Ukumiswa kwe-elekthronikhi: ukunethezeka okuncane kwe-"chip" nokusebenza kahle

ESA, DSS Ducati Skyhook ukumiswa, electronic damping system, damping ashukumisayo...

Itholwe ngabakwa-BMW kanye nohlelo lwayo lwe-ESA ngo-2004, olwenziwe lwaba yisimanje ngo-2009, ukwenziwa kwe-electronic kokumiswa kwezithuthuthu zethu akuseyona igunya lomkhiqizi waseBavaria. Ngempela, i-Ducati S Touring, i-KTM 1190 Adventure, i-Aprilia Caponord 1200 Touring Set futhi, muva nje, i-Yamaha FJR 1300 AS manje ihlanganisa, ngenxa yokuncipha kwayo, i-menagerie yama-chips afundiwe. Ezisanda kwethulwa njengezixazululo zokugcina zokuxhuma izimoto zethu phansi, lezi zinhlelo zekhompiyutha zinikeze, okokuqala nokubaluleke kakhulu, ukuthi kungenzeka ukwenza ngokwezifiso okulula ngokuya ngezidingo zokushayela nezifiso. Kusukela ngo-2012, ukulungiswa kwabo kuye kwaba okuqhubekayo isikhathi eside. Kodwa-ke, kunomehluko othile wokuqalisa phakathi kwalezi zindlela zobuchwepheshe, kuye ngohlobo lomkhiqizo.

Esokuqala isimo sazo sokungenzi lutho noma esishintshashintsha kancane: ukusetha kusengaphambili noma ukuzivumelanisa nezimo njalo. Ukwengeza, abanye baxhumanisa indawo yabo yokushayela nemephu yenjini ekhethiwe, kuyilapho abanye beze baze banikeze imodi ezenzakalelayo egcwele... enemiphumela ehlukayo ekugcineni ekuzweleni kwesiteringi. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlolwa kokuqala kuyadingeka.

BMW - ESA Dynamic

Kuwo wonke amakhosi, udumo lonke. Umkhiqizo waseJalimane ube ngowokuqala ukwethula uhlelo lwayo lwe-ESA. Nakuba isizukulwane sokuqala sivele sashintsha umshayeli ngokulungiswa, ikakhulukazi ukuthuthukisa ukunethezeka nokukhanya, inguqulo ka-2013-14 iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Ubuchwepheshe bokumodulation obuqhubekayo be-hydraulic buvela okokuqala ngqa ku-high-end 1000 RR HP4 (DDC - Dynamic Damping Control) hypersport. Bese, emasontweni ambalwa kamuva, nansi futhi iza ne-R 1200 GS yakamuva epholile uketshezi.

Le ESA entsha enamandla ihlanganisa amapharamitha amaningi. Nakuba isanikeza amaphrofayili amathathu e-hydraulic (aqinile, avamile futhi athambile), ephambana nezingcindezi ezintathu okufanele zichazwe (umshayeli, umshayeli wendiza namapotimende, umshayeli wendiza nomgibeli), uhlelo manje lulawula ukwanda nokufinyela okuqhubekayo. Ukuze kuzuzwe lokhu, izinzwa ezinyakazayo zangaphambili nangemuva zihlala zazise uhlelo lokunyakaza okuma mpo kwesiteringi nengalo yokuqondisa. Ngokuya ngezimo ezithile kanye nesitayela sokushayela, ukudambisa bese kulungiswa ngokuzenzakalelayo kusetshenziswa amavalvu alawulwa ngogesi.

Endleleni, lezi zakhi zikuvumela ukuthi uvumelane nezinga lokudambisa elingcono kakhulu ngokushesha nangokunembile ngangokunokwenzeka. Isabela kakhulu ekukhuphukeni futhi izinzile kuma-decelerations, imoto yenza kube nokwenzeka kakhulu ukufuna izingxenyana zokugcina zesikhathi.

