I-Photonic Crystal
of technology

I-Photonic Crystal

26.05.2022 /

Ikristalu ye-photonic iwumsebenzi wesimanje ohlanganisa amaseli ayisisekelo anenkomba ecwebezelayo ephakeme nephansi kanye nobukhulu obuqathaniswa nobude begagasi bokukhanya kusuka kububanzi obuthile obuthile. Amakristalu emisindo asetshenziswa ku-optoelectronics. Kucatshangwa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwe-crystal photonic kuzovumela, isibonelo. ukulawula ukusabalala kwegagasi elikhanyayo futhi kuzodala amathuba okwakhiwa kwamasekethe ahlanganisiwe e-photonic kanye nezinhlelo ze-optical, kanye namanethiwekhi okuxhumana ngocingo anomkhawulokudonsa omkhulu (wohlelo lwe-Pbps).

Umphumela wale nto endleleni yokukhanya ufana nomphumela we-grating ekuhambeni kwama-electron ku-crystal semiconductor. Ngakho igama elithi "photonic crystal". Isakhiwo se-photonic crystal sivimbela ukusakazeka kwamagagasi okukhanya ngaphakathi kwawo kuhlu oluthile lwamaza wamaza. Khona-ke okuthiwa i-photon gap. Umqondo wokudala amakristalu ezithombe wadalwa kanyekanye ngo-1987 ezikhungweni ezimbili zocwaningo zase-US.

U-Eli Jablonovich weBell Communications Research eNew Jersey wasebenza ngezinto zokwakha ama-photonic transistors. Kungaleso sikhathi lapho aqamba khona igama elithi "photonic bandgap". Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uSajiv John waseNyuvesi yasePrieston, ngenkathi esebenzela ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwama-laser asetshenziswa kwezokuxhumana, wathola igebe elifanayo. Ngo-1991, u-Eli Yablonovich wathola i-crystal photonic yokuqala. Ngo-1997, kwasungulwa indlela yobuningi yokuthola amakristalu.

Isibonelo sekristalu ye-photonic enezinhlangothi ezintathu eyenzeka ngokwemvelo i-opal, isibonelo se-photonic layer yophiko lovemvane lohlobo lwe-Morpho. Kodwa-ke, amakristalu e-photonic ngokuvamile enziwa ngokwenziwa kuma-laboratories avela ku-silicon, nayo enezimbotshana. Ngokwesakhiwo sazo, zihlukaniswe zibe yi-one-, two- and three-dimensional. Isakhiwo esilula kunazo zonke isakhiwo esinohlangothi olulodwa. Amakristalu ezithombe ezinohlangothi olulodwa yizingqimba ze-dielectric ezaziwa kakhulu futhi ezisetshenziswe isikhathi eside, ezibonakala nge-reflection coefficient encike kubude begagasi bokukhanya kwesigameko. Eqinisweni, lesi isibuko se-Bragg, esihlanganisa izendlalelo eziningi ezinezinkomba eziphakeme neziphansi ezishintshanayo. Isibuko se-Bragg sisebenza njengesihlungi esivamile sokudlula kancane, amanye amafrikhwensi ayabonakala kuyilapho amanye edlula. Uma ugingqa isibuko se-Bragg sibe yithubhu, uthola isakhiwo esinezinhlangothi ezimbili.

Izibonelo zamakristalu ezithombe ezinezinhlangothi ezimbili adalwe ngokuzenzisa ama-photonic optical fibers kanye nezendlalelo ze-photonic, okuthi, ngemva kokuguqulwa okuningana, zisetshenziselwe ukuguqula indlela yesignali yokukhanya ebangeni elincanyana kakhulu kunezinhlelo ezijwayelekile ezihlanganisiwe ze-optics. Njengamanje kunezindlela ezimbili zokumodela amakristalu e-photonic.

eyokuqala – I-PWM (indlela yegagasi lendiza) ibhekisela esakhiweni esinohlangothi olulodwa nambili futhi ihilela ukubalwa kwezibalo zethiyori, okuhlanganisa izibalo ze-Bloch, Faraday, ne-Maxwell. Owesibili Indlela yokumodela izakhiwo ze-fiber optic yindlela ye-FDTD (Finite Difference Time Domain) indlela, ehlanganisa ukuxazulula izibalo zika-Maxwell ngokuncika kwesikhathi kunkambu kagesi kanye nenkundla kazibuthe. Lokhu kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukwenza izivivinyo zezinombolo ekusakazeni kwamagagasi kagesi ezakhiweni zekristalu ezinikeziwe. Ngokuzayo, lokhu kufanele kwenze kube nokwenzeka ukuthola amasistimu ezithombe ezinobukhulu obuqatha nalezo zamadivayisi e-microelectronic asetshenziselwa ukulawula ukukhanya.

Ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-photonic crystal:

  • Izibuko ezikhethiwe zama-laser resonators,
  • ama-lasers wempendulo asabalalisiwe,
  • Imicu yezithombe (photonic crystal filaments), imicu kanye neplani,
  • Ama-semiconductors e-Photonic, ama-pigments amhlophe kakhulu,
  • Ama-LED asebenza kahle kakhulu, ama-Microresonator, ama-Metamatadium - izinto ezisetshenziswa kwesokunxele,
  • Ukuhlolwa kwe-Broadband kwamadivayisi we-photonic,
  • i-spectroscopy, i-interferometry noma i-optical coherence tomography (OCT) - kusetshenziswa umphumela wesigaba esiqinile.

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