I-Dual mass flywheel, ujantshi ojwayelekile kanye ne-turbocharging - ungayinciphisa kanjani ingozi yokwehluleka kwezinjini zesimanje zikadizili?

Izinjini zesimanje zikadizili zikhanga ngokusebenza kahle, ukuhambahamba okuphakeme, isiko eliphezulu lokusebenza kanye nokusetshenziswa kancane kukaphethiloli. Intengo yalokhu iwumklamo oyinkimbinkimbi futhi obiza kakhulu ukulungisa. Kodwa okunye ukuwohloka kungagwenywa ngokusebenza okufanele.

Izikhathi lapho udizili wawulula, ngisho nemiklamo yakudala, azisekho unomphela. Izinjini zikadizili ezisebenza ngama-Turbocharged ziphenduke insakavukela ngeminyaka yawo-1.9 kanti kwaVolkswagen bathole udumo ngenjini yayo engu-XNUMX TDI engafi. Lezi zinjini bezisebenza kahle futhi zonga kodwa zinomsindo.

Intuthuko yakamuva ithule kakhulu, iqhathaniswa nezinjini zikaphethiloli. Banamandla angaphezu kuka-150 hp. kanye ne-torque enkulu, ezenza zilungele uhambo olude. Futhi badalwa benabo engqondweni. Nasi isifinyezo sezisombululo zobuchwepheshe ezisetshenziswa ezinjinini zesimanje zikadizili, uhlu lwezinkinga zazo ezinkulu nokuthi zingagwenywa kanjani.

I-Dual-mass flywheel - ngenxa yayo, idizili ayidlidlizi

I-torque ekhulayo etholwe izinjini ngesivinini esiphansi kanye nokuwohloka okuphelele kwesakhiwo kubangela ukwenzeka kaningi kokudlidliza kwe-torsional ohlelweni lwe-crank-rod. Ngasikhathi sinye, abakhiqizi bazama ukunciphisa isisindo seyunithi yokushayela ngokusebenzisa izinto ze-alloy ezikhanyayo ezine-damping ephansi yokudlidliza. Lezi zinto ziholela ekudlidlizeni okuphezulu kwenjini egijimayo, okulimaza kakhulu u-gearbox, ama-propeller shafts, amajoyinti nama-bearings. Badala ukuphazamiseka kumshayeli nabagibeli.

Ukuze unqobe inkinga yokudlidliza, ama-flywheels anesisindo esikabili asetshenziswa kakhulu ezinjinini zikadizili (kodwa nasezinjini zikaphethiloli). Lesi sici ngesikhathi esisodwa senza imisebenzi ye-flywheel yakudala kanye ne-vibration damper. Njengoba igama liphakamisa, le nodi iqukethe okubizwa ngokuthi uquqaba, okuyisisekelo nesesibili. Phakathi kwabo kukhona i-torsional vibration damper, okuthi, ngenxa yeziphethu namadiski, inciphise ukudlidliza okuningi okukhiqizwa uhlelo lokushayela.

Ungayinakekela kanjani i-dual mass flywheel?

Idizayini ye-dual-mass flywheel iyinkimbinkimbi, futhi i-elementi ngokwayo ingaphansi kokulayishwa okukhulu okubalulekile. Konke lokhu kusho ukuthi impilo yayo yesevisi ifushane. Yingakho ibaluleke kakhulu indlela imoto esebenza ngayo. Nakuba i-dual mass flywheel isiza ukonga uphethiloli ngokunikeza ukuhamba okushelelayo kuma-revs aphansi, akufanele ijikeleze ngaphansi kuka-1500 rpm ngesikhathi sokusebenza. Ngaphansi kwalelivelu, ukudlidliza kwenzeka okulayisha ngokweqile izinto ezidambisayo ze-flywheel. Ukuqala kanzima kanye nokusheshisa okuqinile nakho kubangela ukuthi le ngxenye ebizayo igqoke ngokushesha. Ukugibela isigamu sokuhlanganisa kuvunyelwe kuphela ezimweni ezingavamile, njengoba kubangela ukushisa kwesistimu yonke kanye noshintsho ekuhambisaneni kwama-lubricant we-two-mass ethandwayo, ngenxa yalokho izingxenye ezihambayo zingabamba.

