Umlando wezimoto zikagesi
Kwavela imoto yokuqala kagesi cishe ngo-1830 ( 1832-1839 ). Owokuqala owasungula imoto kagesi kwakungusomabhizinisi waseScotland URobert Anderson ... Kunalokho, kwakuyinqola kagesi.
Cishe ngo 1835 unyaka waseMelika Thomas Davenport wakha isitimela esincane sikagesi. Cishe ngo Unyaka we-1838 kuqhamuke iskhotheni URobert Davidson ngemodeli efanayo engafinyelela isivinini esingafika ku-6 km / h. Laba basunguli ababili abazange basebenzise ibhethri elishajekayo.
В 1859 UmFulentshi Gaston Plante usungule ibhethri le-asidi yomthofu ekwazi ukushajwa kabusha. Izothuthukiswa Camille Fore в Unyaka we-1881 .
Kulesi sithombe 1884 iminyaka sibona Thomas Parker, ehlezi emotweni kagesi okungaba ngeyokuqala emhlabeni. Isithombe sakhishelwa umphakathi ngo-Ephreli 2009 ngumzukulu wakhe u-Graham Parker.
В 1891 unyaka waseMelika UWilliam Morrison wakha imoto yokuqala kagesi yangempela (bheka isithombe).
В 1896 unyaka u-Riker kagesi u-Andrew Riker uwine umjaho wezimoto.
В 1897 ngonyaka singabona amatekisi okuqala kagesi emigwaqweni yaseNew York.
В Unyaka we-1899 enkampanini yaseBelgium The Never Happy wakha imoto yokuqala kagesi, uyakwazi ukuthuthukisa isivinini kuze kufike ku-100 km / h (kuzofinyelela ku-105 km / h). Imoto ibishayelwa uCamilla Jenatzi waseBelgium futhi ifakwe amathayi akwaMichelin. Yayimise okwe-torpedo.
С 1900 Ama-EV abenekusasa lawo. Izimoto ezisetshenziswayo ezingaphezu kwengxenye eyodwa kwezintathu zisebenza ngogesi, ezinye ziwuphethiloli nesitimu.http://www.youtube.com/embed/UnyoTDJttgs
В Unyaka we-1902 I-Wood's Phaeton ingahamba amakhilomitha angu-29 ngesivinini esingu-22,5 km / h futhi ibiza u-$ 2000.
В 1912 ngonyaka ukukhiqiza izimoto zikagesi zifinyelelwe isihloko ... Kodwa ukubukeka kweFord Model T esebenzisa uphethiloli ngo-1908 kuzoqala ukuzwakala.
I-Anderson Electric Car Company yethule imodeli yayo ku Unyaka we-1918 eDetroit.
В I-1920 ngokuhamba kweminyaka izici ezithile ziye zaholela nqaba izimoto zikagesi. Singakhomba uhla lwazo oluphansi, isivinini esihamba kancane, ukuntuleka kwamandla, ukutholakala kukawoyela, futhi inani lentengo yabo liphindwe kabili kunamaFord kaphethroli.
В 1966 ngonyaka, iCongress yaseMelika yancoma ukwakhiwa kwezimoto zikagesi ukuze kuncishiswe ukungcoliswa komoya. Umbono womphakathi waseMelika usekela kakhulu lokhu, kanye nokukhuphuka kwamanani kaphethiloli Unyaka we-1973 (Ukushaqeka kokuqala kukawoyela: i-OPEC embargo ngokumelene ne-United States) nakanjani inomfutho. Nokho, akukho lutho olusukayo ngempela.
В 1972 unyaka uVictor Vuk, unkulunkulu wemoto eyi-hybrid, wakha eyokuqala imoto eyi-hybrid IBuick Skylark yiGeneral Motors (GM).
В 1974 I-Vanguard-Sebring CitiCar, ebukeka ifana kakhulu nenqola yegalofu kagesi (bheka isithombe), yethulwe ku-Electric Vehicle Symposium eWashington DC. Ingakwazi ukuhamba amakhilomitha angu-40 ngesivinini esingama-48 km / h. Ngo-1975, inkampani yayingumkhiqizi wesithupha waseMelika, kodwa ngemva kweminyaka embalwa yahlakazwa.
