Izinhlelo zokuqiniswa kwe-elekthronikhi (ESP, AHS, DSC, PSM, VDC, VSC)
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Izinhlelo zokuqiniswa kwe-elekthronikhi (ESP, AHS, DSC, PSM, VDC, VSC)

26.05.2022 /

Izinhlelo zokuqiniswa kwe-elekthronikhi (ESP, AHS, DSC, PSM, VDC, VSC)Lezi zinhlelo ziqinisekisa ukuthi imoto iziphatha ngokuphepha ezimweni ezibucayi, ikakhulukazi lapho ubheke khona. Ngesikhathi sokunyakaza, amasistimu ahlola izinkomba eziningi, njengejubane noma ukujikisa isondo lokushayela, futhi uma kwenzeka kuba nengozi yokushushuluza, izinhlelo zingayibuyisela emotweni ohlangothini lwayo lokuqala ngokubopha amasondo ngamanye. Ezimotweni ezibiza kakhulu, amasistimu wokulawula ukuzinza afaka ne-chassis esebenzayo evumelana nobuso bomshayeli nesitayela sokushayela iphinde ibe nomthelela ekuphepheni kokushayela. Izimoto eziningi zisebenzisa uhlelo lokumaka ezimotweni zazo. ESP (IMercedes-Benz, iSkoda, i-VW, iPeugeot nezinye). Ngokumaka AHS (Ukusebenza okusebenzayo uhlelo) ezisetshenziswa ngabakwaChevrolet ezimotweni zabo, I-DSC (Ukulawulwa kokuphepha okunamandlaBMW, PSM (Uhlelo Lokulawulwa Kwokuzinza kwePorsche), V DC (Ukulawulwa kwamandla wezimoto) efakwe ezimotweni zakwaSubaru, I-VSC (Ukulawulwa kokuqina kwezimoto) ifakwe nakwiSubaru kanjalo nasezimotweni zakwaLexus.

Isifinyezo i-ESP sivela esiNgisini Uhlelo lokuqina kwe-elekthronikhi futhi imele uhlelo lokuqiniswa ngogesi. Ngokusuka egameni uqobo lwalo, kuyacaca ukuthi lo umele omelekeleli abasiza abashayeli be-elekthronikhi maqondana nokuzinza kokushayela. Ukutholakala nokuqaliswa okulandelayo kwe-ESP kwaba yintuthuko embonini yezimoto. Isimo esifanayo ake senzeka ngokwethulwa kwe-ABS. I-ESP isiza umshayeli ongenalwazi nonolwazi olunzulu ukubhekana nezinye zezimo ezibucayi ezingase zivele ngenkathi ushayela. Izinzwa eziningi kwirekhodi lemoto idatha yokushayela yamanje. Le datha iqhathaniswa ngeyunithi yokulawula nedatha ebaliwe yemodi yokushayela efanele. Lapho kutholakala umehluko, i-ESP iyasebenza futhi izinzise imoto. I-ESP isebenzisa ezinye izinhlelo ze-chassis kagesi ngomsebenzi wayo. Abasebenzi be-elekthronikhi ababaluleke kakhulu bahlanganisa uhlelo lwe-ABS anti-lock braking system, ama-anti-skid system (ASR, TCS nabanye) nezeluleko ngokusebenza kwezinzwa ezidingekayo ze-ESP.

