Izinjini zeToyota Yaris
Okuqukethwe
Umbukiso wezimoto iFrankfurt ngo-1998 wawungowokuqala wemoto entsha yesikhondlakhondla semoto yaseJapan iToyota - FanTime. Abasiki bengqephu kubathathe izinyanga eziyisithupha kuphela ukuyishuna kahle le moto bese beyethula eGeneva ngaphansi kohlobo lweYaris. Inguqulo ye-serial ihluke ku-"progenitor" ngedivayisi yokukhanyisa yangaphakathi eqinile. Idizayinelwe ngesitayela esincane saseJapan, i-hatchback encane edonsa ngamasondo angaphambili ithathe indawo yeToyota Starlet esiphelelwe yisikhathi. Le moto ivele yawina umthengi wayo ezindlini zombukiso zase-Europe (Vitz) nase-America (Belta).
Umlando wokudalwa nokukhiqiza
Eminyakeni emibili nje ngemva komdlalo wokuqala osemthethweni, imoto entsha yawina ukuqokwa kwe-European Car of the Year 2000. Emakethe yezwe elidala, ukukhululwa kwe-Yaris kwethulwa kwenye yezinkampani zezimoto zaseFrance. Ngokuklama kwayo, umzimba ohlangene we-hatchback wawufana kakhulu nezinhlobo ze-Peugeot 3 Series. Imoto yomqondo iyi-hatchback enezicabha ezintathu noma ezinhlanu ezinamasondo angaphambili. Ukuphumelela kwemodeli kwavumela abaphathi beToyota ukuthi bahlole isimo somzimba: amaveni amancane aphuma emgqeni womhlangano eMelika ngaphansi kohlobo lweToyota Verso, futhi ama-sedans agxivizwa kubathengi baseYurophu.
Okuhluke ngokulinganayo kwaba ukukhetha kokudlulisela. "Irobhothi" yafakwa ezinjinini eziphansi kakhulu ze-1-litre, futhi ukuhanjiswa okuzenzakalelayo kwafakwa ezinjinini eziyi-1,3-litre. Ngo-2003, iToyota yakhipha izimoto ezinamandla kakhudlwana ezingu-1,5-litre njengengxenye yokulungiswa kabusha kwesitayela. Abathengi baseMelika bebengathenga i-Echo sedan ne-hatchback. I-Yaris yakhiqizwa ngisho nase-China ngaphansi komkhiqizo we-FAW Vizi.
Uma uthi nhlá iYaris kucace bha ukuthi lena imoto elungele abantu besifazane. Ukushayela kalula - amaphuzu angu-5. Yonke imisebenzi "yengqondo" ye-elekthronikhi iphindwa yi-LED "eyakho" kudeshibhodi. Lapha, abaklami nonjiniyela beyunithi kagesi bathathe okuhle kakhulu kwaRenault Twingo.
Ukuboniswa kolwazi lwale moto kuqashelwe inombolo enkulu yabasebenzisi njengehamba phambili kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezimoto ezidumile. Ngokuphathelene nekhono lokuguqula ikhabethe kanye nokuphepha kokusebenza, yonke into ibuye ibe sezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu: izinkanyezi ezi-5 ngokwezinga le-EuroNCAP.
Kodwa ukonga ezintweni ezibizayo zokuqedela izingxenye ezihlukene zekhabethe kusazenza ukuthi uzizwe - umbono awulungile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, "Yaris" akuyona neze imoto ekahle mayelana soundproofing. Ngesivinini esikhulu, "i-bouquet yomsindo" yonke ilungiselelwa abagibeli:
- umsindo wesondo;
- ukukhala komoya;
- umsindo wenjini egijimayo.
Konke lokhu akubambi iqhaza ohambweni olude lomndeni ku-cabin yalokhu, ngokuvamile, imoto ephumelelayo.
Abesilisa abahlala esihlalweni esingaphambili kwesokunxele seToyota Yaris bancamela ukuhlola izimfanelo zemoto "ezivamile". Okokuqala, ukuphatha. Injini engenamandla kakhulu ehambisana no gearbox ozishintshayo noma werobhothi ayihambisani kahle nokukhuphuka okude, okuthambile ezindaweni eziqondile zama-autobahns.
Injini ivele iqale "ukuthimula". Imodi ekahle yokusebenza kwe-othomathikhi "i-pedal to the floor" ngegiya lesibili noma lesithathu. Okufanele kakhulu ingxenye yesifazane yomndeni ukuhamba kwedolobha phakathi kwamakhefi nezitolo.