В 1976 ngonyaka, iCongress yase-U.S ucwaningo, ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokuboniswa kwezimoto zikagesi kanye ne-hybrid ... okuhlose ukukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe obusha bamabhethri, amamotho kanye nezingxenye ezixubile.
В 1988 Umongameli we-GM u-Roger Smith usungule isikhwama socwaningo sokuthuthukisa imoto kagesi entsha, ezoba yi-EV 1.
В 1990 Isifundazwe saseCalifornia ivotele i-Zero Emission Vehicle (ZEV), uhlelo olubeka ukuthi u-2% wezimoto kumele zibe ne-zero emissions ngo-1998 (bese kuba u-10% walokho ngo-2003). Ngawo lowo nyaka, i-CEO ye-GM yembula umqondo wayo onezihlalo ezimbili " Impact »Embukisweni Wezimoto waseLos Angeles.
Phakathi kuka-1996 no-1998 I-GM izokhiqiza i-1117 EV1 izimoto zikagesi , angu-800 azoqashwa ngenkontileka yeminyaka emithathu.
В 1997 ngonyaka iToyota yethulwa I-Prius , imoto yokuqala eyi-hybrid ukungena ekukhiqizeni uchungechunge. Ngonyaka wokuqala, amakhophi angu-18 azothengiswa eJapane.
1997 kuya ku-2000 Abakhiqizi abaningi bakhiphe izinhlobo zikagesi eziyingxubevange: i-Honda EV Plus, i-GM EV1, i-Ford Ranger EV pickup, i-Nissan Altra EV, i-Chevy S-10 EV kanye ne-Toyota RAV4 EV, kodwa kusukela ngo-2000 imoto kagesi izofa futhi.
В 2002 U-GM kanye no-DaimlerChrysler bamangalele i-California Air Resources Board (CARB) ukuthi iqede uMthetho we-Zero Emission Vehicle (ZEV) ka-1990. Bajoyinwa nguMongameli waseMelika uGeorge W. Bush.
Ngo-2003 eFrance KwaRenault bazamile ukukhiqiza imoto yabo eyi-hybrid iKangoo Elect'road, kodwa bayeka ukukhiqiza ngemuva kwezimoto ezibalelwa ku-500.
В 2003-2004 iminyaka lesi ukuphela kwe-EV1. I-GM izobuyisela zonke izimoto ngayinye ngayinye ukuze izicekele phansi naphezu kwemibhikisho eminingi.
В 2006 ngonyaka uChris Payne ukhiphe idokhumentari enesihloko esithi " Ubani obulale imoto kagesi?" ehlaziya ukukhuphuka nokufa kwezimoto zikagesi ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-90s. Igxile kumodeli ye-GM EV1.
Ngawo lowo nyaka I-Tesla Motors okokuqala ngqa yethule i-Roadster eshintshwayo kagesi.
В 2007 kwakusenezimoto zikagesi ezingu-100 000 ezazisatshalaliswa e-United States.
С 2008 kuya ku-2010 Umenzi wezimoto waseCalifornia Tesla Motors Inc. wakhiqiza imoto yakhe yezemidlalo kagesi UTesla Roadster .
В 2009 IMitsubishi Motors yethule i-i-Miev eJapan. Ngokubambisana nomkhiqizi waseJapan i-PSA, iPeugeot Citroën yethula abazala baseYurophu uMiev, I-Peugeot ion (2009) i ICitroën C-Zero (2010).
NgoMashi wonyaka ofanayo, uVincent Bollore umemezele ukukhululwa kokuqashwa kwemoto kwanyanga zonke ngo-2010. I-Pininfarina Blue Car lingama-330 Euro.
В 2009 KwaRenault bethule imoto yabo yokuqala esebenza ngogesi Fluence Z.E. isekelwe ku-Renault Mégane III. Amamodeli alandelwa u-Twizy (2011), Kangoo ZE (2011) kanye no-Zoe (2012).
Unyaka we-2010 kwaphawula ukuzalwa kwebhentshimakhi kagesi, iNissan Leaf, okwakuzoba imoto kagesi edayisa kakhulu emhlabeni iminyaka eyishumi.
В Unyaka we-2012 U-Tesla ukhululiwe imodeli S ezemidlalo sedan. Bese kulandela iSUV Isibonelo X (2015) kanye nesedan yomndeni Isibonelo se-3 (2017).
