Wipers: inkinga encane kodwa ebalulekile

Ama-Wipers ayinto engabonakali, kodwa ebaluleke kakhulu yemoto. Ngokushesha kwacaca ukuthi kwakungenakwenzeka ukugibela ngaphandle kwabo.

Amawipha kagesi okuqala injini yavela ezimotweni zakwa-Opel. I-Opel sports convertible yango-1928 isivele inayo. ama-wipers. Ngokuphambene nemikhuba yethu isandla sasinamathele phezulu engilazini. Bese kuthatha umzamo omncane ukuhambisa i-wiper.

Amawipha ezimoto acishe abe yiminyaka eyi-100. Eyokuqala yayinelungelo lobunikazi ngo-1908 nguBaron Heinrich von Preussen. “Umugqa wakhe wokuhlanza” kwakudingeka uhanjiswe ngesandla, ngakho ngokuvamile wayewela phezu kwabagibeli. Nakuba umqondo ngokwawo wawungasebenzi kakhulu, wawuthuthukisa umfanekiso wemoto - kwakulula ukuyisebenzisa esimweni sezulu esibi.

Ngokushesha eMelika, kwasungulwa uhlelo olukhulula abagibeli emisebenzini yokushayela ama-wiper. Zazishayelwa umshini womoya. Ngeshwa, isebenze uma imile kuphela, ngoba njengoba imoto yayihamba ngesivinini, ama-wiper ayehamba kancane. Ngo-1926, u-Bosch wethula ama-wiper anenjini. Eyokuqala yafakwa ezimotweni zakwa-Opel, kodwa bonke abakhiqizi bayethula ngonyaka ofanayo.

Amawipha okuqala ayefakwe ohlangothini lomshayeli kuphela. Kumgibeli, bekuyimishini ozikhethela yona etholakala kuphela enguqulweni yezandla.

Ekuqaleni, umata wawuyinduku nje eboshwe ngenjoloba. Yayisebenza kahle kumafasitela ayisicaba. Nokho, lapho izimoto ezinamafasitela aqhumile ziqala ukukhiqizwa, kwadingeka ukuba kwakhiwe ama-wiper ukuze afane nokuma kwe-windshield. Namuhla, isibambo sibanjwe uchungechunge lwezandla namaqupha.

Enye "i-windshield washer" kwakuyisistimu yokuwasha i-windshield, nayo eyethulwe ngu-Bosch. Kuvele ukuthi i-rugs ayilula njengoba ibonakala. Ngakho-ke, ukuthuthukiswa okuhlukahlukene kwethulwa ku-60s, kuhlanganise nokuma kwe-aerodynamic kwama-wipers. Ngo-1986, ama-windshield wiper afakwa nge-spoiler eyayiwacindezela ngokumelene ne-windshield uma ushayela ngesivinini esikhulu.

Kuze kube yilolu suku, isisekelo sokukhiqizwa kwama-rugs yinjoloba yemvelo, nakuba namuhla ihlotshiswe ngezithasiselo ezihlukahlukene, futhi ukwakheka kwezimpaphe kukhethwa kusetshenziswa amakhompyutha.

Ngokukhulayo, amadivaysi azenzakalelayo aya ngokuya evame kakhulu, avula ama-wiper lapho amaconsi amanzi evela ku-windshield futhi alungise isivinini se-wiper kuye ngokuthi imvula inamandla kangakanani. Ngakho maduze nje sizoyeka ukucabanga ngabo ngokuphelele.

Nakekela imiphetho

Sinaka isimo sama-wiper kuphela uma kungekho lutho olubonakalayo ngamafasitela angcolile, anethwe yimvula. Ngokunakekelwa okufanele kwama-wiper, lesi sikhathi singabambezeleka kakhulu.

Ngokubona kukaBosch, ama-wiper eNtshonalanga Yurophu ashintshwa minyaka yonke, ePoland - njalo eminyakeni emithathu. Impilo yombhede ilinganiselwa ku-125. imijikelezo, i.e. izinyanga eziyisithupha zokusetshenziswa. Kodwa-ke, zivame ukushintshwa kamuva, ngoba umbono ujwayele izimo ezimbi kakhulu futhi sinaka ama-wiper kuphela lapho esegugile kakhulu futhi izindawo ezingcolile zibonakala ngokucacile, futhi i-wiper ayisawaqoqi amanzi kakhulu, kodwa gcoba engilazini.

