Amandla ekusasa ngokusho kwe-Audi - sizothululelani ethangini?
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi indawo yokwamukela uphethiloli ihlanya kangakanani, isimo sisobala - bayanda abantu emhlabeni futhi wonke umuntu ufuna ukuba nemoto, futhi ngesivinini samanje sokuthuthukiswa kwempucuko, amafutha ezinto ezimbiwa phansi aya ngokuya encipha, kodwa ijubane elisheshayo. Ngakho-ke, kungokwemvelo ukuthi ukubheka kokuqala esikhathini esizayo kuwukubheka imithombo yamandla. Ingabe sincike kuwoyela negesi? Noma mhlawumbe zikhona ezinye izindlela zokushayela imoto? Ake sibone ukuthi uyini umbono wakwa-Audi.
"Akusekho ukubheka phansi embhobheni," kusho i-Audi, enezela, "Akusenakubalwa i-CO2." Kuzwakala kuxakile, kodwa umphathi uyachaza ngokushesha. "Kungaba iphutha ukugxila ku-CO2 ephuma ku-tailpipe - sidinga ukuyiphatha emhlabeni jikelele." Kusazwakala kuyinqaba, kodwa ngokushesha konke kuba sobala. Kuvele ukuthi singakwazi ukukhipha i-CO2 epayipini le-exhaust lemoto, inqobo nje uma sisebenzisa i-CO2 efanayo emkhathini ukuze siyikhiqizele uphethiloli. Khona-ke ibhalansi yomhlaba wonke… Ngangesaba ukuthi ngizozwa ukuthi “kuzoba nguziro” ngaleso sikhathi, ngoba kimina, njengonjiniyela, kusobala ukuthi kuzoba kuhle kakhulu. Ngenhlanhla, ngezwa: "... kuzoba usizo kakhulu." Sekuvele kunengqondo, futhi nansi indlela onjiniyela baseBavaria abaphatha ngayo.
Imvelo ngokwayo, vele, yayiwumthombo wogqozi: umjikelezo wamanzi, umoya-mpilo kanye ne-CO2 emvelweni ufakazela ukuthi umshini oqhutshwa ilanga ungenziwa usebenze. Ngakho-ke, kwanqunywa ukulingisa izinqubo zemvelo kumalabhorethri futhi kusetshenzwe ekuqaliseni umjikelezo ongapheli ngokulingana kwazo zonke izithako ezibheke ku-zero. Kwenziwa imibono emibili: 1. Akukho lutho olulahlekile emvelweni. 2. Imfucuza yanoma yisiphi isigaba kumele isetshenziswe esigabeni esilandelayo.
Kodwa-ke, kuqale kwaphenywa ukuthi kusiphi isigaba sempilo yemoto i-CO2 ekhishwa kakhulu (kucatshangwa ukuthi imoto ehlangene enamakhilomitha angu-200.000 ku-20 km). Kuvele ukuthi u-79% wamagesi ayingozi akhiwa lapho kukhiqizwa izimoto, u-1% usetshenziswa izimoto, u-2% usetshenziswa kabusha. Ngedatha enjalo, kwacaca ukuthi kwakudingekile ukuqala kusukela esiteji sokusebenzisa imoto, i.e. ukushiswa kwamafutha. Siyazi izinzuzo kanye nokubi kwezibaseli zakudala. Ama-biofuels anezinzuzo zawo, kodwa hhayi ngaphandle kokubi - athatha umhlaba wokulima futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ukudla, akusoze kwanela ukuhlangabezana nazo zonke izidingo zempucuko. Ngakho, i-Audi yethula isiteji esisha, esisibiza nge-E-Fuels. Imayelana nani? Umqondo ucacile: kufanele ukhiqize uphethiloli usebenzisa i-CO2 njengesinye sezithako enqubweni yokukhiqiza. Khona-ke kuyokwenzeka ngonembeza ohlanzekile ukushisa uphethiloli, ukukhulula i-CO2 emkhathini. Ngokuphindaphindiwe. Kodwa kanjani lokho? I-Audi inezixazululo ezimbili zalokhu.
Isixazululo sokuqala: I-E-Gas
Umqondo ngemuva kombono we-E-Gas uqala ngesixazululo esikhona. Okungukuthi, ngosizo lwama-windmill, sibamba amandla omoya. Sisebenzisa ugesi okhiqizwa ngale ndlela ohlelweni lwe-electrolysis ukuze sikhiqize i-H2. Sekungamafutha, kodwa ukushoda kwengqalasizinda kusho ukuthi onjiniyela kufanele baqhubeke nokusebenza. Enqubweni ebizwa ngokuthi i-Methanation, ahlanganisa i-H2 ne-CO2 ukuze akhiqize i-CH4, igesi enezici ezifanayo negesi yemvelo. Ngakho-ke, sinophethiloli wokukhiqiza okwasetshenziswa i-CO2, ezophinde ikhishwe ngesikhathi sokushiswa kwalesi siphethu. Amandla adingekayo ezinqubweni ezichazwe ngenhla avela emithonjeni yemvelo evuselelekayo, ngakho-ke umbuthano usuqedile. Kuzwakala kukuhle kakhulu ukuba ube yiqiniso futhi? Kancane kancane, futhi mhlawumbe angizange ngithole okuthile okuphrintiwe kahle esethulweni, kodwa noma ngabe le nqubo idinga "ukondla okunamandla" lapha nalaphaya, kuseyisinyathelo endleleni entsha, ethakazelisayo.
