Ungqondongqondo wasePoland, ongowokuzalwa ePoland - uStefan Kudelski

Wayebizwa ngenkosi yokuphila, hhayi ngaphandle komona. Imfundo yakhe yobuhlakani nokuxhumana okubanzi phakathi kwabazali bakhe kwamnika isiqalo esiyingqayizivele, kodwa wayesezuze impumelelo yakhe. Impumelelo emkhakheni wezogesi imlethele ingcebo nemiklomelo eminingi, okuhlanganisa nama-Oscars amane nama-Emmy amabili.

Indodana yabafuduki bezempi, Stefan Kudelskiyakhe enye yemishini yokurekhoda ehamba phambili, yathuthukisa ukuvumelanisa okunembile komsindo nefilimu kanye neziqophamazwi ezincane eziphathwayo.

I-Patent kamama

Wazalelwa eWarsaw, lapho afika khona I-Lviv Polytechnic uyise uTadeusz, uCasimir Bartel, undunankulu wohulumeni abahlanu bangaphambi kwempi. E-villa yomndeni wakwaKudelski eMokotów bavakashela, ikakhulukazi, umakhi weGdynia Eugeniusz Kwiatkowski, uGeneral Kazimierz Sosnkowski kanye noMongameli waseWarsaw uStefan Starzynski baze baba onkulunkulu bakaStefan omncane. Ngamaholide ehlobo, unina kaStefan u-Irena wathatha uStefan e-Bugatti yakhe edolobheni lakubo eStanisławow, lapho izakhiwo eziningi zedolobha ze-Art Nouveau zaklanywa umkhulu kaStefan, umdwebi wezakhiwo uJan Tomasz Kudelski.

KwakuseStanislavov (manje eyi-Ivano-Frankivsk, e-Ukraine) lapho uStefan abanjwa khona ukuqhuma. IMpi Yezwe Yesibili. Ekanye nabazali bakhe, belandela umzila kahulumeni wasePoland wokufuduka, ngokushesha walishiya leli zwe walibangisa eFrance. Umndeni nawo kwadingeka ubaleke lapho uTadeusz evezwa njengelungu lomzabalazo wamaFrance. Baphephela eSwitzerland engathathi hlangothi, lapho uStefan ekwazi ukuya esikoleni futhi futhi enze izinto zakhe zokuqala.

Konke kwaqala ngewashi laseSwitzerland. Umama wanquma ukusebenzisa amakhono endodana yakhe ukuze aqongelele imali yokondla umndeni. Eshabhuni eyasungulwa abazali bakhe, u-Stephane osemusha wahlanganisa amawashi aseSwitzerland ezingxenyeni ezithile, wabe esewaphatha ngobhaka wawela umngcele oluhlaza uya eFrance.

Ngesikhathi sakhe samahhala, uStefan wasebenza kumaphrojekthi akhe. Umphumela wokuzilibazisa kwakhe kwasebusheni kwaba, phakathi kwezinye izinto, imishini yokuhlanza umoya othulini kusetshenziswa ijeneretha yefrikhwensi ephezulu kanye nethuluzi lokulinganisa ukunemba kwamawashi kusetshenziswa ama-oscillator e-quartz kanye nokusungulwa kokuqala okunelungelo lobunikazi - idivayisi yokulinganisa amawashi. UStefan wasungula leli thuluzi lapho eneminyaka engu-15 noma engu-16 ubudala. Osemusha akakwazanga ukwenza ilungelo lobunikazi lokusungulwa ngaphansi kwegama lakhe, ngakho unina u-Irena waba umbhali nomnikazi wamalungelo akhe obunikazi bokuqala.

