Ingabe uphalafini unenombolo ye-octane?

I-octane yesibaseli kanye nendima yayo

Isilinganiso se-octane isilinganiso sokusebenza kukaphethiloli. Ikalwa ngokuqhathaniswa ne-isooctane emsulwa, enikezwe inani elinemibandela elingu-100. Uma izinga le-octane liphakeme, kuzodingeka ukucindezelwa okwengeziwe ukuze kuqhunyiswe uphethiloli.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-octane ayisona nje isikali sokulinganisa esisetshenziselwa ukuhlukanisa uphethiloli ngokuya ngezindawo zawo zokulwa nokungqongqoza, kodwa futhi i-hydrocarbon yepharafini yempilo yangempela. Ifomula yayo iseduze no-C₈H₁₈. I-octane evamile uketshezi olungenambala olutholakala emafutheni abilayo cishe ku-124,6⁰C.

Uphethiloli ojwayelekile (ngaphandle kwethonya lengxenye ye-ethanol) ingxube yama-hydrocarbon amaningana. Ngakho-ke, inombolo ye-octane ibalwa njengenani lama-athomu e-octane ku-molecule kaphethiloli.

Ingabe konke lokhu okungenhla kuyiqiniso ngophalafini njengesibaso?

Ukungqubuzana kwamaphuzu athile nezingxabano

Naphezu kwemvelaphi evamile kanye nokufana kokwakheka kwamakhemikhali, i-parafini ihluke kakhulu kuphethiloli ukusuka endaweni yokubuka ye-physicochemical. Umehluko umi kanje:

1. Ngokuyisisekelo, noma iyiphi i-parafini iseduze kakhulu nophethiloli we-diesel, njengoba wazi, ibonakala ngenombolo ye-cetane. Ngakho-ke, uphalafini ungasetshenziswa ezinjinini zomjikelezo wedizili, ezithembele ekuqhumeni okuzenzakalelayo kukaphethiloli ocindezelwe. Uphalafini awusetshenziswa ezinjinini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi, ngaphandle kwezindiza ezincane ze-piston.
2. I-flash point ye-parafini ihluka kakhulu nge-brand, ngakho-ke izimo zokushisa kwayo enjini zizohluka.

3. Ezinye izincwadi ezindala nezincwadi zereferensi zinikeza okuthiwa izinombolo ze-octane ezinemibandela zikaphethiloli wedizili. Inani labo liyi-15…25. Lokhu akunalutho uma kuqhathaniswa nophethiloli, kodwa kufanele ucabangele ukuthi uphethiloli we-diesel ushiswa ohlotsheni oluhluke ngokuphelele lwenjini. Udizili unokuguquguquka okuphansi, ukumelana nokungqongqoza okuphansi, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo amandla aphezulu ngevolumu yeyunithi.
4. Umehluko obalulekile phakathi kukaphethiloli kanye nophalafini ukuthi uphalafini empeleni uyingxube ye-alkane hydrocarbon engaphezu komugqa owodwa noma enegatsha, engekho kuwo enamabhondi aphindwe kabili noma kathathu. Ngokwengxenye yayo, i-octane ingelinye lamaqembu e-alkane wama-hydrocarbon, futhi iyisakhi esiyinhloko sikaphethiloli. Ngakho-ke, kwakungenzeka ukunquma okuthiwa inombolo ye-octane kaphalafini kuphela ngemva kokuhlukanisa ngandlela-thile i-alkane hydrocarbon eyodwa kwenye.

Unganquma kanjani ukusebenza kwe-parafini njengophethiloli?

Kunoma yikuphi, hhayi ngokwenombolo ye-octane: ayikho kuphalafini. Ukuhlola okuningi okwenziwa elabhorethri, hhayi ezimweni zezimboni, kunikeze umehluko omkhulu emiphumeleni yokugcina. Lokhu kuchazwa kanje. Ngesikhathi sokucwiliswa kukawoyela ongahluziwe, kwakheka ingxenye ephakathi phakathi kukaphethiloli nophalafini, evame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-naphtha noma i-naphtha. I-naphtha eluhlaza ayifanelekile ukuxutshwa nophethiloli, njengoba yehlisa inombolo yayo ye-octane. I-Naphtha nayo ayifanele ukuxutshwa nophalafini ngoba, ngaphezu kokucatshangelwa kokusebenza, yehlisa indawo ekhanyayo. Ngakho-ke, i-naphtha ezikhathini eziningi ibhekene nokuguqulwa kwesitimu ukuze kukhiqizwe igesi kaphethiloli noma i-synthesis gas. Imikhiqizo ye-distillation ngesikhathi sokukhiqizwa kwe-parafini ingaba nokwakheka okuhlukile kwe-fractional, okungashintshi ngisho nangaphakathi kweqoqo elifanayo lomkhiqizo wamafutha.

Sengiphetha, siyaqaphela ukuthi uphalafini wendiza i-TS-1 usetshenziswa njengophethiloli wendiza ye-jet. Injini ye-jet iyi-turbine yegesi lapho ukuvutha kuqhubeka ekamelweni elivuthayo. Lokhu kuhlukanisa izinjini ezinjalo ezinjinini zikadizili noma zikaphethiloli, lapho ukuthungela kwenzeka esigabeni esidingekayo somjikelezo we-thermodynamic. Ngophalafini onjalo, kulungile futhi ukubala inombolo ye-cetane, hhayi inombolo ye-octane.

Ngenxa yalokho, uphalafini ayikho, futhi ayikwazi, i-analogue enenombolo ye-octane kaphethiloli.

INOMBOLO YE-OCTANE Yini?