Bheka futhi: Amapulagi akhanyayo ezinjini zikadizili - umsebenzi, ukushintshwa, amanani. Umhlahlandlela

Njengoba ubona, ukusebenza njalo kuthrafikhi yedolobha, ukuqala njalo kanye noshintsho lwamagiya akusisebenzisi isimo se-flywheel ye-dual-mass; ifinyelela ibanga elikhulu elingenazinkinga ezimotweni ezihlanganisa imizila emide nethule. Izimpawu ezijwayelekile zokuguga wukungqongqoza okuzwakalayo lapho ungenzi lutho, ukudlidliza nokunyakaza lapho ucindezela igesi ngamandla. Isisetshenziswa esiphezulu se-dual-mass flywheel siyizinkulungwane ezingu-150-200. km (ngesitayela sokushayela esimnene). Esimeni sokungathobeli izincomo kanye nokusabalala kokusebenza kuthrafikhi yedolobha, i-dual-mass flywheel ingase idinge ukushintshwa kakade kumakhilomitha angaphansi kuka-100. km.

I-Dual mass flywheel - kubiza malini ukuthenga entsha futhi kubiza malini ukuyibuyisela?

Izintengo zamasondo amasondo anesisindo esikabili ziyahlukahluka kuye ngokwenziwa nemodeli yemoto, isibonelo (abakhi: LUK kanye ne-Valeo):

• I-Opel Vectra C 1.9 CDTI 120 km - PLN 1610,
• IRenault Laguna III 2.0 dCi 130 km - PLN 2150,
• Ford Focus II 1.8 TDCI 115 km – PLN 1500,
• Honda Accord 2.2 i-CTDi 140 km – 2260 zloty.

Kulamanani angenhla kufanele kwengezwe izindleko zabasebenzi, okuzoba isilinganiso se-PLN 500-700. Lokhu akwanele, ngakho-ke ngokuvamile isondo lesisindo esikabili liyashintshwa kanye ne-clutch ukugwema ukuhlakazeka okuphindwe kabili nokubizayo kokudlulisela. Kufanelekile ukusho ukuthi kungenzeka ukuvuselelwa kwe-flywheel ye-dual-mass. Lokhu kusebenza kuzokuvumela ukuthi wonge kuze kufike kuhhafu wemali oyodingeka uyisebenzise ekuthengeni ingxenye entsha. Kodwa-ke, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi isondo lizobuyisela ukusebenza nokuqina kwengxenye entsha kuphela lapho zonke izingxenye zayo ezigugile nezinephutha zishintshwa. Ngokujwayelekile ukushintshwa: iziphethu, i-multi-groove bushing, izicathulo zokuhlukanisa izikhala, izicathulo ezihlukanisa isikhethi kusuka kumapuleti angaphezulu naphansi, amafutha okushisa aphezulu. Kubalulekile futhi ukuthi izingxenye ezifakiwe zihambisane nemodeli.

I-Turbocharger - ngenxa yakhe, udizili unokukhahlela

Imithetho eqinile yokukhipha umoya okhipha umoya kuphoqe ukuthi kusetshenziswe ama-turbocharger ngisho nasezinjinini ezincane. Ngokombono wabakhiqizi, lesi yisixazululo esinenzuzo, ngoba izindleko zokwandisa amandla emoto nge-turbocharger ziphansi kakhulu kubo kunokuguqulwa kwekhanda nokushayela kokushayela. Ngaphandle kokubaluleka yizici ezinjengokunciphisa isisindo senjini nokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kanye nokukhishwa kwekhabhoni dioxide okubalulwe ngenhla nezinye izinto eziyingozi.