Amarekhodi okurekhoda awine i-Oscar

Ngo-1948 u-Stéphane, owathweswa iziqu e-Ecole Florimond e-Geneva, waqala ukufundela ubunjiniyela be-physics e-Federal Polytechnic University of Lausanne. Wayengajabule, ngoba wayefuna ukufunda e-USA, eMassachusetts Institute of Technology ehlonishwa kakhulu. Kodwa isabelomali somndeni esilinganiselwe asizange sivumele amaphupho afezeke. Ngokushesha, inhlanganisela yezimo yangenela empilweni yomsunguli osemusha. Njengawo wonke umfundi wasenyuvesi, wayethanda izinto ezintsha zobuchwepheshe. Ngesikhathi engena ekolishi, umsakazo wawungaseyona into entsha. UStefan wengamele umsebenzi wabasakazi bomsakazo baseSwitzerland, abaletha amaloli anemishini yokuqopha emikhulu esika ama-grooves kumadiski alalelwayo endabuko. Emangele, ebuka le mishini engajwayelekile. Waqaphela ngokushesha ukuthi ukunciphisa ubukhulu bayo kungaba yinto emisha ebalulekile.

Wacela imali kuyise ukuze asebenzise imibono yakhe, kodwa wenqaba imali ebolekiwe, wanikeza indodana yakhe igaraji njengendawo yokusebenzela enkulu. Ngemva kweminyaka emibili UStefan wayeka isikole. Wanquma ukuthi wazi ngokwanele ulwazi olujwayelekile kanye nokulondolozwa kwayo. Umemezele kubazali bakhe ukuthi ngeke amoshe isikhathi ngokuqhubeka nemfundo futhi useyaqala ukusebenzisa lo mshini, ethi kukhona ongawuklama. Emashumini eminyaka kamuva, u-alma mater wakhe uzoklomelisa u-Kudelsky ngeziqu zobudokotela ezihlonishwayo ngokuqaphela amagalelo akhe kwezobuchwepheshe.

Umklami wabona izinhlelo zakhe zokuvelela futhi waphuma emqhudelwaneni. Ngo-1951 wathola ilungelo lobunikazi bakhe isiqophi sezwi sokuqala esiphathwayo esilingana nebhokisi lezicathuloayiqambe igama "Indondo"ebhekise olimini lwesiPolish. Kwakuyirekhoda ye-tube ye-tape yokuzenzela ene-spring-loaded tape recorder. Idivayisi ithengwe iRadio Genève ngemali eshisiwe yamafranc angu-1000.

Le mali yanele ukuyivula inkampani "Kudelski" endaweni yaseLausanne. Ngemva konyaka, ngo-1952, isiqophamazwi se-Nagra sazuza umklomelo wokuqala emqhudelwaneni wamazwe ngamazwe we-CIMES (Concours International du Meilleur Enregistrement Sonore) e-Lausanne. Futhi ngawo lowo nyaka, imodeli eklonyelisiwe yathathwa yiqembu labaqwali baseSwitzerland ohambweni oluya e-Everest. Nakuba kungafinyelelwanga esiqongweni, imishini yavivinywa ngaphansi kwezimo ezinzima zezintaba.

U-Kudelski wayehlale esebenza ekuthuthukiseni ubuciko bakhe. Wanakekela ukwenziwa ngokucophelela nokuthembeka kwamadivayisi.. Uma izingxenye ezithile zingahlangabezani nezidingo zobuchwepheshe, abasebenzi kwakudingeka bazenzele izinto ezingekho khona lapho, bebodwa. Kwavela ukuthi kwaba ukusungulwa kwempumelelo. I-Tape rekhoda i-Nagra III, eyagunyazwa ngo-1957. Bekuyirekhoda yeteyipu yokuqala ephathekayo enekhwalithi yokurekhoda eqhathaniswa neyestudiyo.

Ithuluzi elinamandla ebhethri, elilawulwa nge-elekthronikhi isivinini sebhande ezigubhu, ngokushesha yaba ithuluzi lokusebenza eliyintandokazi lomsakazo, izintatheli ze-TV nabakhi bamafilimu. Ngo-1959, ukuqoshwa kwenza ifilimu yakho yokuqala lapho umqondisi uMarcel Camus esebenzisa okokusebenza kukaKudelski ngesikhathi kuqoshwa iBlack Orpheus. Inguqulo ye-NP Nagra III ingavumelanisa umsindo nesithombe sefilimu, okusho ukuthi isitudiyo singanciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza futhi sisuse isidingo sokuthwala izinto ezisindayo nezinzima.

