ihlaya lamakhemikhali
Izinkomba ze-Acid-base ziyizinhlanganisela ezishintsha imibala ehlukene kuye nge-pH yendawo. Ezintweni eziningi zalolu hlobo, sizokhetha ipheya elizokuvumela ukuthi wenze ukuhlola okubonakala kungenakwenzeka.
Eminye imibala iyakhiwa uma sihlanganisa eminye imibala. Kodwa ingabe sizoba luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngokuhlanganisa okubomvu nokubomvu? Futhi ngokuphambene nalokho: obomvu kusukela ekuhlanganiseni okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka? Wonke umuntu uzothi cha. Noma ubani, kodwa hhayi usokhemisi, lo msebenzi ongeke ube yinkinga kuye. Okudingayo i-asidi, isisekelo, inkomba ebomvu yaseCongo, namaphepha e-litmus abomvu naluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.. Lungiselela izixazululo ezine-acidic kumabhikha (isb ngokungeza i-hydrochloric acid HCl encane emanzini) kanye nezixazululo eziyisisekelo (isixazululo se-sodium hydroxide, i-NaOH).
Ngemva kokungeza amaconsi ambalwa esixazululo esibomvu saseCongo (isithombe 1), okuqukethwe kwezitsha kushintsha umbala: i-asidi iba luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, i-alkaline ebomvu (isithombe 2). Gcobhoza iphepha le-litmus eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kwikhambi eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (Pic 3) bese ukhipha iphepha le-litmus elibomvu (Pic 4). Uma ucwiliswa kwisisombululo esibomvu, iphepha le-litmus elibomvu (isithombe 5) lishintsha umbala walo ube luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (isithombe 6). Ngakho, siye safakazela ukuthi usokhemisi angenza "okungenakwenzeka" (isithombe 7)!
Isihluthulelo sokuqonda isilingo ukushintsha kombala wazo zombili izinkomba. I-Congo ebomvu iphenduka ibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuzixazululo ezine-asidi futhi ibe bomvu kuzixazululo ze-alkaline. I-Litmus isebenza ngenye indlela: inombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ezisekelweni futhi ibomvu ngama-asidi.
Ukucwiliswa kwephepha eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (i-napkin efakwe kwisisombululo se-alkaline se-litmus; esetshenziselwa ukunquma indawo ene-acidic) esixazululweni se-hydrochloric acid kushintsha umbala wephepha ube bomvu. Futhi njengoba okuqukethwe engilazini kwakuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (umphumela wokwengeza i-Congo ebomvu kuqala), singaphetha ngokuthi blue + blue = red! Ngokufanayo: iphepha elibomvu (iphepha lokusula elifakwe isixazululo esine-asidi se-litmus; lisetshenziselwa ukubona indawo ene-alkali) esixazululweni se-caustic soda liphenduka libe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Uma ngaphambilini ungeze isixazululo se-Congo ebomvu engilazini, ungarekhoda umphumela wokuhlolwa: obomvu + obomvu = oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