I-turbocharger ngayinye inezingxenye ezimbili eziyinhloko: i-turbine kanye ne-compressor. I-turbine rotor ishayelwa amagesi e-exhaust enjini futhi ifinyelela isivinini esingaphezu kuka-200 rpm. Ixhunywe nge-shaft ku-rotor ye-compressor. Isistimu yokuxhuma ithwala futhi igcotshwe ngamafutha enjini. Ama-rotors avikelwe ekungeneni kwamafutha ngokusebenzisa ama-O-rings. Umsebenzi we-turbocharger ukupompa ingxenye eyengeziwe yomoya endaweni eningi yokudla, ngokucindezela okuphakathi kwe-000-1,3 bar. Ngenxa yalokho, injini ishisa uphethiloli owengeziwe ngesikhathi esifushane, okwandisa ukusebenza kahle kwenqubo futhi ngenxa yalokho ukusebenza kwemoto.

Ungayinakekela kanjani i-turbocharger?

Cishe zonke izinjini zikadizili ezikhiqizwa namuhla zifakwe i-turbocharger. Isixazululo sithandwa kakhulu, kodwa, ngeshwa, siyazwela ekusebenzeni okungalungile kanye nezimo eziphuthumayo. Ayivunyelwe ukuqala ngokushesha futhi ifinyelele isivinini esikhulu ngemuva nje kokuqalisa injini. I-turbine idinga ukuvunyelwa isikhathi sokufudumala, ukuphotha nokuthola ukugcotshwa okufanele. Iphuzu lokugcina libaluleke kakhulu: kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uwoyela wenjini usezingeni eliphezulu nokuhlanzeka, futhi kufanele futhi ushintshwe kaningi. Isikhathi sokushintshwa singcono kakhulu ukuhliswa ngesigamu, njengoba kunconywe umenzi (ezimweni eziningi kuzoba yizinkulungwane eziyi-7-10 km). Ngemuva kokushayela isikhathi eside ngesivinini esikhulu, ungayicishi injini ngokushesha, kodwa linda cishe imizuzu emibili ngesivinini esiphansi kuze kube yilapho ama-rotor e-turbocharger ehlisa futhi yonke into iphola kancane. Uma izincomo ezingenhla zilandelwa, impilo yesevisi ye-turbocharger kufanele inwetshwe.

Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwe-Turbocharger

Kodwa-ke, uma ama-bearings ebanjwa noma i-rotor ilimele, i-turbocharger ingabuye yakhiwe kabusha. Iqukethe ukuhlanzwa okuphelele kwe-turbine kanye nokushintshwa kwezingxenye ezigugile. Endabeni yesistimu eyinkimbinkimbi encane, okungukuthi i-turbine ene-geometry ye-rotor blade engashintshi, le nqubo ngokuvamile inikeza imiphumela elindelekile, futhi yonke into, kuhlanganise nomsebenzi, ingabiza ngaphansi kwe-PLN 1000. Kodwa-ke, esimweni sezinhlelo ezinejiyomethri eguquguqukayo, lapho kukhona okwengeziwe okuthiwa ama-exhaust vanes azungeze isiyingi se-rotor ye-turbine, le ndaba iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Imihlahlandlela yokukhipha umoya ngama-blades okuthi, ngokushintsha indawo yawo, alawule umfutho okhulayo futhi asize ukuyiletha kumanani aphezulu kuye ngesivinini senjini. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi ukhawulele ukwenzeka kwalokho okuthiwa. imibuthano ye-turbo. Ngenxa yokushisa okuphansi kokuvutha kukaphethiloli wedizili, lezi zinhlelo zisetshenziswa kakhulu ezinjinini zikadizili.