Eminyakeni ezayo, cishe zonke izitudiyo zefilimu zizosebenzisa amarekhodi e-Nagra; isibonelo, uhambo lwango-1965 lukaBob Dylan olwasetshenziswa kamuva kwifilimu ethi Ungabheki Emuva lwaqoshwa kusetshenziswa imishini kaKudelski.

Uhlelo lweNagra lwamlethela okuningi ngangokunokwenzeka ngokuphelele Izindondo ezine ze-Academy: Izindondo ezimbili zeSayensi Nobuchwepheshe (ngo-1965 nango-1977) kanye nezindondo ezimbili ze-Academy (1978 no-1990) kanye nezindondo ezimbili ze-Music Industry Emmy Awards (1984 kanye no-1986).

Kusukela eNyangeni kuya phansi kweMariana Trench

Izinkonzo ezikhethekile nazo zaba nesithakazelo kumarekhoda e-Kudelsky. Ukuphatha kukaMongameli wase-US uJohn F. Kennedy kwabeka umyalo "okhethekile" wokuqala. Bacele u-Kudelsky izinguqulo ezincane zamarekhoda e-reel-to-reel tape. Lena indlela okuthiwa uchungechunge olumnyama lwamarekhoda ama-ejenti kanye ne-White House; amadivaysi asebenzisana nombhobho omncane ongafihlwa, isibonelo, ewashini. Ukugcwaliseka kwalo myalelo kwavula yonke iminyango yenkampani yaseKudelsky, wonke umuntu wayefuna amarekhodi e-tape e-Nagra. Ngo-1960, umdwebi wezilwandle waseSwitzerland u-Jacques Picard, ilungu leqembu le-American submersible Trieste, wethula okurekhodiwe phansi kwe-Mariana Trench, futhi eminyakeni eyisishiyagalolunye kamuva, u-Neil Armstrong wasebenzisa insimbi ye-Kudelski ngenkathi ethatha isinyathelo sakhe sokuqala esikebheni. inyanga.

Imodeli ye-Nagra SNS yethulwa, phakathi kokunye, ubufakazi obubalulekile behlazo le-Watergate elibangele ukuthi uMongameli waseMelika uRichard Nixon ashiye isikhundla. Inkampani kaKudelski ngaleso sikhathi isivele ilawula amaphesenti angama-90. imakethe yomsindo yomhlaba wonke. Ngo-1977, uStefan Kudelski waqala ukukhiqiza ama-nagrafax, amathuluzi okuthola amamephu wesimo sezulu ngezidingo zebutho lasolwandle. Izinto zangempela ze-Nagra zathengiswa kwabangebona ochwepheshe ngaphansi kohlobo oluhlukile, ngokwesibonelo, njengamadivayisi we-Sony noma nelogo ye-German concern AEG (Telefunken).

3. Indlunkulu yeqembu le-Kudelski e-Chezo-sur-

- Lozan

U-Kudelski ucabangele i-Ampex Nagra VPR 5 magnetoscope njengenye yezimpumelelo zakhe ezibaluleke kakhulu. umsebenzi wokuqopha ikhamera nokulalelwayo. Lesi sisetshenziswa esisezingeni eliphezulu sakhiwe ngokubambisana ne-Ampex, futhi inselele kwakuwukujwayelanisa imishini nobuchwepheshe bedijithali. Lawa marekhodi asekelwe endleleni yokushaya ikhodi ye-pulse kanye nezixazululo ezintsha ezifana nememori ye-electronic.

Ngo-1991 uStefan Kudelsky wanikezela inkampani indodana yakhe u-Andre Kudelski. Yize inkampani isivule amaphiko ngaphansi kwabaphathi abasha, amarekhodi e-analog amadala, enziwe ngezandla futhi anembayo asanikezwa isevisi, athengwe futhi adayiswa kabusha yinkampani.

UStefan Kudelski ufakwe ohlwini oluhlonishwayo ngo-1998. Izihlakaniphi Ezinkulu ZaseSwitzerland eziyi-100. Ushone ngo-2013.