Izilawuli zemoto: hlola injini, ikhekheba leqhwa, indawo yokubaba nokunye

Izinkomba kudeshibhodi zibonisa ukusebenza kwezingxenye zemoto ezahlukahlukene kanye nokungasebenzi kahle kwazo. Siyazikhombisa futhi sichaze ukuthi zisho ukuthini.Ngezinye izikhathi amaphutha ahlukene angabekwa ngaphansi kwesibani esisodwa. Ngakho-ke masenze ukuxilongwa kokuqala ngaphambi kokuthi simiselele noma yini.

UGrzegorz Chojnicki useneminyaka eyisikhombisa eshayela iFord Mondeo yango-2003. Imoto enenjini ye-TDCi yamalitha amabili okwamanje inamamayela angu-293. km of run. Izikhathi ezimbalwa zama enkonzweni ngenxa yokwehluleka kohlelo lomjovo.

Ube nenkinga yokuqala injini futhi waphelelwa amandla. I-bulb ephuzi enepulaki ekhanyayo yayivuliwe, ngakho ngashintsha ama-spark plug ebumnyameni. Kuphela lapho ukwehluleka kungapheli, ngaya esiteshini esigunyaziwe ukuze ngixhume imoto kukhompyutha, kusho umshayeli.

Funda kabanzi : Ukuhlolwa kwemoto entwasahlobo. Hhayi nje kuphela air conditioning, ukumiswa kanye bodywork

Kwavela ukuthi inkinga yayingekho emakhandlela, kodwa emaphutheni esofthiwe ye-injector, njengoba kuboniswa inkomba ekhanyayo enophawu lwekhandlela. Lapho umlando uziphindaphinda, uMnu. Grzegorz akazange athathe isikhundla sezingxenye ngokwakhe, kodwa ngokushesha waya ekuxilongweni kwekhompyutha. Kulokhu kuvele ukuthi omunye umbhobho waphuka ngokuphelele futhi udinga ukushintshwa. Manje inkomba ikhanya ngezikhathi ezithile, kodwa ngemva kwesikhashana iyacima.

– Imoto idla amafutha amaningi. Sengivele ngine-pump engasebenzi kahle okuzodingeka ukuthi ifakwe kabusha,” kusho umshayeli.

Izilawuli emotweni - okokuqala kuzo zonke injini

Abakhiqizi bezimoto bathi ukuphuka okuningi kubangelwa ukukhanya okuxwayisayo kophawu lwenjini ephuzi, olutholakala kakhulu ezinjinini zikaphethiloli. Njengezinye izibani, kufanele zicime ngemva kokuqala. Uma kungenjalo, kufanele uxhumane nomakhenikha.

- Ngemva kokuxhuma imoto kukhompyutha, umakhenikha uthola impendulo, yini inkinga. Kodwa umuntu onolwazi angakwazi ukuxilonga ngokunembile amaphutha amaningi ngaphandle kokuxhumana. Muva nje sisanda kubhekana neToyota Corolla yesizukulwane sesishiyagalombili, injini yayo ibihamba ngendlela engalingani ngesivinini esiphezulu, ingathandi ukusabela ekucindezeleni igas pedal. Kuvele ukuthi ikhompuyutha ikhombisa izinkinga ngekhoyili yokuthungela, kusho uStanislav Plonka, umakhenikha waseRzeszow.

Funda kabanzi: Ukufaka ukufakwa kwegesi yemoto. Yini okudingeka uyikhumbule ukuze uzuze ku-LPG?

Njengomthetho, injini ephuzi ibonisa izinkinga ngakho konke okulawulwa yikhompyutha. Lawa kungaba ama-spark plug namakhoyili okubasa, i-lambda probe, noma izinkinga ezibangelwa uxhumano olungalungile lokufakwa kwegesi.

– Isibani senkomba yepulaki elikhanyayo silingana nodizili nesibani senkomba yenjini. Ngaphandle kwama-injection noma ipompo, ingabika izinkinga nge-valve ye-EGR noma isihlungi se-particle uma lesi sakamuva singenayo inkomba ehlukile, kuchaza u-Plonka.

Ingabe izibani zemoto zibomvu? Ungadli

Ukukhanya okuhlukile kusetshenziswa abakhiqizi abaningi, isibonelo, ukukhombisa ukugqoka kwamabhuleki okweqile. Ngokuvamile lokhu kuba isibani esiphuzi esinophawu lwegobolondo. Ngokulandelayo, ulwazi mayelana nezinkinga nge-brake fluid lungafakwa ngaphansi kwesibonisi esikhanyayo se-handbrake. Uma ukukhanya kwe-ABS okuphuzi kuvuliwe, hlola inzwa ye-ABS.

- Njengomthetho, ukunyakaza akukwazi ukuqhubeka uma inkomba ebomvu ivuliwe. Lokhu ngokuvamile kuwulwazi olumayelana nezinga likawoyela eliphansi, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu kakhulu lenjini, noma izinkinga zamanje ukushaja. Uma, ngakolunye uhlangothi, enye yezibani eziphuzi ivuliwe, ungaxhumana ngokuphepha umakhenikha, kusho uStanislav Plonka.