Ama-turbocharger amasha anejiyomethri ye-blade eguquguqukayo angabiza ngisho nangaphezulu kwe-PLN 5000, ngakho-ke akumangazi ukuthi abashayeli banquma ukuvuselela izingxenye ezigugile. Ngeshwa, kwenzeka ukuthi inqubo, izindleko ezivame ukudlula i-PLN 2000, azilethi imiphumela elindelekile - ngaphandle kwemishini ekhethekile nemishini yesevisi, akunakwenzeka ukwenza ukulungiswa ngendlela yokulondoloza imingcele yenjini yokuqala. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, izimoto zilahlekelwa amandla afinyelela kuhhafu alinganiselwe kanye ne-torque. Lapho sinquma ukwenza kabusha i-turbocharger ye-blade geometry blade, kufanele sikhethe ishabhu yokusebenzela enobuchwepheshe nesimanjemanje. Kukhona imakethe yokushintshwa kwe-turbocharger entsha, kodwa ngenxa yekhwalithi yabo evame ukwesabeka nokungahambisani, isisombululo esinjalo akufanele sicatshangelwe.

- Ungabona i-turbocharger egugile ngezimpawu ezilandelayo: imoto ibhema kakhulu epayipini le-exhaust, njengoba umoya omncane ohlinzekwa yi-compressor ubangela umule omningi, ukukhala kwamakhwela nokukhala kwensimbi kuzwakala lapho ushayela imoto iphansi, imoto ingase "ingcolile. ”. Kufanele futhi sikhathazeke nganoma yikuphi ukuvuza kukawoyela ku-turbocharger,” kusho u-Zbigniew Domański, Uchwepheshe Wenkonzo Ye-Moto-Mix e-Siedlce.

Fisihlungi se-particulate (DPF / FAP) - ngenxa yalokho, i-turbodiesel ayibhemi

Ubuchwepheshe bokuhlanza umsizi busetshenziswe ekuphenduleni ukwethulwa kwezindinganiso zokukhishwa kwe-EU Euro 4 kanye ne-Euro 5. Izihlungi ze-DPF (dry filtration) kanye ne-FAP (soot afterburning) sezisetshenziswa cishe kuzo zonke izimoto zikadizili ezikhiqizwa namuhla. Izihlungi ze-particle zitholakala ohlelweni lwe-exhaust, ngokuvamile ngemva kwesiguquli se-catalytic, futhi zihlanganisa indlu nento. Ukufakwa kwenziwa ngenethiwekhi eminingi yamashaneli e-silicon carbide ahlanganiswe nezinhlanganisela ezimunca umule. Ngeshwa, izinketho zokuhlunga zikhawulelwe. Abakhiqizi banikeze inqubo yokuzihlanza yokuhlunga, ehlanganisa ukushisa i-soot kuwo. Inqubo ivame ukwenzeka njalo ngezinkulungwane ezimbalwa zamakhilomitha. Nokho, kufanele kube nezimo ezifanele zalokhu, i.e. ithuba lokushayela okuzinzile ngesivinini esiphezulu imizuzu engu-10-15. Ngakho, udinga ukushayela kuthelawayeka noma onguthelawayeka.

Ukwelashwa kwe-soot afterburning akusebenzi ngaso sonke isikhathi; Kwakukhona izimo lapho ingxenye eyengeziwe kaphethiloli, idonswa ukwandisa isivinini senjini, futhi ngenxa yalokho izinga lokushisa lamagesi okukhipha umoya, langena kuwoyela wenjini, liyihlambulula. Ingozi yomcimbi onjalo ivela ngokuyinhloko uma kwenzeka inqubo ye-afterburner iphazanyiswa umshayeli, isibonelo, uma kwenzeka isimo esingalindelekile emgwaqeni: ukubhuleka kungazelelwe, izinguquko zegiya futhi, ngaleyo ndlela, ukuphambuka kwenjini ukusuka isivinini esikhulisiwe. Imiphumela ingaba yingozi kakhulu esimweni senjini, kanye ne-turbocharger, egcotshwe ngamafutha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuhlale kunezingxenye ezingashi ku-soot, ukuqoqwa kwazo, ngokushesha noma kamuva, kuzoholela ekuvaleni unomphela kwesihlungi, okubandakanya isidingo sokusishintsha. Futhi lokhu kuhlala kuyizindleko zezinkulungwane ezimbalwa zama-zloty, ngokuvamile isihlungi esisha silinganiselwa ku-10000 zlotys.