Uhlelo lwakhiwa onjiniyela abavela eBosch naseMercedes. Imoto yokuqala ukufakelwa i-ESP kwakuyisikebhe sakwa-S 1995 (C 600) ngoMashi 140. Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa kamuva, uhlelo lwabuye lwaya kwa-S-Class yakudala (W 140) kanye ne-SL Roadster (R 129). Intengo yalolu hlelo yayiphezulu kangangokuba ekuqaleni lolu hlelo lwalusezingeni elihlangene kuphela nenjini ephezulu engu-6,0 V12 oyisilinda eyishumi nambili, kwezinye izinjini ze-ESP yayinikelwa ngentela eningi kuphela. Ukuqhuma kwangempela ku-ESP kwakungenxa yezinto ezibonakala zincane futhi, ngandlela thile, kwaqondana nje. Ngo-1997, izintatheli zaseSweden zenza isivivinyo sokuqina kwento eseyintsha ngaleso sikhathi, okwakuyiMercedes A. Okumangaze kakhulu wonke umuntu owayekhona, iMercedes A yehluleka ukubhekana nalokhu okuthiwa ukuhlolwa kwama-moose. Lokhu kuphawule ukuqala kwebhizinisi okuphoqe ukuthi abakhiqizi bamise okwesikhashana ukukhiqizwa kwalo. Imizamo yochwepheshe kanye nabasiki bengqephu eStuttgart Automobile Plant yokuthola isisombululo esifanele sale nkinga isithwelwe ngempumelelo. Ngokuya ngezivivinyo eziningi, i-ESP yaba yingxenye ejwayelekile yeMercedes A. Lokhu-ke, kwasho ukwanda kokukhiqizwa kwalolu hlelo kusuka emashumini ezinkulungwane alindelekile kuya emakhulwini ezinkulungwane, futhi amanani entengo atholakalayo angatholakala. I-ESP ivule indlela yokusetshenziswa ezimotweni eziphakathi nezincane. Ukuzalwa kwe-ESP kwaba inguquko yangempela emkhakheni wezokushayela okuphephile, futhi namuhla sekusabalele hhayi kuphela ngenxa yeMercedes-Benz. Ubukhona be-ESP, obusathuthuka futhi njengamanje obungumkhiqizi wayo omkhulu kunabo bonke, kube nomthelela omkhulu ekubeni khona kwe-ESP.

Ezinhlelweni eziningi zikagesi, ubuchopho buyiyunithi yokulawula ye-elekthronikhi, futhi akunjalo nge-ESP. Umsebenzi weyunithi yokulawula ukuqhathanisa amanani angempela asuka kuzinzwa namanani abaliwe ngenkathi ushayela. Isiqondiso esidingekayo sinqunywa i-angle yokujikeleza kanye nesivinini sokujikeleza kwamasondo. Izimo zangempela zokushayela zibalwa ngokusekelwe ekusheshisweni kwe-lateral kanye nokujikeleza kwemoto ezungeze i-eksisi yayo eqondile. Uma ukuchezuka kumanani abaliwe kutholwa, inqubo yokuzinza iyasebenza. Ukusebenza kwe-ESP kulawula i-torque yenjini futhi kuthinta isistimu yokubhuleka yesondo elilodwa noma amaningi, ngaleyo ndlela kuqede ukunyakaza kwemoto okungafunwa. I-ESP ingalungisa i-understeer ne-oversteer lapho ijika amakhona. I-understeer yemoto ilungiswa ngokubhuleka isondo elingaphakathi langemuva. I-Oversteer ilungiswa ngokubhuleka isondo langaphandle langaphambili. Uma ubhuleka isondo elinikeziwe, amandla okubhuleka akhiqizwa kulelo sondo ngesikhathi sokuzinza. Ngokomthetho olula we-physics, lawa mandla okubhuleka akha i-torque ezungeze i-eksisi eqondile yemoto. I-torque ewumphumela ihlale iphikisana nokunyakaza okungafuneki futhi ngaleyo ndlela ibuyisela imoto endaweni oyifunayo lapho ijika amakhona. Iphinde ijikise imoto iqonde lapho ingajiki khona. Isibonelo sokusebenza kwe-ESP ukujika amakhona ngokushesha lapho i-asi yangaphambili iphuma ngokushesha ekhoneni. I-ESP iqala yehlisa itorque yenjini. Uma lesi senzo singanele, isondo langaphakathi elingemuva liyabhuleka. Inqubo yokuzinzisa iyaqhubeka kuze kuncishiswe ukuthambekela kokushibilika.