Isimo se-wiper edge sinomthelela omkhulu ekusebenzeni kwe-wiper. Ngakho-ke kufanelekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ungabangeli ukulimala okungadingekile noma ama-chips. Lokhu kungenzeka, isibonelo, lapho ama-windshield wiper evuliwe lapho i-windshield yomile. Amaphethelo azo abe eseguga ingilazi, embozwe yizinhlayiya zothuli njengephepha le-sandpaper, eguga ngokushesha izikhathi ezingu-25 kunalapho imanzi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umata owomile uzokhipha izinhlayiya zothuli futhi azihlikihle engilazini, ashiye imihuzuko. Elangeni noma ekukhanyeni kwemoto evela kolunye uhlangothi, ngemva kwesikhashana singabona inethiwekhi yemihuzuko emincane, ezimweni ezinjalo ephazamisa kakhulu ukubonakala.

Ngakho-ke, kufanele usebenzise ama-sprayer. Qiniseka ukuthi ziqukethe uketshezi olulungile. Uketshezi olungafaneleki lungase luhlangane nerabha futhi kulimaze i-nib.

Lapho ugeza imoto yakho, kufanelekile futhi ukusula ama-wiper blades njengoba eqoqa izinsalela zezinambuzane nothuli, okuphazamisa imiphetho futhi kunciphisa ukusebenza kahle.

Uma kwenzeka ukuthi i-wiper iqhwa ku-windshield, ungayinqamuli. Okokuqala, ngenxa yokuthi unqenqema lwalo luhlakazekile, lushiya imigqa yamanzi angageziwe engilazini. Okwesibili, ngokudonsa kanzima, singagoba izingalo ze-wiper zensimbi. Ngeke ibonakale emehlweni, kodwa i-wiper ngeke ihambisane kahle nengilazi, ngakho-ke kuzoba nemigqa eminingi.

Akekho ongabaza ukuthi ama-wiper athinta ukubonakala. Kodwa futhi banganezela ekukhathaleni kokushayela, njengoba ukubona umgwaqo ngamafasitela “afakwe umbala ogqamile” ngodaka noma ambozwe amajethi amanzi afiphalisa isithombe kudinga ukugxilisa ingqondo nomzamo owengeziwe. Kalula nje, ukunakekela omata kuwukunakekela ukuphepha kwakho.

Okusha kwesesibili

I-Bosch yethule isizukulwane esisha samawipha athengiswayo ePoland.

Ama-wiper e-Aerotwin ahluka kuma-wiper endabuko cishe ngazo zonke izindlela - ikakhulukazi umumo ohlukile webhulashi kanye nesibambi esiwasekelayo. I-Bosch yethula ama-wiper amabili ngo-1994. Ibhulashi lenziwe ngezinhlobo ezimbili zenjoloba. Ingxenye engezansi ye-wiper iqinile, futhi unqenqema lwebhulashi luhlanza ingilazi ngokuphumelelayo. Ixhumeka endaweni yokuphumula ngengalo ngendlela ethambile, engaphezulu evumelana nezimo, okuvumela umata ukuthi ulingane kangcono kuwindshield. Endabeni ye-Aerotwin, i-lever nayo ishintshiwe. Esikhundleni sebha yensimbi yokuzinzisa, kunemigoqo emibili yezinto eziguquguqukayo, futhi izingalo namahinge kuthathelwa indawo i-spoiler eguquguqukayo. Ngenxa yalokho, i-wiper icindezelwa kangcono ngokumelene ne-windshield. Ukusatshalaliswa kwamandla amakhulu kwandisa impilo ngama-30%, kuyilapho ukwakheka kwe-wiper kunciphisa ukumelana komoya ngo-25%, okunciphisa izinga lomsindo. Ukwakheka kukabakaki kukuvumela ukuthi uyifihle ngaphansi kwekhava yenjini uma ingasebenzi.

Ama-Wiper alolu hlobo afakwe ezimotweni ezibizayo kusukela ngo-1999 (ikakhulukazi ezimotweni zaseJalimane - Mercedes, Audi neVolkswagen, kodwa futhi ku-Skoda Superb ne-Renault Vel Satis). Kodwa-ke, kuze kube manje azikatholakali ngaphandle kwenethiwekhi yeziteshi zesevisi ezigunyaziwe zabakhiqizi bezimoto abazisebenzisayo. Manje sezizotholakala ezitolo ezinkulu nasezitolo.

I-Bosch ilinganisela ukuthi ngo-2007, u-80% walolu hlobo lwe-wiper luzobe lusetshenziswa. ed.

Phezulu kwesihloko