Indlela yokunakekela isihlungi se-particle?

Ukushayela edolobheni kungaba yingozi ezihlungini ze-diesel particulate. Uma imoto ingasetshenziswa emigwaqweni yezimoto, izimo ze-exhaust system azanele ukutshisa umule. Okubaluleke kakhulu lapha ukuqwashisa abashayeli. Uma sisebenzisa imoto yethu isikhathi esiningi edolobheni, kubiza zonke izinkulungwane ezi-2-3. amakhilomitha, hamba uhambo lwamakhilomitha amaningana angamashumi eduze nomgwaqo osheshayo.

Bheka futhi: Injini yesimanje kadizili - kungenzeka yini nokuthi ungasikhipha kanjani isihlungi sezinhlayiya kuyo - umhlahlandlela

Ngisho naphezu kokulandela izincomo, impilo yesevisi yesihlungi esivamile ayidluli i-mileage eyizinkulungwane ezingu-150-200. km. Uphawu lwesihlungi esivalekile ukwehla kwamandla bese injini ingena kumodi yesimo esiphuthumayo. Khona-ke usengazama ukuphoqelela inqubo yokukhishwa kwekhabhoni ngaphansi kwezimo zokusebenza, kodwa lokhu akusebenzi ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukususwa kwesihlungi kuhlala kuhlotshaniswa nenani lezinye intuthuko (i-exhaust, isofthiwe) futhi kubiza i-PLN 1500-3000. Kuphinde kube yisinqumo esingekho emthethweni, futhi imoto eguqulwe ngale ndlela ayinalo ithuba lokuhlangabezana nezindinganiso eziqinile zokukhipha umoya. Lokhu kungase kugcine ngokuthi amaphoyisa abambelele ebufakazini, noma kube nezinkinga zokudlula ukuhlolwa kwezimoto okuyimpoqo esiteshini sokuhlola izimoto.

Ama-injection kaphethiloli - injini ye-diesel ibakweleta ukusebenza nokusetshenziswa kancane kukaphethiloli.

Esinye isici esibalulekile sezinjini zesimanje zedizili ama-injection ka-diesel fuel, namuhla avame ukusebenza ohlelweni lwesitimela oluvamile. Umjovo ojwayelekile unomzimba, i-solenoid, ivalvu yokulawula, kanye nethiphu yomjovo. Izakhi ezimbili zokugcina zivame ukuhluleka. Uma i-valve isigugile, uphethiloli okufanele uthathiwe ubuyiselwa ethangini. Khona-ke ngeke siyiqale injini. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uphawu oluyinhloko lwamathiphu okujova avaliwe noma agugile intuthu emnyama. Ama-injection kaloliwe ajwayelekile ahlukaniswe ama-electromagnetic kanye nama-piezoelectric injectors. Njengamanje, abukho ubuchwepheshe obufakazelwe nobusebenzayo bokukhanda nokuvuselela ama-injection e-piezo; izinyathelo zikhawulelwe ekuxilongweni kwazo kanye nokushintshwa kwezintsha.

Ukuvuselelwa komjovo wesitimela okuvamile

Kodwa-ke, izimoto zibuswa ama-injection kagesi, ukuvuselelwa kwawo kuyindlela ethandwa kakhulu futhi ephumelelayo yokulungisa. Ama-injection e-Denso ahlukile lapha. Nakuba izingxenye ezisele namashadi okukhanda etholakala ezinhlelweni ze-Bosch ne-Delphi, i-Denso yenza kungenzeki ukulungisa imikhiqizo yayo kusukela ekuqaleni. Imibhobho yale nkampani ifakwe ezimotweni zezinhlobo eziningi zaseJapan, nakwezinye izimoto zakwaFord neFiat. Muva nje, i-Denso isiqalile ukwethula inqubomgomo ekhululekile kancane, futhi ishabhu eyodwa egunyaziwe isivele yasungulwa e-Poland, ebhekene nokuvuselelwa kabusha kwalawo ma-injection. Ngokuya ngemodeli (isibonelo, iToyota), ungathenga ama-injection lapho ngamanani asukela ku-PLN 700 kuya ku-PLN 1400 lilinye, elingaphansi kwesigamu sezindleko zento entsha etholakala kumenzi.

