Hydro compensators - kuyini
Injini iyashisa ngesikhathi sokusebenza, okuholela ekwandeni kwemvelo kwezingxenye zensimbi. Abaqambi bacabangela lesi sici ngakho-ke bashiya izikhala ezikhethekile ezishisayo. Kodwa-ke, esinye isici senjini ukuguga kancane kancane kwezingxenye, ngokulandelana, izikhala zanda futhi sibona izici ezingezinhle njengokuncipha kwamandla, ukwehla kokucindezela, ukwanda kokusetshenziswa kukawoyela nokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli, nokucekelwa phansi kancane kancane kwezingxenye zenjini.
Isici esibalulekile sanoma iyiphi injini evuthayo kaphethiloli yangaphakathi yindlela yokusabalalisa igesi.
Izakhi zayo eziyinhloko:
- i-camshaft enamakhamera afakwe kuwo;
- ama-valve wokungenisa nokukhipha;
- ama-valve lifters;
- i-camshaft pulley (ishayela i-shaft ngenxa yebhande lesikhathi).
Sibale izakhi eziyinhloko kuphela, kodwa empeleni ziningi. Ingqikithi yesikhathi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-camshaft izungeza ngokuhambisana ne-crankshaft, amakhamera acindezela ngokushintshana kuma-pusher (noma izingalo ze-rocker), futhi wona, abeka ama-valve ukuba anyakaze.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kuvela izikhala phakathi kwezindawo zokusebenza ze-camshaft, ama-pusher (noma izingalo ze-rocker ezinjini ezimise okwe-V). Ukuze banxephezele, babevame ukusebenzisa imodi yokulungisa elula besebenzisa amamaki akhethekile nama-wrenches. Kwadingeka ngilungise izikhala ngokoqobo njalo ngezinkulungwane eziyi-10-15 km.
Kuze kube manje, le nkinga isinyamalele ngenxa yokusungulwa kanye nokusetshenziswa kabanzi kwezinxephezelo ze-hydraulic.
Idivayisi kanye nesimiso sokusebenza kwe-hydraulic compensator
Kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa eziyisisekelo zama-hydraulic lifter eziklanyelwe ukusebenza ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zesikhathi (ngamapusher, izingalo ze-rocker noma ukufakwa kwe-camshaft ephansi). Kodwa idivayisi ngokwayo kanye nesimiso sokusebenza kuyafana ngokuyisisekelo.
Izinto eziyinhloko ze-compensator ye-hydraulic:
- i-plunger pair (ibhola, intwasahlobo, umkhono we-plunger);
- umzila wokufaka uwoyela kusinxephezelo;
- umzimba.
I-compensator ifakwe ekhanda le-cylinder endaweni ekhethiwe ngokukhethekile. Kungenzeka futhi ukuzifaka ezinhlotsheni ezindala zezinjini lapho ukufakwa kwazo kunganikezwanga.
Isimiso sokusebenza silula. Ikhamera ye-camshaft inomumo ongajwayelekile. Uma engacindezeli ku-pusher, igebe phakathi kwabo liyakhula. Kulo mzuzu, i-plunger spring icindezela i-valve ye-plunger namafutha avela ohlelweni lokugcoba angena ku-compensator, ingxenye esebenzayo yesinxephezelo ikhuphuka kancane, ibeka i-pusher in motion futhi igebe phakathi kwekhamera ne-pusher liyanyamalala.
Lapho i-camshaft yenza uguquko futhi ikhamera iqala ukulayisha i-pusher, ingxenye esebenzayo yesinxephezelo se-hydraulic iqala ukwehla kuze kube yilapho isiteshi sokunikezwa kwamafutha sivinjiwe. Ngokuvumelana nalokho, ingcindezi ngaphakathi kwesinxephezelo iyanda futhi idluliselwa esiqwini se-valve yenjini.
Ngakho-ke, ngenxa yezinxephezelo, ukungabikho kwezikhala kuqinisekiswa. Uma usacabanga ukuthi konke lokhu kwenzeka ngesivinini esikhulu - kuze kufike ku-6 XNUMX ukuguquguquka ngomzuzu - khona-ke ngokuzenzakalelayo kukhona ukutuswa ukuthi ukusungulwa okulula okunjalo kungaqeda inkinga yokukhishwa kumshini we-valve.
Kwakungenxa yokwethulwa kwezinxephezelo ze-hydraulic ukuthi kwakungenzeka ukufeza izinzuzo ezinjalo zezinjini ezintsha kunendala:
- asikho isidingo sokuhlala ulungisa ukucaciswa kwe-valve;
- ukusebenza kwenjini sekuthambile futhi kuthule;
- inani lemithwalo yokushaqeka kuma-valve kanye ne-camshaft yehlile.
Ububi obuncane bokusebenzisa iziphakamisi ezinama-hydraulic wuphawu lokungqongqoza olungazwakala emizuzwaneni yokuqala yokuqala injini ebandayo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukucindezela kwamafutha ohlelweni ayanele, futhi izinkomba zokucindezela ezifunwayo zifinyelelwa lapho uwoyela eshiswa ekushiseni okuthile futhi anda, egcwalisa imigodi yangaphakathi yabakhokhisi.
Izinkinga eziyinhloko zama-hydraulic lifters
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi i-plunger pair of compensator iyithuluzi elinembile kakhulu. Igebe phakathi komkhono ne-plunger ama-microns ambalwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isiteshi sokukhipha uwoyela sincane kakhulu ngobubanzi. Ngakho-ke, lezi zindlela zizwela kakhulu izinga lamafutha. Baqala ukungqongqoza futhi bahluleke uma amafutha ekhwalithi ephansi ethelwa enjinini, noma uma iqukethe inqwaba ye-slag, ukungcola, isihlabathi, njalonjalo.
Uma kukhona ukushiyeka ohlelweni lwe-lubrication ye-injini, khona-ke uwoyela ngeke ukwazi ukungena kuma-compensator, futhi kusukela kulokhu bazoshisa futhi bahluleke ngokushesha.
Ochwepheshe be-portal yezimoto vodi.su badonsela ukunaka kwakho eqinisweni lokuthi uma izinxephezelo ze-hydraulic zifakwe enjini, ngakho-ke akunconywa ukuyigcwalisa ngamafutha aphezulu-viscosity, njenge-mineral 15W40.
Uma ufaka noma ushintsha izinxephezelo, qiniseka ukuthi zigcwele amafutha. Ngokuvamile zithunyelwa kakade sezigcwele. Uma kunomoya ngaphakathi, khona-ke ukuminyana komoya kungase kwenzeke futhi umshini ngeke ukwazi ukwenza imisebenzi yawo.
Uma imoto isinesikhathi eside ingasebenzi, uwoyela ungase uvuze kubanxephezeli. Kulokhu, udinga ukuwapompa: vumela injini isebenze ngesivinini esingaguquki, bese ngesivinini esiguquguqukayo, bese ngokungenzi lutho - uwoyela uzoya kuma-compensators.
Kule vidiyo, uchwepheshe uzokhuluma ngedivayisi nemigomo yokusebenza kwama-hydraulic lifters.
Iyalayisha...
