Injini eyisi-cylinder yakwa-Fiat 0.9 TwinAir
Isilinda ephindwe kabili? Phela iFiat akuyona into entsha. Esikhathini esingengakanani esidlule i-Fiat ibisenza izinto eziningi eTychy, ePoland, okuthiwa. Le "encane" (i-Fiat 126 P), edume kakhulu ezweni lethu, iqhutshwa yinjini edumayo nonyakazisa umoya opholile oyi-cylinder amabili. Ngemuva kwe-hiatus emfushane (i-cylinder ezimbili i-Fiat 2000 yayisakhiqizwa ngo-126), i-Fiat Group yanquma ukuphinde ingene emhlabeni wezinjini ezimbili ezinamasilinda. Injini eyi-SGE yamasilinda amabili yenziwa eBielsko-Biala, ePoland.
Okuncane komlando "ongaphansi kwesilinda".
Abashayeli abaningi bezimoto asebekhulile bakhumbula izinsuku lapho injini enamasilinda amabili (okungeyona i-turbo, yebo) yayiyinkinga evamile. Ngaphandle kwe "baby" ekhalayo, abaningi bakhumbula i-Fiat 500 yokuqala (1957-1975), eyayinenjini yangemuva ene-cylinder, Citroen 2 CV (injini yesibhakela) kanye neTrabant edume (BMV - Bakelite Motor Vehicle) . ) enenjini enamasilinda amabili namasondo angaphambili. Ngaphambi kwempi, uhlobo oluphumelelayo lwe-DKW lwalunamamodeli amaningi afanayo. I-F1 yayiyingqalabutho yezimoto ezincane ezinokhuni kusukela ngo-1931, kanti injini yamasilinda amathathu yayisetshenziswa ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene ze-DKW kwaze kwaba yiminyaka yamashumi amahlanu. Amasilinda amabili athengisa kakhulu i-LLoyd e-Bremen (1950-1961, yomibili ne-four-stroke) kanye ne-Glas evela e-Dingolfing (Goggomobil 1955-1969). Ngisho ne-DAF encane ezenzakalelayo ephuma eNetherlands yasebenzisa injini enamasilinda amabili kwaze kwaba ngama-XNUMXs.
Naphezu kwenkolelo evamile yokuthi kuyinto encane ukuba namasilinda angaphansi kwamane emotweni, kwaFiat banqume ukuthatha lesi sinyathelo. Abanikazi be-HTP "edumile emhlabeni wonke" bangakhuluma ngalokhu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kuyaziwa ukuthi injini enama-cylinder amabili inenani elizuzisayo nesilinganiso esiphezulu samakamelo omlilo, kanye nokulahlekelwa kwe-friction ephansi, okubuyisele lolu hlobo lwenjini ku-ajenda yabakhiqizi abaningi bezimoto. Kuze kube manje kwaFiat kube ngeyokuqala ukwenza umsebenzi wokuguqula "umshanelo" owake "waklabalasa" futhi odlidlizayo ube umnumzane onesizotha. Ngemva kokuhlolwa okuningana komphakathi wezintatheli, singasho ukuthi uphumelele ngezinga elikhulu. Ukwehliswa kokusetshenziswa nakho kunomthelela ekwehliseni ukukhishwa kwesisi esibamba ukushisa. I-Fiat igcina isikhundla sokuqala ekwehliseni imikhawulo yokuphuma kwemikhumbi ye-CO2 ngo-2009 isilinganiso esingu-127 g / km.
0,9 double cylinder SGE nomthamo onembile ongu-875 cc3 yakhelwe ukufaka ezinye zezinguqulo ezibuthakathaka ze-FIRE ezine-cylinder ezimi isikhathi eside. Ngokuphambene nalokho, kufanele ilethe ukonga okuphawulekayo hhayi kuphela ekusetshenzisweni nasekukhishweni kwe-CO.2, kodwa lokhu ikakhulukazi ukonga okuphawulekayo ngosayizi kanye nasezindlekweni zokukhiqiza. Uma uyiqhathanisa nenjini efanayo eyisilinda, ingu-23 cm mfushane futhi ilula okweshumi. Ikakhulu, ingama-33 cm ubude kuphela futhi inesisindo esingu-85 kg kuphela. Ubukhulu obuncane nesisindo akugcini nje ngokunciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza ngezinto ezincane, kepha futhi kunomthelela omuhle ekusebenzeni kokugibela kanye nempilo yezingxenye ze-chassis. Kukhona nezinketho ezingcono zokufaka ezinye izinto ezinciphisa ukusetshenziswa, njengokufaka enye imoto kagesi yamayunithi we-hybrid noma ukuguqulwa okungenazinkinga ku-LPG noma ku-CNG.