I-ESP isuselwe kuyunithi yokulawula ejwayelekile ku-ABS nakwezinye izinhlelo ze-elekthronikhi ezifana ne-EBV / EBD distributor force distributor, engine torque regulator (MSR) kanye ne-anti-skid systems (EDS, ASR ne-TCS). Iyunithi yokulawula icubungula idatha izikhathi eziyi-143 ngomzuzwana, okungukuthi, njalo ngama-millisecond ayi-7, acishe aphindwe izikhathi ezingama-30 kunalawo womuntu. I-ESP idinga izinzwa eziningi ukuze zisebenze, njenge:

  • inzwa yokutholwa kwamabhuleki (yazisa iyunithi yokulawula umshayeli wayo ohamba ngamabhuleki),
  • izinzwa zejubane zamasondo ngamanye,
  • inzwa yesondo lokuqondisa (inquma inkomba edingekayo yokuhamba),
  • i-lateral acceleration sensor (ibhalisa ubukhulu bamandla asebenzayo we-lateral, njengamandla we-centrifugal ejikeni),
  • inzwa yokujikeleza imoto ezungeze i-eksisi eme mpo (ukuhlola ukujikeleza kwemoto ezungeze i-eksisi eqondile nokunquma isimo sokuhamba samanje),
  • i-brake pressure sensor (inquma ukucindezela kwamanje ohlelweni lwamabhuleki, lapho amabhuleki amabhuleki khona, ngakho-ke, amabutho e-longitudinal asebenza emotweni angabalwa),
  • inzwa yokusheshisa ende (yezimoto ezinamasondo amane kuphela).

Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlelo lwe-braking ludinga idivaysi yengcindezi eyengeziwe esebenzisa ingcindezi lapho umshayeli engashayi braking. Iyunithi ye-hydraulic isabalalisa ingcindezi yamabhuleki kumasondo amabhuleki. Isibani samabhuleki senzelwe ukuvula amalambu amabhuleki uma umshayeli engabhuleki lapho kuvulwa uhlelo lwe-ESP. I-ESP kwesinye isikhathi ingacishwa ngenkinobho kudeshibhodi, elula, isibonelo, uma ushayela ngamaketanga eqhwa. Ukucisha noma isistimu kuboniswa yinkomba ekhanyisiwe kuphaneli yethuluzi.

I-ESP ikuvumela ukuthi ucindezele imingcele yemithetho ye-physics futhi ngaleyo ndlela wandise ukuphepha okusebenzayo. Ukube zonke izimoto bezine-ESP, cishe ingxenye yeshumi yezingozi ibingagwenywa. Uhlelo luhlala luhlola ukuzinza uma lungavaliwe. Ngakho-ke, umshayeli unomuzwa omkhulu wokuphepha, ikakhulukazi emigwaqeni eneqhwa neqhwa. Njengoba i-ESP ilungisa ukuqondiswa kokuhamba ohlangothini olufunayo futhi inxephezela ukuphambuka okubangelwe ukushushuluza, yehlisa kakhulu ubungozi bezingozi ezimweni ezibucayi. Kodwa-ke, kufanele kugcizelelwe ngomphefumulo owodwa ukuthi ngisho ne-ESP yesimanje kakhulu ngeke isindise umshayeli onganaki ongalandeli imithetho ye-physics.

Njengoba i-ESP inguphawu lokuhweba lwe-BOSCH neMercedes, abanye abakhiqizi basebenzisa uhlelo lweBosch negama le-ESP, noma benze uhlelo lwabo futhi basebenzise isichazamazwi esihlukile (esabo).