Uyifunda kanjani ideshibhodi?

Inani lamalambu lingahluka kuye ngemodeli yemoto. Ngaphezu kokwazisa, isibonelo, mayelana nohlobo lwamalambu angaphambili, ukufakwa kweqhwa emgwaqeni, ukucisha isistimu yokulawula ukudonsa noma izinga lokushisa eliphansi, wonke kufanele acime ngemva kokukhanyisa futhi injini ivuliwe.

Izinkomba emotweni - izinkomba ezibomvu

Ibhethri. Ngemva kokuqala injini, inkomba kufanele icime. Uma kungenjalo, cishe ubhekene nenkinga yokushaja. Uma i-alternator ingasebenzi, imoto izohamba kuphela inqobo nje uma kunomthamo wamanje owanele ogcinwe ebhethrini. Kwezinye izimoto, ukucwayiza kwesibani ngezikhathi ezithile kungase futhi kubonise ukushelela, ukugqokwa kwebhande le-alternator.

Funda kabanzi: Ukungasebenzi kahle kwesistimu yokushisa. Okuvame kakhulu ukuwohloka kanye nezindleko zokulungisa

Izinga lokushisa lenjini. Lokhu kungenye yemingcele ebaluleke kakhulu yokusebenza kahle kwemoto. Uma umcibisholo ukhuphuka ngaphezu kuka-100 degrees Celsius, kungcono ukumisa imoto. Njengokukhanya kwezinga lokushisa okupholile okubomvu (i-thermometer namagagasi) kuyavela, injini eshisa ngokweqile icishe ibe yinkinga yokucindezela futhi idinga ukulungiswa okukhulu. Kanti, izinga lokushisa eliphansi kakhulu lingabonisa izinkinga nge-thermostat. Khona-ke injini ngeke ibhekane nemiphumela efana nokushisa ngokweqile, kodwa uma ishisa kancane, izodla uphethiloli omningi.

Amafutha omshini. Ngemuva kokuqala injini, inkomba kufanele icishwe. Uma kungenjalo, misa imoto endaweni elinganayo futhi uvumele uwoyela ukuthi uphumele ku-sump. Bese uhlola izinga layo. Kungenzeka ukuthi injini inezinkinga zokugcoba ngenxa yokuntuleka kukawoyela. Ukushayela kungabangela ukuhlanganiswa kwedrayivu ukubamba, kanye ne-turbocharger esebenzisana nayo, ephinde igcotshwe yilolu ketshezi.

I-hand brake. Uma ibhuleki seligugile, umshayeli ngeke abe nomuzwa wokuthi akalikhululanga ngokuphelele ngesikhathi eshayela. Bese inkomba ebomvu enephuzu lesibabazo izobika ngakho. Lokhu kungaba usizo kakhulu, njengoba ukushayela isikhathi eside, ngisho nengalo yakho yeluliwe kancane, kwandisa uphethiloli namabhuleki. Izinkinga ze-brake fluid nazo zivame ukubizwa ngaphansi kwalesi sibani.

Funda kabanzi: Ukuhlolwa Kwezimoto Ngaphambi Kokuthenga. Ngani futhi ngamalini?

Amabhande esihlalo. Uma umshayeli noma omunye wabagibeli engawafakile amabhande, kuzokhanyisa ilambu elibomvu emshinini womculo elinophawu lomuntu osesihlalweni namabhande. Abanye abakhiqizi, njenge-Citroen, basebenzisa izilawuli ezihlukene esihlalweni ngasinye emotweni.

Izinkomba emshinini - izinkomba eziwolintshi

Hlola injini. Ezimotweni ezindala lokhu kungase kube umbhalo, ezimotweni ezintsha ngokuvamile kuwuphawu lwenjini. Emayunithi kaphethiloli, ihambisana nokulawula udizili ngesiphethu. Ibonisa noma yikuphi ukwehluleka kwezingxenye ezilawulwa nge-elekthronikhi - kusukela kumapulaki ezinhlansi, ngokusebenzisa amakhoyili okuthungela ukuya ezinkingeni zohlelo lomjovo. Ngokuvamile, ngemva kokukhanyisa kwalokhu kukhanya, injini ingena kumodi yesimo esiphuthumayo - isebenza ngamandla amancane.

I-EPC. Ezimotweni zokukhathazeka kweVolkswagen, inkomba ibonisa izinkinga ngokusebenza kwemoto, kuhlanganise nokungasebenzi kahle kwe-electronics. Ingase ivele ukuze ibonise ukwehluleka kwezibani zamabhuleki noma inzwa yezinga lokushisa elipholile.