Ilungiselwe ukusetshenziswa emgwaqweni noma ngaphandle komgwaqo, ifakwe i-1200 R 2014 GS, i-ESA Dynamic inikeza ukunethezeka nokusebenza okuphezulu. Isici esincane emgwaqeni sihlungwa ngaso leso sikhathi, ukucindezelwa nokunwetshwa kwe-damping kwenziwa ngesikhathi sangempela!

Kwa-BMW, ​​ukucatshangelwa kwamamephu enjini kugcwele kakhulu. Lezi zamuva zilinganisa zonke ezinye izinhlelo ezigqilazwe yizo ezivela kumkhiqizi waseBavaria. Ngaphezu kwethonya labo ekumisweni, ukusebenzisana kwabo ngezinga lokungenelela kwe-AUC (ukulawula ukushelela) kanye ne-ABS kuyengezwa.

Ngokucacile, ukukhetha imodi ye-Dynamic kudinga impendulo yokusheshisa enamandla futhi kuzoholela ekumisweni okuqinile, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iphrofayela ekhethiwe. Khona-ke i-ABS ne-CSA ziyaphazamisa. Ngokuphambene, imodi yemvula izonikeza impendulo yenjini ebushelelezi bese isetha ukuthambisa okuthambile. I-ABS ne-CSA nabo sebeba ngabangeneleli kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imodi ye-Enduro iphakamisa imoto ekumisweni, inikeza ukuhamba okuphezulu futhi ikhubaza i-ABS yangemuva.

Ducati – DSS Ducati Skyhook Ukumiswa

AmaNtaliyane ase-Bologna abelokhu ehlomisa ithrekhi yawo ngokumiswa kwabantu kusukela ngo-2010, okube yi-semi-dynamic ngo-2013. Isistimu ekhethiwe, ethuthukiswe ngokuhlanganyela nomkhiqizi wemishini i-Sachs, ilungisa ukucindezelwa kwentwasahlobo kwangemuva, ukunwetshwa kanye nokulayisha kuqala ukuze kuhambisane nezimo zokugibela. Ingase futhi ilungiselelwe kusetshenziswa ikhompuyutha esebhodini ngokucacisa umthwalo osusiwe (yedwa, ababili... njll.). Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-DSS ibonakala ngokuqhubekayo kokulawula ukumiswa kwe-semi-active.

Ama-accelerometer axhunywe kwimfoloko ephansi kanye nohlaka lwangemuva lokufunda amaza adluliselwe kwimfoloko engu-48mm kanye nengalo yokushwiba ngesikhathi sokuqondisa. Ulwazi luhlaziywa ngokushesha futhi luqondwe kusetshenziswa umshini wokubala okhethekile. I-algorithm esetshenziswe isikhathi eside ezimotweni, i-Skyhook, ifunda ukuhlukahluka okudluliselwayo bese isabela kulokhu kucindezeleka ngokushintsha njalo ama-hydraulic.

E-Ducati, futhi, injini, ngokusho kwamaphrofayili ayo (Sport, Touring, Urban, Enduro), ibeka imithetho yayo ezincekwini zayo ngomjikelezo ongaphelele kanye nolunye usizo: i-anti-skid ne-ABS. Ngakho, imodi yezemidlalo inikeza ukumiswa okuqinile. Ngokuphambene, imodi ye-Enduro DSS inakekela ukuthuthukiswa komgwaqo ngokumiswa okuthambile. Ngokufanayo, i-ABS ne-DTC balandela ithoni ngokulungisa izilungiselelo zabo.

Isetshenziswa, i-Mutlistrada kanye ne-DSS yayo ihlinzeka ngokuphathwa okunembayo. Okokuqala, ukudluliswa kwenqwaba okubangela ukwenzeka kokupompa okutholakala ekumisweni okunamazinga aphezulu okunyakaza kunqunyelwe kakhulu. Ukuqaphela okufanayo kusekulandelaneni kwamakhona, lapho imoto igcina ukuqina nokunemba.