I-Acura–Honda: I-Vehicle Stability Control (VSA)

I-Alfa Romeo: IDynamic Vehicle Control (VDC)

I-Audi: Uhlelo lwe-Electronic Stability (ESP)

I-Bentley: Uhlelo Lokuzinza Ngogesi (ESP)

I-BMW: i-vrátane Dynamic Traction Control DSC

IBugatti: Uhlelo Lokuzinza Ngogesi (ESP)

Izincwadi: StabiliTrak

I-Cadillac: I-StabiliTrak ne-Active Front Steering (AFS)

IChery Car: Uhlelo Lokuzinza Ngogesi

I-Chevrolet: StabiliTrak; Ukuphathwa okusebenzayo (Lin Corvette)

I-Chrysler: Uhlelo Lokuzinza Ngogesi (ESP)

I-Citroën: Uhlelo Lokuzinza Ngogesi (ESP)

I-Dodge: Uhlelo Lokuzinza Ngogesi (ESP)

IDaimler: Uhlelo Lokuzinza Ngogesi (ESP)

I-Fiat: Uhlelo lwe-Electronic Stability Program (ESP) neVehicle Dynamic Control (VDC)

IFerrari: Ukulawulwa Okusungulwe (CST)

IFord: i-AdvanceTrac eneRoll Over Stability Control (RSC), i-Interactive Vehicle Dynamics (IVD), i-Electronic Stability Program (ESP) neDynamic Stability Control (DSC)

I-General Motors: StabiliTrak

I-Holden: Uhlelo Lokuqina Kwe-elektroniki (i-ESP)

IHyundai: Electronic Stability Program (ESP), Electronic Stability Control (ESC), Vehicle Stability Assist (VSA)

I-infiniti: Vehicle Dynamic Control (VDC)

IJaguar: IDynamic Stability Control (DSC)

IJeep: Uhlelo Lokuzinza Ngogesi (ESP)

IKia: Electronic Stability Control (ESC) kanye ne-Electronic Stability Program (ESP)

ILamborghini: Uhlelo Lokuzinza Ngogesi (ESP)

ILand Rover: IDynamic Stability Control (DSC)

I-Lexus: Vehicle Dynamics Integrated Management (VDIM) kanye neVehicle Stability Control (VSC)

ILincoln: AdvanceTrac

IMaserati: Uhlelo lweMaserati Stability (MSP)

IMazda: IDynamic Stability Control (DSC), iVrátane Dynamic Traction Control

IMercedes-Benz: Uhlelo Lokuzinza Ngogesi (ESP)

IMercury: I-AdvanceTrac

I-MINI: IDynamic Stability Control

IMitsubishi: I-MULTI-MODE Control Stability Control neTraction Control i-Active Stability Control (ASC)

INissan: Imoto Dynamic Control (VDC)

Oldsmobile: Precision Control System (PCS)

I-Opel: Uhlelo lwe-Electronic Stability Program (ESP)

IPeugeot: Uhlelo Lokuzinza Ngogesi (ESP)

UPontiak: Stabili Trak

I-Porsche: I-Porsche Stability Control (i-PSM)

I-Proton: uhlelo lokuqiniswa ngogesi

I-Renault: Uhlelo Lokuqina Kwe-elektroniki (ESP)

IRover Group: IDynamic Stability Control (DSC)

I-Saab: Uhlelo Lokuqina Kwe-elekthronikhi (i-ESP)

ISaturn: iStabiliTrak

IScania: Uhlelo Lokuzinza Ngogesi (ESP)

SEAT: Electronic Stability Program (ESP)

I-Škoda: Uhlelo Lokuzinza Ngogesi (ESP)

I-Smart: Uhlelo Lokuzinza Ngogesi (ESP)

ISubaru: Vehicle Dynamics Control (VDC)

ISuzuki: Uhlelo Lokuzinza Ngogesi (ESP)

IToyota: Vehicle Dynamics Integrated Management (VDIM) neVehicle Stability Control (VSC)

I-Vauxhall: Uhlelo Lokuzinza Ngogesi (ESP)

IVolvo: Ukuzinza kweDynamic kanye neTraction Control (DSTC)

IVolkswagen: Uhlelo Lokuzinza Ngogesi (ESP)

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