Amandla wokuqondisa. Emotweni esetshenziswayo, inkomba kufanele iphume ngokushesha ngemuva kokushisa. Uma isakhanyisiwe ngemuva kokuyiqala injini, imoto ibika inkinga ngohlelo lokuqondisa amandla kagesi. Uma isiteringi samandla sisasebenza naphezu kokukhanyisa, ikhompuyutha ingase ikutshele, isibonelo, ukuthi inzwa ye-engeli yokuqondisa ihlulekile. Inketho yesibili - ukukhanya kwenkomba kanye nosizo lukagesi kuvaliwe. Ezimotweni ezine-electronic systems uma kwenzeka zonakele isiteringi sijika siqine kube nzima ukuqhubeka nokushayela. 

Usongo lwesimo sezulu. Ngale ndlela, abakhiqizi abaningi bazisa ngezingozi zamazinga okushisa aphansi angaphandle. Lokhu, ngokwesibonelo, kungenzeka ukufaka uqweqwe emgwaqeni. Isibonelo, iFord yethula i-snowball, futhi iVolkswagen isebenzisa isignali ezwakalayo kanye nenani lokushisa elikhanyayo kusibonisi esikhulu.

Funda kabanzi: Ukufakwa kwesinyathelo ngesinyathelo kwezibani zasemini. I-Photoguide

ESP, ESC, DCS, VCS Igama lingahluka kuye ngomkhiqizi, kodwa lolu uhlelo lokuzinzisa. Isibani senkomba esikhanyayo sibonisa ukusebenza kwayo, ngakho-ke, ukushelela. Uma isibani senkomba kanye nokuthi VALIWE kuvuliwe, isistimu ye-ESP iyacishwa. Kufanele uyivule ngenkinobho, futhi uma ingasebenzi, iya kusevisi.

Ukushisisa iwindi. Isibani esiseduze nokumaka kwe-windshield noma iwindi elingemuva libonisa ukuthi ukushisa kwabo kuvuliwe.

Ipulaki ekhanyayo. Eningini likadizili, lenza umsebenzi ofanayo njengokuthi "isheke lenjini" ezinjinini zikaphethiloli. Ingabonisa izinkinga ngohlelo lomjovo, isihlungi sezinhlayiyana, iphampu, kanye namapulaki akhanyayo. Akufanele ikhanyise ngenkathi ushayela.

Funda kabanzi: Ukugcinwa nokushajwa kwebhethri. Isondlo samahhala sidinga ukunakekelwa okuthile

Isikhwama somoya. Uma ingacimi ngemuva kokuyiqala injini, uhlelo lwazisa umshayeli ukuthi i-airbag ayisebenzi. Kungaba nezizathu eziningi zalokhu. Emotweni engeyona ingozi, lokhu kungase kube inkinga yokuxhuma, ezonyamalala ngemva kokugcoba amaqakala nge-spray ekhethekile. Kodwa uma imoto ibe sengozini futhi i-airbag yasetshenziswa futhi ingashayi kabusha, isibani esiyisixwayiso sizobonisa lokhu. Kufanele futhi uzibuze mayelana nokuntuleka kwalokhu kulawula. Uma ingakhanyi phakathi nesekhondi noma amabili ngemva kokuba icushiwe, kungenzeka ikhutshaziwe ukufihla ukwethulwa kwe-airbag.

I-Airbag yomgibeli. I-backlight iyashintsha lapho umcamelo ucushwa. Uma ingasebenzi, isibonelo lapho ingane ihanjiswa esihlalweni sengane esibheke ngemuva, isibani esiyisixwayiso sizokhanyisa ukukhombisa ukuthi ukuvikela kungasebenzi.

I-ABS. Okungenzeka kakhulu, lezi yizinkinga ngohlelo losizo oluphuthumayo lokubhuleka. Lokhu kuvame ukuholela ekulimaleni kwenzwa, ukushintshwa kwayo okungabizi. Kodwa inkomba izophinde ivuleke, isibonelo, uma umakhenikha efaka ngokungalungile ihabhu futhi engavumeli ikhompuyutha ukuthi ithole isignali yokuthi uhlelo luyasebenza. Ngaphezu kwenkomba ye-ABS, izinhlobo eziningi zemikhiqizo nazo zisebenzisa inkomba ehlukile yokugqoka ibhuleki.

Izinkomba emshinini - izinkomba zombala ohlukile

Izibani. Inkomba eluhlaza ivuliwe uma amalambu okupaka noma amalambu aphansi akhanyiswe. Ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kubonisa ukuthi i-beam ephezulu ivuliwe - okuthiwa yinde.

Vula umnyango noma i-alamu ye-damper. Ezimotweni ezinamakhompuyutha athuthuke kakhulu, isibonisi sibonisa ukuthi yimiphi iminyango evuliwe. Imoto izophinde ikutshele uma isicabha sangemuva noma isivalo sivuliwe. Amamodeli amancane futhi ashibhile awahlukanisi phakathi kwezimbobo futhi abonise ukuvulwa komunye nomunye wabo ngenkomba evamile.  

Isimo sezulu. Umsebenzi wayo uqinisekiswa yinkomba evuthayo, umbala wayo ongashintsha. Lokhu kuvame ukukhanya okuphuzi noma okuluhlaza, kodwa iHyundai, isibonelo, manje isebenzisa ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. 

Governorate Bartosz

isithombe nguBartosz Gubernata