Ibhalansi ye-CO2 ingcono ngokungangabazeki kulesi sixazululo esingenhla, futhi i-Audi ikufakazela lokhu ngezinombolo: izindleko zemoto ukuhamba i-1 km (i-compact 200.000 km) kuphethiloli wakudala yi-168 g CO2. Ngaphansi kuka-150 nge-LNG Ngaphansi kuka-100 ngama-biofuels Futhi emcabangweni we-e-gesi: ngaphansi kuka-50 g CO2 ngekhilomitha! Kusekude no-zero, kodwa sekusondele izikhathi ezi-1 uma kuqhathaniswa nesixazululo se-classical.
Ukuze singanikezi umbono wokuthi i-Audi izoba isikhulu sikaphethiloli, hhayi umkhiqizi wezimoto, saboniswa (ngaphambilini besithatha omakhalekhukhwini namakhamera) i-Audi A3 entsha enenjini ye-TCNG, esizoyibona emigwaqweni. unyaka. isikhathi. Ngeshwa, ayizange yethulwe, ngakho-ke asazi okuningi kunalokho okuyikho, kodwa siyajabula ukucabanga ukuthi ithiyori nezethulo zilandelwa umkhiqizo obambekayo kakhulu.
Isixazululo sesibili: I-E-diesel / E-ethanol
Omunye, futhi ngokubona kwami, umqondo othakazelisayo nakakhulu futhi onesibindi amaBavaria atshala kuwo i-e-diesel ne-e-ethanol. Lapha, i-Audi ithole uzakwethu ngaphesheya kolwandle, lapho e-US South JOULE ikhiqiza uphethiloli nge-photosynthesis - ukusuka elangeni, emanzini nakuma-microorganisms. Imibhede emikhulu eluhlaza yosiwe elangeni elishisayo, ishwabadela i-CO2 emkhathini futhi ikhiqiza umoya-mpilo kanye ... nophethiloli. Inqubo efanayo yenzeka kuwo wonke amafekthri, esikhundleni sokugcwalisa izimoto zethu, lezi zimboni ziyakhula. Ososayensi base-United States, nokho, babheka kuma-microscopes zabo futhi bakhulisa i-microorganism eneseli elilodwa, lapho inqubo ye-photosynthesis, esikhundleni se-biomass, ikhiqiza ... kunjalo - uphethiloli! Futhi ngesicelo, kuye ngohlobo lwamabhaktheriya: kanye ne-ethanol, kanye nophethiloli wedizili - noma yini usosayensi ayifisayo. Futhi engakanani: 75 amalitha ethanol kanye 000 amalitha diesel ehektheleni! Futhi, kuzwakala kukuhle kakhulu ukuba yiqiniso, kodwa kuyasebenza! Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokungafani nama-biofuels, le nqubo ingenzeka ogwadule oluwugwadule.
Okuthakazelisa kakhulu ukuthi imiqondo echazwe ngenhla ayilona ikusasa elikude kakhulu, ukukhiqizwa kwezimboni zamafutha asebenzisa ama-microgranules kufanele kuqale ngo-2014, futhi intengo kaphethiloli kufanele iqhathaniswe nentengo yamafutha asendulo. . Kungaba ishibhile, kodwa kulesi sigaba akukhona mayelana nenani, kodwa mayelana namathemba okukhiqiza uphethiloli obamba i-CO2.
Kubukeka sengathi i-Audi ngeke ibheke phansi ngokungapheli - esikhundleni salokho, isebenza kokuthile okusha okungalinganisa ukukhishwa kwe-CO2 emhlabeni jikelele. Ngokubona ngalo mbono, ukwesaba ukuphela kukawoyela akusalufifi kangako. Cishe, izazi zemvelo ngeke zaneliseke ngokuthi izitshalo zisetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza uphethiloli noma ithemba lokusebenzisa ugwadule njengendawo yokulima. Ngokuqinisekile, izithombe zazikhanya ezingqondweni zabanye, zibonisa ama-logo abakhiqizi eSahara noma iGobi, ebonakala emkhathini. Kuze kube muva nje, ukuthola uphethiloli ezitshalweni kwakuyinto engapheli, efanelekile isiqephu sefilimu eqanjiwe yesayensi, kodwa namuhla ikusasa langempela kakhulu futhi elifinyelelekayo. Yini ongayilindela? Nokho, sizothola eminyakeni embalwa, mhlawumbe eshumini nambili noma kanjalo.
Bheka futhi: Ukuvela kwenjini (r) - iphi i-Audi?
