Imoto eyiHybrid, isebenza kanjani?

Izimboni eziningi zicubungula izixazululo ezintsha zokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwe-CO2. Phakathi kwabo, umuntu akufanele asale ngemuva komkhakha wezimoto. Izimoto ezingama-Hybrid zadalwa ngenxa yentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe kanye nezidingo zemvelo. Kanjalo, ukukhiqizwa kwabo kuhlangabezana nezindinganiso eziqondile. Isici sabo sibuye sihlotshaniswe nendlela yabo yokusebenza, ehluke kakhulu kumishini enezinjini zokushisa.

Isifingqo

Iyini imoto eyi-hybrid?

Imoto eyi-hybrid imoto esebenza ngezinhlobo ezimbili zamandla: kagesi kanye ne-thermal. Ngakho-ke, ngaphansi kwe-hood yemoto yakho eyi-hybrid, uzothola izinjini ezimbili ezihlukene: injini yokushisa noma injini yomlilo kanye nenjini kagesi.

Lezi zimoto zidinga ukutshalwa kwezimali okubalulekile ekuthuthukisweni. Kumayelana nenani elikhulu lamandla adingekayo ezigabeni ezihlukahlukene zokukhiqiza. Ngokushintshanisa lezi zidingo, izimoto ezixubile zisebenzisa uphethiloli omncane (uphethiloli noma udizili) futhi azingcolisi kangako.

Yiziphi izigaba zezimoto ezihlanganisiwe?

Kuye kwathuthukiswa ubuchwepheshe obuhlukahlukene ukunikeza abashayeli izinhlobo eziningana zezimoto ezixubile. Ngakho-ke kukhona ama-hybrids akudala, ama-plug-in hybrids, nama-light-weight hybrids.

Izinto Okufanele Uzikhumbule Ngama-Classic Hybrid

Lezi zimoto zisebenza zisebenzisa isistimu eqondene ne-hybrid edinga izingxenye ezahlukahlukene zemoto yakho ukuthi zisebenze ndawonye.

Izinto ezi-4 ezakha ama-hybrid akudala 

Izimoto ze-Classic hybrid zenziwe ngezinto ezine eziyinhloko.

• Imoto kagesi

Injini kagesi ixhunywe amasondo emoto. Lokhu kuvumela imoto ukuthi ihambe ngesivinini esiphansi. Ngenxa yakhe, ibhethri lisebenza uma imoto ihamba ngesivinini esiphansi. Ngempela, lapho imoto ibhuleka, injini kagesi ibuyisa amandla e-kinetic bese iwaguqula ibe ugesi. Lo gesi ube usudluliselwa ebhethrini ukuze uyinike amandla.

• Injini yokushisa

Ixhunywe emasondweni futhi inikeza ukudonsa ngesivinini esikhulu emotweni. Iphinde ishaje ibhethri.

• Ibhetri

Ibhethri isetshenziselwa ukugcina amandla nokuwasabalalisa kabusha. Izingxenye ezithile zemoto eyingxube zidinga ugesi ukuze zenze imisebenzi yazo. Ikakhulukazi, lokhu kusebenza ku-motor kagesi.

I-voltage yebhethri incike kumodeli yemoto yakho. Amanye amamodeli afakwe amabhethri omthamo omkhulu. Ngabo, ungakwazi ukujabulela i-motor kagesi ebangeni elide, okungeke kube njalo namanye amamodeli asebenzisa amandla aphansi.

• Ikhompyutha ebhodini

Iwumgogodla wesistimu. Ikhompyutha ixhunywe kumamotho. Lokhu kumvumela ukuthi athole umsuka kanye nemvelo yamandla ngamunye. Iphinde ilinganise amandla ayo bese iphinde isabalalise ngokwezidingo zezingxenye ezahlukene zemoto kanye nokuba khona kwamandla. Ihlinzeka ngokuncishiswa kokusetshenziswa kwamandla ashisayo ngokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwenjini yokushisa.

Udinga usizo ukuze uqalise?

Isebenza kanjani imoto eyi-hybrid yakudala?

Indlela yokusebenza yemoto eyi-hybrid yakudala iyahlukahluka kuye ngesivinini sakho sokushayela.

Ngesivinini esincishisiwe

Izinjini zokushisa zinedumela lokudla uphethiloli lapho ushayela ezindaweni zasemadolobheni noma ngesivinini esinciphile. Eqinisweni, ngalesi sikhathi, injini kagesi yakhelwe ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli. Kufanele uqaphele ukuthi ngaphansi kuka-50 km/h, ikhompuyutha esebhodini ivala injini yokushisa yemoto yakho ukuze iqale injini kagesi. Lokhu kuvumela imoto yakho ukuthi isebenze ngogesi.

