Ukusebenza kwama-turbocharger
Ama-Turbocharger ajwayele ukusetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwezinjini zikaphethiloli nezinjini zikadizili. Ukuqina kwazo kuncike ekusetshenzisweni okufanele.
Ama-Turbocharger ajwayele ukusetshenziselwa ukwandisa ukusebenza kwezinjini zikaphethiloli nezinjini zikadizili. Umgomo wokusebenza kwabo ukuxhuma i-turbine yegesi ephumayo ne-rotor ecindezela umoya ofakwe kumasilinda.
I-turbocharger inezinzuzo eziningi, kufaka phakathi: umklamo olula, ukungabikho kwedrayivu eyengeziwe kanye nezindleko zokukhiqiza eziphansi. Idivayisi iphinde ibe nezihibe njengokubambezeleka phakathi komshayeli ecindezela igesi kanye nokuphendula kwe-turbine, okuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi "i-turbo lag", kanye nokuba sengozini yokusebenzisa kabi. I-Turbo hole idaliwe 
ukungakwazi kwe-compressor ukuzivumelanisa ngokuzimela nezinguquko zejubane lenjini nomthwalo. Izixazululo sezivele zikhona zokuthuthukisa ukuguquguquka kwe-turbocharger. Lawa ama-bypass valves aqondisa amagesi akhipha umoya oweqile ohlangothini lwe-exhaust, kanye nama-turbocharger athuthuke kakhulu ngobuchwepheshe anejiometry ye-turbine eguquguqukayo.
Ekusebenzeni kokusebenza, into ebaluleke kakhulu kumsebenzisi wemoto ulwazi lwezimo ezinomthelela omkhulu ngesikhathi sokusebenza okungenazinkinga kwe-turbocharger. Okokuqala, i-rotor ye-turbocharger inesisindo esithile nobukhulu, kanye nomzuzu ohambisanayo we-inertia. Ngesikhathi sokusebenza, i-rotor isheshisa isivinini se-100 - 120 rpm. Lokhu kushesha izikhathi ezingu-10 kunenjini yemoto ye-Formula 1. Ngakho-ke, i-rotor ye-turbine ibhalansiswe kahle futhi ukuthwala kwayo kugcoba uwoyela ohlinzekwa yiphampu yokuphakelayo yenjini. Lapho usebenzisa i-turbocharger, ngaphezu kokulungiswa, indlela yokushayela ibaluleke kakhulu.
Ukuze uvimbele ukungena kokungcola, umoya owuthathayo kufanele ugcinwe uhlanzekile ngokushintsha isihlungi njalo. Noma yikuphi ukuguqulwa kwebhalansi, njengamadiphozi okungcola, kulezi zivinini eziphezulu kunomthelela ekugqokeni kwempahla ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Kufanele kuqashelwe ngokukhethekile indawo yokupholisa neyokugcoba, kubhekwe izikhathi zokushintsha uwoyela wenjini. Futhi, ungasebenzisi uwoyela wezinga eliphansi kunezinga elinconywe umenzi wemoto. Ukuhlolwa kokushintsha uhlobo lwamafutha, isigaba se-viscosity nekhwalithi kuthinta kabi injini namayunithi ayo. Ukwanda kwezinga lokungcoliswa kwamafutha, ukulahlekelwa kwezakhiwo zayo zokugcoba nokuzivikela kuthinta kabi ukuqina kwama-bearings kanye nesimo sayo yonke injini. Emayunithi ane-mileage ephezulu, "ukuthatha" amafutha, izinga layo kufanele lihlolwe njalo futhi lifakwe phezulu.
Ngemva kokuqala injini yomlilo yangaphakathi isikhathi esithile (isikhathi esifushane ehlobo, isikhathi eside ebusika), uwoyela awugelezi ezindleleni ezihlukahlukene, kuhlanganise nama-compressor bearings. Ngalesi sikhathi, zigcotshwa ngendwangu encane enamathelayo, ngenxa ye-viscosity ye-lubricant. Ngakho-ke, ngemva kokuqala injini ebandayo, ukusheshisa okubukhali kwegesi kanye nokuqala okungazelelwe kufanele kugwenywe. Le ndlela yokushayela idala ukuthi ama-bearings angagcobiswa ngokwanele isikhathi esithile, okunciphisa impilo yawo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngenkathi ushayela ngemuva kokufudumeza iyunithi yamandla, kuhle ukuthi injini iqhubeke isebenza ngesivinini esiphakathi nendawo nesiphezulu. Ukucisha injini ngendlela efanele kubaluleke kakhulu ukuze i-compressor iphile isikhathi eside. Ngemva kokuphela kokushayela, iphampu kawoyela iyayeka ukusebenza. Ayinikezi ingxenye yamafutha amasha kuma-bearings e-turbine, i-rotor esheshayo eqhubeka nokujikeleza ngesivinini esikhulu imizuzwana embalwa. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, amafutha okugcoba ama-bearings ashisa kakhulu, ukushaja kwenzeka kuwo, kwakhiwa izinhlayiya ezikhipha izinhlanga ezithwele ezenziwe ngokunembile, okuholela ekubhujisweni kwazo. Uma usebenzisa injini ene-turbocharged, linda imizuzwana embalwa ngaphambi kokuyivala. Ngalesi sikhathi, ijubane le-turbine liyancipha futhi ithuba lokulimala kuma-bearings liyancipha.
Isikhathi sokusebenza okungenazinkinga kwe-turbocharger sincike kakhulu kumodi yokusebenza kwayo. Kodwa-ke, kufanele kugcizelelwe ukuthi kwakukhona uchungechunge lwamadivayisi angazange athuthukiswe kahle ngabakhiqizi futhi ahluleka ngemva kwesikhathi esifushane. Uphawu olujwayelekile lokulimala kwe-turbocharger luzwakala ngokusobala ukudlidliza endaweni efakwe kuyo. Uma kwenzeka umonakalo omkhulu, kuzwakala ukungqubuzana kwe-metal-on-metal, inqwaba yentuthu emhlophe iphuma epayipini lokukhipha umoya, imoto namanje ayisheshi.
Ama-turbocharger alimele angenziwa kabusha. Amashabhu ochwepheshe anolwazi olufanele, isipiliyoni kanye nezinsiza zokulungisa. Izindleko zokuvuselelwa okujwayelekile / kuye ngosayizi we-turbine / ukusuka ku-PLN 800 kuya ku-2000 futhi izikhathi ezimbalwa eziphansi kunentengo yedivayisi entsha.