Imfoloko engu-48 mm

Imodi yezemidlalo: 150 hp (inguqulo yamahhala), i-DTC kwezi-4, i-ABS kwezi-2, ezemidlalo, ukumiswa kwe-DSS okuqinile.

Imodi yokuvakasha: 150 hp (inguqulo yamahhala) impendulo ethambile, i-DTC koku-5, i-ABS koku-3, uhambo oluqondiswe ku-DSS olunokunethezeka okwengeziwe kokumiswa.

Imodi yedolobha: 100 hp, i-DTC ye-6, i-ABS engu-3, ​​i-DSS egxile edolobheni ukuze uthole imithelela (i-stall back) kanye nokubhuleka okuphuthumayo (okuphambene nesondo langaphambili).

Imodi ye-Enduro: i-100 hp, i-DTC ku-2, i-ABS ku-1 (enenketho yokukhiya ngemuva), i-DSS eqondiswe ngaphandle komgwaqo, ukumiswa okuthambile.

I-KTM - I-EDS: Uhlelo Lokungcolisa Kagesi

Njengokujwayelekile, abantu base-Austrian bayathemba ubuchwepheshe babo bokumisa i-White Power (WP). Futhi kuku-Adventure trail engu-1200 lapho siyithola khona. Isistimu ye-EDS ye-semi-adaptive inikeza ukulungiselelwa kwe-fork spring kanye nokushaqeka okune (solo, uwedwa nomthwalo, i-duo, i-duo enomthwalo) ngokuthinta inkinobho enikezelwe kuzibambo. Amamotho amane anyathelayo, alawulwa yiyunithi yawo yokulawula, ayalungiseka: ukumanzisa kabusha engalweni yemfoloko yesokudla, ukucindezelwa kwemfoloko engalweni yesokunxele, ukudambisa ukushaqeka kwangemuva kanye nokulayisha kuqala kwentwasahlobo yokushaqeka.

Izinhlobo ezintathu zeComfort, Road kanye neSport nazo zakha ama-preset. Futhi, njengezimoto ezimbili ezedlule, izindlela zenjini zixhumanisa imizamo yokudambisa. Uhlelo lwase-Austrian bese luziphatha emhlabeni jikelele, njenge-BMW ESA ngaphambi kokuguquguquka "okuguquguqukayo".

Uma ususendleleni, ungakwazi ukushintsha kalula usuka kwesinye isilungiselelo sokumiswa uye kwesinye. I-adventure igcizelela ingxenye yayo ejikelezayo yobuciko obukhulu kanye ne-vivacity. Uma ukunyakaza kokunyakazisa ngesikhathi sokubhuleka kusabonakala njengepharamitha evamile, kuncishiswa kakhulu ngokukhetha isudi yemithwalo ye-Sport-pilot. Siphinde sibone ukugunyazwa lapha kwalesi sisetshenziswa ekulungiseni kwakho kalula kanye nokusebenza kahle kukonke.

Aprilia ADD damping (Aprilia damping dynamic)

I-menagerie efundisiwe yama-chips iphinda i-squat inguqulo ye-Sachs ye-Caponord 1200 ye-Travel, kokubili ngenxa yokushaqeka endaweni engemuva engakwesokudla kanye nemfoloko ehlanekezelwe engu-43mm. Ukumiswa kwe-semi-active kuwukuvezwa okuphawuleka kakhulu kwe-on-board electronics, embozwe amalungelo obunikazi amane. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinhlelo zamanye amabhrendi, umqondo we-Aprilia uyahluka ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokungabikho kwamaphrofayili achazwe ngaphambilini (induduzo, ezemidlalo, njll.). Kuphaneli yolwazi ungakhetha imodi entsha ezenzakalelayo. Uma kungenjalo, umthwalo wesithuthuthu ungacaciswa: I-Solo, i-suitcase ye-Solo, i-Duo, i-suitcase ye-Duo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukhethani, ukulayisha kuqala bese kufakwa kumshini wokuthuthumela ngokucindezela kwentwasahlobo kusetshenziswa ipiston ecindezela ithangi likawoyela elitholakala ngaphansi kwehinge elingemuva. Nokho, imfoloko izodinga ukulungisa mathupha leli nani kusetshenziswa isikulufu seshubhu esiqondile sendabuko. Okunye okubi: I-ABS kanye nokulawula ukudonsa