Bheka futhi: Ukuvuselelwa kanye nokulungiswa kwama-injection kadizili - amasistimu omjovo angcono kakhulu

Ukuvuselelwa kabusha kwezinhlelo zeBosch neDelphi ishibhile; Sizothola ingxenye egcwele ngokugcwele ngenani le-PLN 200 kuya ku-700, futhi izindleko zentsha ngokuphelele zizosuka ku-PLN 900 ziye ku-1500. Amanani awafaki izindleko zomsebenzi - kusuka ku-PLN 200 kuya ku-300 yokuhlanganisa ikhithi. Kodwa-ke, kuma-injection e-piezoelectric angakwazi ukulungiswa, kuzodingeka sikhokhe kusukela ku-1000 kuya ku-1500 zloty ucezu ngalunye; izibonelo zamamodeli asetshenziswe kuwo: Skoda Octavia 2.0 TDI CR, Renault Laguna 2.0 dCi, Mercedes E320 CDI.

Indlela yokunakekela ama-injection enjini ye-diesel enesistimu yesitimela evamile hhayi kuphela?

Ukwehluleka komjovo ezinjinini zikadizili kuvame ukubangelwa uphethiloli wedizili osezingeni eliphansi. Ngemiklamo yesimanje, okubizwa ngokuthi ama-fuel-free-free fuels asetshenziswa, ngoba isibabule sinomthelela ekugqokeni okusheshayo kwemibhobho yomjovo. Ukuba khona kwamanzi nokungcola kuphethiloli kungaqeda impilo yama-injection ngokushesha, njengoba kufanele babhekane nezingcindezi kuze kufike ku-2000 bar.

Okuwukuphela, kodwa kuze kube manje indlela yokuvimbela engabazisayo ukufaka uphethiloli kuphela eziteshini ezinophawu oluqinisekisiwe. Khumbula ukushintsha isihlungi sikaphethiloli njalo; Futhi, ukuhlanzwa ngezikhathi ezithile kwethangi likaphethiloli ezimweni zasePoland kubonakala njengesixazululo esinengqondo sokuvimbela. Ngisho nalapho i-refueling nge-diesel fuel eziteshini ezinhle, ngemva kokugijima kwezinkulungwane ezingu-50. km ngaphansi kwethangi likaphethiloli kungase kube nenani elikhulu le-sludge, okuthi, lapho imunwa yipompo, izolimaza ama-injection.

Bheka futhi: Imoto ehlangene entsha - ukuqhathanisa izindleko zokuthenga nokusebenzisa amamodeli adumile

- Uma usebenzisa imoto enenjini yesimanje kadizili, kubalulekile ukulandela zonke izincomo zomkhiqizi wemoto. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukugcinwa okuvamile nochwepheshe, ngoba lezi zinjini, ngenxa yobunzima bazo, zidinga ukunakekelwa okukhethekile. Nokho, ngisho noma ulandela le mithetho futhi usebenzisa imoto yakho ngokuhlakanipha phakathi kwezimoto ezixubile, cishe ngeke ukugweme ukwehluleka komjovo noma ukuvala isihlungi se-diesel particulate. Ngakho-ke, ngisho nangaphambi kokuthenga imoto, kufanele ucabange ngenguqulo kaphethiloli evame ukungaxaki kangako, ngoba ngokuvamile imali egcinwe kuphethiloli kufanele ishiywe esiteshini, weluleka uZbigniew Domański.