Ibhethri yejeli yezimoto - izinzuzo nezingozi
Kuningi osekushintshile emlandweni wemoto emshinini wayo. Kuvele izixazululo ezintsha zedizayini ezithathela indawo izinto ezingasasebenzi. Kodwa-ke, amashumi amaningi eminyaka, ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kwedlula umthombo wokunikezwa kwamandla ebhodini - ibhethri le-lead-acid. Kwakungekho ngempela isidingo esiphuthumayo salokhu, ngoba ibhethri yendabuko ihlale ihlangabezana ngokugcwele nezidingo futhi ukuklama kwayo kulula kakhulu.
Nokho, namuhla amabhethri amasha ohlobo lwejeli aseyatholakala kubashayeli. Ngandlela thize baphakeme kunowandulelayo, futhi ngezinye izindlela baphansi.
Ekuqaleni, amabhethri ejeli adalelwe imboni ye-aerospace. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amabhethri okuhola ajwayelekile awalungiswa kahle ukuze asebenze ngama-rolls nama-roll. Bekunesidingo sokudala ibhethri nge-electrolyte engeyona uketshezi.
Izici zebhethri ye-gel
Isici esiyinhloko sebhethri yejeli yi-electrolyte yayo. I-silicon dioxide yethulwa ekubunjweni kwesisombululo se-sulfuric acid, esinomthelela eqinisweni lokuthi uketshezi luthola isimo esifana nejeli. Isici esinjalo, ngakolunye uhlangothi, sivumela i-electrolyte ukuthi ihlale endaweni efanayo kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ibhethri lithambekele kanjani, futhi ngakolunye uhlangothi, ijeli isebenza njengohlobo lomswakama oludambisa ukudlidliza nokushaqeka.
Ibhethri yejeli ibonakala ngokukhipha igesi eyiziro. Lokhu kungenxa ye-doping yamapuleti angalungile ane-calcium. I-electrolyte ewugqinsi ayidingi isikhala samahhala phakathi kwamapuleti ukuze kukhishwe i-hydrogen.
Ngenxa yalokhu, kufanelekile ukuphawula izinzuzo ezimbili zebhethri yejeli ngesikhathi esisodwa:
- Njengoba amapuleti abekwe phakathi komunye nomunye ngegebe elincane, abaklami banethuba lokunciphisa ubukhulu bokunikezwa kwamandla, noma ukwandisa umthamo wayo.
- Lesi sici senza kube nokwenzeka ukwenza ikesi lebhethri livalwe ngokuphelele. Ngokuqondile, ivalwe kahle: wonke amabhange ebhethri afakwe ama-valve, ahlala evaliwe ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile, kodwa lapho eshajwa, igesi iphuma kuwo. Le ndlela ivikela umzimba ekubhujisweni ngesikhathi sokukhula kwegesi.
isithunzi
Kunjalo, kumshayeli olula wemoto, ikhono lebhethri ukusebenza kahle nanoma iyiphi i-engeli yokuthambekela kuyinto engaqondakali. Kodwa-ke, ibhethri yejeli inezinye izinzuzo ngaphandle kwalokhu.
Isidingo esiyinhloko sabashayeli abaningi bebhethri yikhono lokusebenza ngokukhipha okujulile. Kozakwabo bendabuko be-lead-acid, lapho i-voltage ebhange iyancipha ibe yizinga elincane, i-lead sulfate yakheka kumapuleti. Lokhu kunciphisa ukuminyana kwe-electrolyte, futhi i-coating emhlophe ibonakala kumapuleti. Kulokhu, ibhethri ayikwazi ukushajwa idivayisi evamile ezenzakalelayo: yamanje esetshenziswa yilo ayinamsebenzi ukuze idivayisi inqume umthwalo oxhunyiwe. Esimweni esinjalo, ibhethri idinga "ukuvuselelwa" ngama-pulses amanje anamandla ashisa i-electrolyte futhi aqale ukuwohloka kwe-sulfate.
Kodwa-ke, uma ibhethri elivamile likhishwe ngokubucayi, cishe akunakwenzeka ukulibuyisela ngokuphelele. Ebhethrini, umthamo kanye nokuphumayo kwamanje kuncipha kakhulu, izinhlayiya ezinkulu ze-sulfate ezigingqika ngokungenakulungiseka zinomthelela ekubhujisweni kwamapuleti.
Ingosi ye-vodi.su idonsela ukunaka kwakho eqinisweni lokuthi i-sulfation cishe ayikho ebhethri yejeli. Umthombo wamandla onjalo ungakhishwa ube uziro, futhi usazoshajwa ngokugcwele ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Lokhu kuyinto ebambekayo kubashayeli bezimoto uma imoto kufanele iqalwe “ngomoya wokugcina”.
Enye inzuzo ukuthi awekho amabhamuza egesi kumapuleti ebhethri yejeli. Lokhu kukhulisa kakhulu ukuthintana kwepuleti ne-electrolyte futhi kukhulisa ukukhishwa kwamanje kwebhethri.
Ku-inthanethi, ungabona amavidiyo lapho, ngosizo lwebhethri yejeli yesithuthuthu, injini yemoto yomgibeli iqalwa. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukukhuphuka kwamandla kagesi wejeli kuphakeme kakhulu kunokwejwayelekile.
Insiza yebhethri yejeli inkulu impela. Ibhethri elimaphakathi lingamelana nemijikelezo yokukhishwa egcwele engu-350, imijikelezo yokukhishwa kwesigamu engu-550, kanye nemijikelezo yokukhipha engaphezu kuka-1200 ukuya ku-30%.
amaphutha
Ngenxa yezici zokuklama, amabhethri ejeli adinga izindlela zokushaja ezithile. Uma emthonjeni wamandla wendabuko kungekho umehluko obalulekile ngaphezu kwamandla ashajayo, isibonelo, ezimweni lapho umlawuli we-relay-regulator unephutha, khona-ke lesi simo sizoba yingozi ku-analog ye-gel.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukwakheka kwegesi okuphawulekayo kwenzeka esimweni sebhethri. Amabhamuza agcinwa kujeli, ehlisa indawo yokuxhumana nepuleti. Ekugcineni, ama-valve avuleka, futhi ukucindezela ngokweqile kuphuma, kodwa ibhethri ngeke libuyisele ukusebenza kwalo kwangaphambili.
Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, amabhethri anjalo awanconywa ezimotweni ezindala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngisho nakwezinye izimoto zanamuhla, lapho ukushaja kulawulwa ikhompiyutha esebhodini, i-current yayo ingakhuliswa kakhulu lapho injini iqalwa.
Futhi, i-drawback ephawulekayo yebhethri yejeli yizindleko zayo eziphakeme kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa namabhethri e-lead-acid evamile.
Iyalayisha...