Bese kuba nokulungiswa okuzenzakalelayo kwe-hydraulic ngenkathi ushayela, okutholakala kubuchwepheshe bezimoto obuhlanganisa i-Sky-Hook kanye ne-Acceleration Driven algorithms. Le ndlela yenza kube nokwenzeka ukulawula ukudlidliza okuhlukahlukene kukalwa ezindaweni eziningi. Yiqiniso, ukunyakaza kokumiswa kokubili phakathi nezigaba eziguquguqukayo zokusetshenziswa (ukusheshisa, ukubhuleka, izinguquko ze-engeli) kanye nekhwalithi yendawo okuhlangene nayo kuyisilinganiso esisobala. Ishubhu yemfoloko yesokunxele iqukethe inzwa yokucindezela esebenza ku-valve eyodwa, kuyilapho enye ixhunywe kuhlaka lwangemuva, futhi inquma ukushaywa kwengalo yokushwibeka. Kodwa ijubane lenjini nalo liyabhekwa ngoba liwumthombo wokudlidliza. Ngakho-ke, lonke ulwazi olucutshungulwayo luvumela ukumiswa ukuthi kuphendule ukunyakaza okuhamba kancane nokusheshayo (ama-frequency aphezulu naphansi) ngaso sonke isikhathi, ukuzivumelanisa nezimo ngobuqili kunezinhlelo zemishini. Amanani e-Threshold abambezelekile, okuvumela okuguquguqukayo okubaluleke kakhulu ngakho-ke ukunethezeka nokusebenza kahle kulingane.

Nakuba ubuchwepheshe ngokuvamile busebenza ngokuvumelana, uhlelo ngezinye izikhathi lubonakala lukungabaza ekukhetheni kwalo. Kungenzeka ukuthi ulwazi oluningi oluzohlaziywa kwesinye isikhathi ludala ukubambezeleka okuncane kokusabela kokumiswa. Ngakho-ke emdlalweni ozinzile ukushayela imfoloko ibanjwa ukuze ithambe kakhulu uma ijika amakhona ngokushesha. Ngokuphambene nalokho, imoto ngezinye izikhathi ingazizwa inokhahlo ochungechungeni lwemithelela. Uma isilungisiwe ngokushesha, lokhu kuziphatha akunayo imithelela yokucubungula. Lokhu kuwumphumela wokujwayela njalo komshini ezimweni zokushayela. Kwesinye isikhathi kuba nomuzwa wokufiphala kancane ngesikhathi sokushayela "okudlulele", ekugcineni kuvame kwezinye izinhlobo. Ngokuhamba amakhilomitha lo muzwa uyanyamalala kuwo wonke umuntu. A

Yamaha

Umkhiqizi wokuqala wase-Japan owagcina enikeze lobu buchwepheshe, i-Yamaha ihlomisa isithonjana sayo FJR 1300 AS ngokumuncwa ukushaqeka. Ngakho-ke, izinto zikagesi zinqoba i-48mm Kayaba shock absorber kanye nemfoloko ehlanekezelwe. Kodwa-ke, le modeli ifakwe ngokukhethekile uhlelo olusebenza kancane, manje oselusezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu ezimotweni ezisezingeni eliphezulu. Izindlela ezintathu, Okujwayelekile, Ezemidlalo kanye ne-Comfort, zilungiswa ngogesi ngo-6 okuguquguqukayo (-3, +3) kanye nokulayishwa kuqala kwentwasahlobo okune kusuka eshubhu elingemuva (solo, i-duo, ipotimende elilodwa, amapotimende e-duo). Ama-stepper motors alawula kokubili ukucindezelwa kokuncibilika kweshubhu elingakwesobunxele kanye nokumanzisa kweshubhu elingakwesokudla.