Nokho, lo mshini udinga isimo esisodwa: ibhethri lakho kufanele lishajwe ngokwanele! Ngaphambi kokuvala injini yokushisa, ikhompuyutha ihlaziya inani likagesi otholakalayo bese inquma ukuthi ingakwazi yini ukwenza kusebenze injini kagesi.

Isigaba sokusheshisa

Kwesinye isikhathi, izinjini ezimbili emotweni yakho eyi-hybrid zisebenza ngesikhathi esisodwa. Lokhu kuzoba njalo ezimweni lapho kudingeka umzamo omkhulu emotweni yakho, njengalapho ijubane elikhulu noma lapho ushayela endaweni eyimmango. Ezimweni ezinjalo, ikhompuyutha ikala amandla emoto yakho. Ube eseqala izinjini ezimbili ukuze ahlangabezane nalesi sidingo esikhulu samandla.

Ngejubane eliphezulu kakhulu

Ngesivinini esikhulu kakhulu, injini yokushisa iqala futhi injini kagesi iyacisha.

Lapho wehlisa ijubane futhi uyama

Uma wehlisa ijubane, injini yokushisa iyacisha. I-Regenerative braking ivumela amandla e-kinetic ukuthi abuyiselwe. La mandla e-kinetic aguqulwa abe amandla kagesi ngenjini kagesi. Futhi, njengoba sibonile ngenhla, la mandla asetshenziselwa ukushajwa kabusha ibhethri.

Kodwa uma imiswa, zonke izinjini ziyacishwa. Kulokhu, isistimu kagesi yemoto inikwa amandla ibhethri. Lapho imoto iqalwa kabusha, injini kagesi iqalwa kabusha.

Izimoto ezixhumene ne-plug-in: yini okudingeka ukwazi?

Imoto eyi-hybrid iyimoto enebhethri elikhulu kakhulu. Lolu hlobo lwebhethri lunamandla kakhulu kunamahybrids avamile.

I-hybrid ekwazi ukushajwa futhi inenjini yokushisa kanye nenjini kagesi. Nokho, ukuzimela kwebhethri layo kuyivumela ukuthi ikwazi ukunika amandla injini kagesi ebangeni elide. Leli banga liyahluka ukusuka ku-20 kuya ku-60 km, kuya ngohlobo lwemoto. Noma ifakwe injini yokushisa, ungasebenzisa i-plug-in hybrid nsuku zonke ngaphandle kokusebenzisa injini kaphethiloli.

Le ndlela ekhethekile yokusebenza idlala ngamandla okushayela ama-plug-in hybrids. Ngokujwayelekile leli banga lisuka ku-3 kuya ku-4km uma liqhathaniswa nobubanzi bemoto eyi-hybrid. Kodwa-ke, izimoto ze-plug-in hybrid zisebenza ngendlela efanayo nama-hybrids avamile.

Kunezigaba ezimbili ezihlukene zama-hybrids kagesi. Lawa ama-PHEV hybrids kanye nama-EREV hybrids.

Izinhlobo ze-PHEV

Izimoto eziyingxubevange ezishajwa kabusha i-PHEV (Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles) ziyehluka ngokuthi zingashajwa endaweni kagesi. Ngale ndlela, ungakwazi ukushaja imoto yakho khona kanye ekhaya, esikhumulweni somphakathi noma emsebenzini wakho. Lezi zimoto zifana kakhulu nezimoto zikagesi. Zibuye zibonakale njengoshintsho ukusuka ezithombeni ezishisayo ukuya ezimotweni zikagesi.

EREV izimoto ezixubile

Izinhlobonhlobo ezitshajwa kabusha i-EREV (izimoto zikagesi ezinobubanzi obunwetshiwe) izimoto ezixhaswe yinjini kagesi. I-thermopile inikeza amandla kuphela kujeneretha lapho ibhethri idinga ukushajwa kabusha. Bese igcina ukushajwa kwayo ngenxa ye-alternator encane. Lolu hlobo lwemoto lukuvumela ukuthi uthole ukuzimela okwengeziwe.

Ezinye Izinzuzo kanye Nebubi Izimoto Hybrid

Uma kunezinzuzo zokusebenzisa imoto eyi-hybrid, njengoba ungacabanga, kukhona nezinkinga ...

Yiziphi izinzuzo zemoto eyi-hybrid?

• Ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli

Izimoto ezihlanganisiwe zenzelwe ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli noma udizili. Ngenxa yezinjini zayo ezimbili, imoto eyihybrid isebenzisa amandla amancane kunemoto yenjini evuthayo.

• Imoto ehambisana nemvelo

Izimoto ezihlanganisiwe zikhipha i-CO2 encane. Lokhu kungenxa yemoto kagesi, enciphisa ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli.

• Izaphulelo kwezinye zezintela zakho

Izinhlaka eziningi zigqugquzela ukusetshenziswa kwezimoto eziyingxubevange. Kanjalo, abanye abahlinzeki bomshwalense bangakunikeza izaphulelo kunkontileka yakho uma ushayela ingxubevange.

• Induduzo ephawulekayo

Ngejubane eliphansi noma ngokwehla, izimoto ezixubile zishayela buthule. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi injini yokushisa ayisebenzi. Lezi zimoto zisiza ekunciphiseni ukungcoliswa komsindo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimoto ezihlanganisiwe azinayo i-clutch pedal. Lokhu kukhulula umshayeli kuyo yonke imingcele yokuguqula amagiya.

• Ukusimama kwezimoto ezihlanganisiwe

Izimoto ezihlanganisiwe zibonise ukuqina nokuqina okuhle kuze kube manje. Nakuba sekunesikhathi eside esetshenziswa, amabhethri asaqhubeka nokugcina amandla. Nokho, ukusebenza kwebhethri kuyehla ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lokhu kunciphisa umthamo wayo wokugcina. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi lokhu kwehla kokusebenza kungaqashelwa kuphela ngemuva kokusetshenziswa isikhathi eside.

• Ukunciphisa izindleko zokulungisa

Izimoto ezixubile zikongela izindleko zokulungisa ezibizayo. Phela, ukuklama kwabo kucacile, ngakho-ke kudinga ukunakekelwa okukhethekile ... Isibonelo, abahlonyelwe ibhande lesikhathi, noma isiqalisi, noma ibhokisi legiya. Lezi zakhi zivame ukudala izinkinga ezincane ngezinjini zokushisa, ezivame ukuholela ezindlekweni eziphezulu zokulungisa.

• Ibhonasi yemvelo

Ukukhuthaza umphakathi ukuthi uthenge izimoto ezibizwa ngokuthi "ezihlanzekile", uhulumeni wenze ibhonasi yemvelo evumela abathengi ukuthi bathole usizo olufika ku-€ 7 lapho bethenga imoto eyingxubevange. Kodwa-ke, le bhonasi ingatholakala kuphela ngokuthengwa kwemoto kagesi ene-hydrogen noma, kithi, i-plug-in hybrid. Ngemoto eyi-plug-in hybrid, ukukhishwa kwe-CO000 akumele kudlule u-2 g/km CO50 futhi ububanzi kumodi kagesi kufanele bube ngaphezu kuka-2 km.

Qaphela: Kusukela ngomhlaka-1 Julayi 2021, le bhonasi yemvelo izokwehliswa ngo-€ 1000, isuka ku-€ 7000 iye ku-€6000.

• Ayikho imikhawulo yethrafikhi

Izimoto eziyingxubevange, njengezimoto zikagesi, azithintwa imikhawulo yethrafikhi ebekwe ngesikhathi seziqongo zokungcoliswa komoya.

Izinkinga zokusebenzisa izimoto ezihlanganisiwe

• Izindleko

Idizayini yezimoto eziyingxubevange idinga isabelomali esiphezulu kunomklamo wenjini evuthayo. Ngakho-ke, intengo yokuthengwa kwezimoto ezihlanganisiwe iphezulu. Kodwa zonke izindleko zobunikazi ziyathandeka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngoba umnikazi wemoto eyi-hybrid uzosebenzisa uphethiloli omncane futhi abe nezindleko eziphansi zokuyilungisa. 

• Isikhala sekhabhinethi esilinganiselwe

Okunye okubi abasebenzisi “abakubheka njengokushoda kwesikhala kwamanye amamodeli. Kufanele kube nendawo yamabhethri, futhi abanye abaklami behlisa ivolumu yamakesi abo ukuze bawafake kalula.

• Kuthuleke

Uma ungumuntu ohamba ngezinyawo, kulula kakhulu ukuzibuza ngama-hybrids. Uma imile noma ijubane elincane, imoto yenza umsindo omncane kakhulu. Namuhla, noma kunjalo, ama-alamu azwakalayo abahamba ngezinyawo acushwa ngesivinini ukusuka ku-1 kuye ku-30 ​​km / h: akukho okunye okumele ukwesaba!