Isicelo sokuqala sale njini kwakuyi-Fiat ka-2010, eyethulwe eGeneva futhi yathengiswa kusukela ngoSepthemba 500, ifakwe uhlobo lwamahhashi angama-85 (63 kW). Ngokusho komkhiqizi, ikhiqiza ngokwesilinganiso i-95 g kuphela ye-C0.2 ikhilomitha ngalinye, elihambisana ukusetshenziswa isilinganiso 3,96 l / 100 km. Isekelwe enguqulweni yomkhathi enamandla angu-48 kW. Ezinye izinhlobo ezimbili sezivele zine-turbocharger futhi zinamandla angu-63 no-77 kW. Injini inesibaluli se-TwinAir, lapho i-Twin isho amasilinda amabili bese kuthi i-Air iyi-Multiair system, i. isikhathi se-electro-hydraulic, sithatha indawo ye-camshaft yokungenisa. I-cylinder ngayinye ineyunithi yayo ye-hydraulic ene-valve ye-solenoid enquma isikhathi sokuvula.
Injini inokwakhiwa kwe-alluminium futhi inomjovo kaphethiloli ongaqondile. Ngenxa yohlelo olungenhla lweMultiAir, lonke uchungechunge lwesikhathi lukhawulelwe kuketanga elilodwa lokuzinqumela elinokwethenjelwa nge-tensioner ende eshayela i-camshaft eseceleni. Ngenxa yomklamo, bekudingeka ukuthi kufakwe ishafu yokulinganisa ejikeleza kabili ijubane ohlangothini olubheke ngaku-crankshaft, lapho iqhutshwa khona ngqo yigiya le-spur. I-turbocharger epholile ngamanzi iyingxenye yamapayipi e-exhaust futhi, ngenxa yokwakheka kwawo kwanamuhla nosayizi omncane, inikeza impendulo ngokushesha esenzweni se-accelerator. Ngokuya nge-torque, inguqulo enamandla kakhulu ifaniswa ne-1,6 efiseleke ngokwemvelo. Izinjini ezinamandla ka-85 no-105 hp ifakwe i-turbine epholile yamanzi evela eMitsubishi. Ngenxa yalokhu kuphelela kobuchwepheshe, asikho isidingo se-valve mpintsha.
Kungani udinga ishafu yokulinganisa?
Ukucwengwa nokuthula kwenjini kuhlobene ngqo nenani lamasilinda nokuklanywa, ngombuso wokuthi inani elingalingani futhi ikakhulukazi inani elincane lamasilinda lilulaza ukusebenza kwenjini. Inkinga ivela ekutheni ama-piston athuthukisa amandla amakhulu we-inertia lapho ehla enyuka, nethonya lawo okumele lisuswe. Amandla okuqala avela lapho i-piston ishesha futhi yehla esikhungweni esifile. Amandla wesibili adalwa ukunyakaza okungeziwe kwenduku yokuxhuma ezinhlangothini phakathi kokugoba kogwaja. Ubuciko bokwenza ama-motors ukuthi wonke amandla we-inertial ahlangana nomunye esebenzisa ama-vibration dampers noma ama-counterweights. Injini eyi-cylinder eyishumi nambili noma eyisithupha eyisicaba eyi-flat-boxer ilungele ukushayela. Injini yakudala emgqeni wesine oyisilinda izwa ukudlidlizela okuphezulu kwe-torsional okubangela ukudlidlizela. Ama-piston ku-cylinder ephindwe kabili ngasikhathi sinye phezulu nasezikhungweni ezifile, ngakho-ke kwakudingeka ukuthi kufakwe i-shaft yokulinganisa emandleni angafuneki we-inertial.