Ngakho-ke ku-Yam kumayelana nokunethezeka kokulungiswa okulethwa lobu buchwepheshe, kanye nokuphatha okuthuthukisiwe uma umshayeli eshuna imoto yakhe kumapharamitha aphakanyisiwe. Ngenxa yemfoloko entsha, i-2013 FJR AS inembe kakhulu futhi isekela kangcono umthwalo wokubhuleka okusekelwayo.

UWilbers Weights

Akwaziwa kangako ngabashayeli bamabhayisikili, uhlobo lwaseJalimane, uchwepheshe wokumunca ukushaqeka iminyaka engu-28, uthuthukisa ukumiswa okuhlukahlukene. Ngakho-ke, ukukhiqizwa kwabo kungahlomisa kokubili izinga lokungena kanye ne-hypersport yakamuva yemikhiqizo eminingi. Ulwazi lwabo luqukethwe ku-German National Speed ​​​​Championship (Superbike IDM).

Inkampani ngokushesha yanikeza enye enye indawo eshibhile, amasistimu amadala e-ESA akwa-BMW, ​​ahluleke amanye amamodeli. Ngakho, isithuthuthu esiphelelwe iwaranti futhi esibhekene nokwehluleka ngenxa yokubola kwesistimu noma ezinye izehlakalo ezingalindelekile zingahlonyiswa nge-Wilbers-ESA noma i-WESA ngamakhono nezilungiselelo ezifanayo nezasekuqaleni.

isiphetho

Ukuvela kokumiswa okushunwe nge-elekthronikhi kubonakala ngokuya kusobala. Imishini efakwe ngale ndlela ijabulisa kakhulu ukuyisebenzisa. Isandla sokusebenziseka sibuya ne-Aprilia/Sachs tandem ngokuzenzakalelayo.

Nokho, nakuba zingalungiseki mathupha, lezi zinhlelo ngokuqinisekile aziwenzi imishini yendabuko ephezulu ukuthi iphelelwe yisikhathi. Futhi, zivumela ukucushwa okuhle nakakhulu ukuze kuhambisane nezintandokazi zangempela zawo wonke umuntu. Nokho, ukudambisa okuguquguqukayo okuqhubekayo (i-BMW Dynamic, i-Ducati DSS ne-Aprilia ADD) ilwa ngokuqondile namakhono alezi zinto zakudala ezindizayo eziphezulu. Ngokufunda okungaphezulu nokushayela ukuhlukahluka ngokunembe ngangokunokwenzeka, banikeza impendulo efanelekile yanoma yisiphi isenzakalo. Kuyaqapheleka futhi ukuthi lobu buchwepheshe buphinde bube nomthelela ekudwetshweni kwemephu kwenjini ukuze kunciphe (BMW - Ducati). Lokhu kuthinta ubuqili bokusabela.

Kwabaningi bamabhayisikili, lokhu kuguquka kumelela impahla ebalulekile yokuphepha nsuku zonke. Kusasele ukuhlola ukwethembeka kwalobu buchwepheshe obuphezulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngaphansi kokuhlolwa okunzima.

Ekugcineni, uma ushintsha ukulayisha kozimele kancane, ungaqhathanisa ukusebenza futhi ukhethe okokusebenza kwendabuko kwekhwalithi ephezulu okwamanje. Uma kungenjalo, i-e-help izobonakala ikhanga, ikakhulukazi kulabo okunzima kakhulu kubo.

Ngaso sonke isikhathi ithuthuke kakhulu kwezobuchwepheshe, amafreyimu ethu manje alula ukwenza ngokwezifiso amabhayisikili amasha ku-hydraulic alchemy. Ingasaphathwa ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yokucubungula. Ukuze uthole umbono wokugcina, isixazululo esingcono kakhulu ukuzama izimoto ezihlanganisa lezi zinhlelo, ukulinganisa isithakazelo salokhu kumiswa kwesimanje ... futhi ubone ukuthi ukhona yini ongazuza "ku-chip".