I-GPS. Yini? Ukufakwa kuma-smartphones, ama-navigator, njll.

I-GPS iyisistimu yesathelayithi ekuvumela ukuthi unqume indawo eqondile yomuntu noma into. Igama layo limele i-Global Positioning System, noma, ngesiRashiya, uhlelo lokumisa umhlaba. Namuhla, cishe wonke umuntu uzwile ngakho, futhi abaningi basebenzisa le nkonzo njalo.

Ukuthi isebenza kanjani

Uhlelo lwamasathelayithi, ngosizo okunqunywa izixhumanisi, lwabizwa nge-NAVSTAR. Iqukethe amasathelayithi angama-24 angamamitha amahlanu angama-787-kilogram azungeza emigudwini eyisithupha. Isikhathi sokuphenduka okukodwa kwesathelayithi amahora ayi-12. Ngayinye yazo ifakwe iwashi le-athomu elinemba kakhulu, ithuluzi lokufaka ikhodi kanye nesidlulisi esinamandla. Ngaphezu kwamasathelayithi, iziteshi zokulungisa umhlabathi zisebenza ohlelweni.

Umgomo wokusebenza kwesistimu ulula kakhulu. Ukuze uqonde kangcono, udinga ukucabanga ngendiza enamaphuzu amathathu ahlelwe kuyo, indawo eyaziwa ngokunembile. Ukwazi ibanga ukusuka kulelo nalelo phuzu ukuya entweni (isamukeli se-GPS), ungakwazi ukubala izixhumanisi zayo. Yiqiniso, lokhu kungenzeka kuphela uma amaphuzu engekho emgqeni ofanayo oqondile.

Isixazululo sejometri senkinga sibukeka kanje: nxazonke zephuzu ngalinye kuyadingeka ukudweba umbuthano nge-radius elingana nebanga ukusuka kuyo ukuya entweni. Indawo yomamukeli kuzoba indawo lapho yomithathu imibuthano ihlangana khona. Ngale ndlela, ungakwazi ukunquma izixhumanisi kuphela endizeni enezingqimba. Uma futhi ufuna ukwazi ukuphakama ngaphezu kolwandle, udinga ukusebenzisa isathelayithi yesine. Bese uzungeze iphuzu ngalinye udinga ukudweba hhayi indilinga, kodwa i-sphere.

Ohlelweni lwe-GPS, lo mbono uyasetshenziswa. I-satellite ngayinye, ngokusekelwe kusethi yemingcele, inquma izixhumanisi zayo futhi izidlulisele ngendlela yesignali. Icubungula amasignali kanyekanye ukusuka kumasathelayithi amane, isamukeli se-GPS sinquma ibanga eliya ngakunye ngokulibaziseka kwesikhathi, futhi ngokusekelwe kule datha, sibala izixhumanisi zaso.

Ukutholakala

Abasebenzisi akudingeki bakhokhele le sevisi. Kwanele ukuthenga idivayisi ekwazi ukubona izimpawu zesathelayithi. Kodwa ungakhohlwa ukuthi i-GPS yasungulwa ngokwezidingo ze-United States Army. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, yatholakala esidlangalaleni, kodwa iPentagon yayigodle ilungelo lokukhawulela ukusetshenziswa kohlelo nganoma yisiphi isikhathi.

Izinhlobo zomamukeli

Ngokohlobo lokusebenza, izamukeli ze-GPS zingazimele zodwa noma zenzelwe ukuxhunywa kwamanye amadivaysi. Amadivayisi ohlobo lokuqala abizwa ngokuthi ama-navigator. Kungosi yethu ye-vodi.su, sesivele sibuyekeze amamodeli adumile ka-2015. Inhloso yabo ekhethekile ukuzulazula. Ngokungeziwe kumamukeli ngokwaso, amatilosi nawo anesikrini kanye nedivayisi yokugcina lapho amamephu alayishwa khona.

Amadivayisi ohlobo lwesibili amabhokisi aphezulu aklanyelwe ukuxhuma kumakhompyutha aphathekayo noma amathebulethi. Ukuthenga kwabo kuyathetheleleka uma umsebenzisi esenayo i-PDA. Amamodeli anamuhla anikeza izinketho ezahlukene zokuxhuma (isibonelo, nge-Bluetooth noma ikhebula).

Ngokusho kobubanzi, kanye nenani, amaqembu ama-4 abemukeli angahlukaniswa:

• izamukeli zomuntu siqu (ezihloselwe ukusetshenziswa ngabanye). Zincane ngosayizi, zingase zibe nemisebenzi ehlukahlukene eyengeziwe, ngaphezu kwaleyo yangempela yokuhamba (ukubala umzila, i-imeyili, njll.), inomzimba owenziwe ngenjoloba, futhi inokumelana nomthelela;
• izamukeli zezimoto (ezifakwe ezimotweni, zidlulisele imininingwane ku-dispatcher);
• izamukeli zasolwandle (ezinesethi ethile yemisebenzi: i-ultrasonic echo sounder, amamephu ogwini, njll.);
• izamukeli zezindiza (ezisetshenziselwa ukuhlola izindiza).

Uhlelo lwe-GPS lukhululekile ukusetshenziswa, lusebenza cishe kuwo wonke umhlaba (ngaphandle kwe-Arctic latitudes), futhi lunokunemba okuphezulu (amakhono obuchwepheshe avumela ukwehlisa iphutha libe amasentimitha ambalwa). Ngenxa yalezi zimfanelo, ukuthandwa kwayo kuphezulu kakhulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kunezinye izinhlelo zokubeka (isibonelo, i-GLONASS yethu yaseRussia).

Iyalayisha...