasebenzi abangaphezu kuka-4 futhi yathatha indawo engamahektha ayishumi nane. ULouis wayefuna ngempela ukunciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza - izimoto zaziwumkhiqizo kanokusho ngaleso sikhathi. I-Renault encane ibe ibiza cishe ama-franc ayizinkulungwane ezintathu. Isisebenzi esivamile kumelwe ukuba sesibasebenzele cishe iminyaka eyishumi! ULouis wayefuna izimoto zakhe ziqhudelane nezimoto ezishibhile zakwa-T Ngakho wasebenzisa izindlela zokuhlela umsebenzi ezimbonini zakwaFord iqembu lakhe elalingazithandi. Isiteleka sokuqala siqhamuke embonini yakwaRenault. Nokho-ke lokhu akuzange kuphazamise ingcebo yenkampani - ngaphambi nje kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, iRenault isivele iqashe abasebenzi abangaphezu kwe-10 futhi ikhiqiza izimoto ezibalelwa ku-18 ngonyaka. Uphinde wakhiqiza izinhlobo zezimoto zabagibeli ezingaphezu kwamashumi amabili, okubalwa kuzo iXB, CV ne-AX.

Wanqoba impi kanye nempi kaLouis

Okuxakayo ukuthi kwakuphakathi nempi lapho izimoto zikaLouis R. zaduma nakakhulu. Phakathi neMpi YaseMarne, ingxenye yenkulungwane yamatekisi aseParisian Renault asetshenziselwa ukuthutha amasosha lapho eya ekusizeni ibutho laseFrance. Ngemva kokunqoba iJalimane, la matekisi abe uphawu lokunqoba. Baze babizwe ngokuthi "itekisi de la Marne". Ngaleso sikhathi, isitshalo "Renault" futhi yakhiqiza izinjini zezindiza, izimoto zokuthutha kanye nezikhali, ogandaganda wezikhali, amathangi (imodeli edumile ye-FT-17), izinhlamvu, bese kuba izindiza. ULouis ngokwakhe wasungula wabe esekhiqiza emafekthri akhe amagobolondo enganono amasha anobubanzi obungama-75 mm. Ngezinkonzo zakhe, i-Renault yayiphakathi kwabaphathi be-Order of the Legion of Honor.

Ngemva kwempi, inkampani yakhe yaguqulwa yaba yinkampani yamasheya. Emakethe yaseFrance, i-Renault ingasongelwa yi-Citroens kuphela, nakuba uLudovik ephethe iningi lenzuzo, ikakhulukazi njengoba, ngaphezu kwezimoto, wakhiqiza ngempumelelo amabhasi ashiwo ngenhla, kanye namaloli kanye ... nogandaganda. Izinguquko azizange ziphele ngokusungulwa kwenkampani ehlangene-stock - ngo-1923, uphawu olusha lomkhiqizo lwaqala ukusebenza - umbuthano wokuhlobisa onophawu lokungena kwe-radiator. Ithathe indawo "yombukiso" wangemva kwempi, owawuhlanganisa ibhokisi legiya kanye ... ithangi le-FT-17. Futhi eminyakeni embalwa kamuva, i-logo eyaziwa kuze kube yilolu suku yaqala ukuvela ku-hood yezimoto zakwaRenault. ULouis wayelokhu efuna ukwenza izimoto zakhe zifinyeleleke kuhlu olubanzi lwabathengi. Yingakho ngo-1924 wabhalisa inkampani yezimali i-DIAC, ngenxa yokuthi izimoto zakwaRenault zazithengwa kancane kancane.

Intshisekelo ye "hunchback"

Kwakunesithakazelo esikhulu kuzo, ikakhulukazi njengoba zazibhekwa njengezinomqondo ofanayo nokwethembeka nokuqina. Izibonelo zalokhu zihlanganisa i-NN nedumela layo "njengemoto engapheli" kanye neMonasix esetshenziswa njengetekisi; abashayeli bayo bavame ukuhamba ngisho nesigidi samakhilomitha. Kubalulekile futhi ukuthi iRenault iqhubeke nokuthola impumelelo emiqhudelwaneni yezemidlalo. Izimpumelelo ezinkulu zihlanganisa ukunqoba ku-Monte Carlo Rally, ku-Morocco Rally, kanye namanye amarekhodi omhlaba amabanga amade. Imodeli ye-40CV enenjini engamasilinda ayisithupha namabhuleki kuwo wonke amasondo yenze kahle kakhulu kulo mhlangano. I-feat of the off-road model of the French brand, edume ngokunqoba kwayo ogwadule lwaseSahara okungenazinkinga, nayo yayihlaba umxhwele. Isethulo sakhe sasihlanganisa nePoland. Ojenene bethu bawuthanda kangangokuthi amakhophi angaphezu kuka-200 alo mshini aya ebuthweni lasePoland.

Ngo-1932, i-Renault isivele inamamodeli ayisishiyagalolunye ahlukene. Njengelukuluku, sengeza ukuthi uhlobo luphinde lwathengisa ogandaganda abanezinjini zikadizili okokuqala ngqa. Ngemva kweminyaka emihlanu, i-Juvaquatre, nenjini yayo engu-1 hp 25-litre, yenza ukuqhuma okukhulu, isebenzisa umzimba okwazi ukuzisekela emoyeni okokuqala ngqa emlandweni wenkampani. ULouis Renault wayesevele ecabanga ngokuthile okusha. E-Berlin, wayethanda isibonelo se-German KdF, imoto yabantu abaningi, i-Beetle ezayo. Wabuyela kuleli ezimisele ngokudala imoto efanayo.

Louis ohlangothini olungalungile

Ukwakhiwa kwayo kwaqala ngo-1940. Eminyakeni emibili kamuva, i-prototype yokuqala isilungile, kwakuyimoto encane enamasondo amane, i-silhouette yayo efana ne-KdF yaseJalimane ngezindlela eziningi. Umsebenzi owengeziwe wawulenga esilinganisweni ngemva kokugqashuka kweMpi Yezwe II. Lapho ibutho laseJalimane lithatha iFrance, izimboni zikaLouis zawela ezandleni zomhlali futhi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuqhubeke zaqala ukwakha amathangi amaJalimane (umphumela walokhu kwaba ukugunyazwa kwenkampani ngemuva kwempi). Ikusasa lakwaRenault belingaziwa ngemuva kokuthi amabhomu e-Allied acishe acekela phansi imboni ye-marque yaseFrance ngo-1942-43. Ngemva konyaka, imboni yaseBillancourt yavalwa. ULouis Renault washonela ejele ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho. Waboshelwa ukusebenzisana namaNazi. Imbangela yokushona kwakhe iseyindida. Ngokusobala, wathatha ubuthi, eminye imibono ithi ulahlekelwe ukulwa nesifo esiqhubekayo. Ngandlela thize, akazange aphile ukuze abone ukubuyiselwa komkhiqizo wakhe ngemuva kwempi nokubuyela enkazimulweni yawo yangaphambili.