Izinjini zeToyota Yaris
Ku-Yaris hatchbacks yezizukulwane ezi-2-4 (XP90-XP130) ngo-1998-2006, abakhi benjini baseJapane bakhiqiza izinhlobo ezi-4 zezitshalo zamandla ezinomthamo osebenzayo we-1,0, 1,3 no-1,5 amalitha, onamandla angu-69-108 hp:
| Ukumaka | Thayipha | Umthamo, cm 3 | Amandla amakhulu, kW / hp | Isistimu yamandla |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2SZ-FE | uphethiloli | 1296 | 64/87 | I-DOHC |
| 1KR-FE | uphethiloli | 996 | 51/70 | I-DOHC, i-Dual VVT-i |
| 1NR-FE | i-petroli emkhathini, ene-compressor | 1329 | 72/98 | I-DOHC, i-Dual VVT-i |
| 1NZ-FE | uphethiloli emkhathini | 1496 | 79/108 | I-DOHC |
Injini ye-2SZ-FE, eyakhiwe yi-Daihatsu, yayinezinkinga ezinkulu ezihambisana namaphutha ekusebenzeni kwendlela yokusabalalisa igesi. Lokhu kungenxa yokwakheka okungaphumelelanga kweketango leMorse. Ukuncipha kwayo kancane ngesikhathi sokunyakaza kwaholela ekugxumeni isuka ku-pulley. Ngenxa yalokho - ukushaywa okubucayi kwamapuleti e-valve kuma-pistons.
Isixazululo esinjalo esingaphumelelanga sanciphisa kakhulu uhla lwamamodeli lapho le njini yasetshenziswa khona ezintweni ezine.
Injini encane kunazo zonke ebangeni elisetshenziswa kwi-Yaris, i-1KR-FE ingomunye umkhiqizo ophuma enkampanini engaphansi kwenkampani yakwaToyota iDaihatsu ephikweni lenjini. Iyunithi ye-three-cylinder 70-horsepower ene-compression ratio ye-10,5: 1 inesisindo esingu-68 kg kuphela. Ukuthuthukiswa konjiniyela baseJapane bathola umklomelo wokuqala emncintiswaneni othi "Injini Yonyaka" izikhathi ezine zilandelana - kusukela ngo-2007 kuya ku-2010.
Lokhu kwenziwe lula "inqwaba" yolwazi:
- uhlelo lokusabalalisa igesi i-VVTi;
- I-MPFI electronic fuel injection;
- i-plastic intake kaningi ukwenza ngcono ukugcwaliswa kwamasilinda ngengxube evuthayo.
I-motor ibonise omunye wemiphumela engcono kakhulu phakathi kwazo zonke i-automakers mayelana nobungane bemvelo - kuphela i-109 g / km.
Injini yochungechunge lweNZ ibinamandla kakhulu kuzo zonke izinjini zamaYaris. I-four-cylinder mechanism inezintambo ezihlukene zokubonisa ama-injection. Njengabamele "uchungechunge oluncane", i-1NZ-FE ifakwe isistimu yokusabalalisa igesi ye-VVTi. Umjovo wamafutha - ngokulandelana, i-SFI. Isistimu yokuthungela - DIS-4.
Injini ye-1NR-FE yaqala ukufakwa ochungechungeni lwe-European Yaris, ishiya i-4ZZ-FE engasasebenzi. Emakethe yasekhaya yaseJapan, uchungechunge olusha nokulungiswa kabusha kwezinye izinguqulo zithole injini entsha esikhundleni se-2NZ-FE kanye ne-2SZ-FE. Izindlela ezimbili ezibalulekile zenjini zithuthukisiwe:
- amavolovolo;
- ukudla okuningi.
Izimoto ezihloselwe ukusebenza emazweni anesimo sezulu esibi esishisayo zithole isistimu yokushisisa epholile ngemodi "yokuqala okubandayo".
Naphezu kohlobo oluthile lwezinjini, "zishaya" izinguquko ezihlukene ezingu-14 zezimoto zeToyota:
| Imodeli | 2SZ-FE | 1KR-FE | 1NR-FE | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| imoto | ||||
| Toyota | ||||
| I-Auris | * | |||
| I-Belta | * | * | ||
| I-Corolla | * | |||
| I-Corolla Axio | * | |||
| iQ | * | * | ||
| Isinyathelo | * | * | ||
| I-Porte | * | |||
| I-Probox | * | |||
| I-Ractis | * | * | ||
| I-Roomy | * | |||
| Spade | * | |||
| tank | * | |||
| Vitz | * | * | * | |
| I-Yaris | * | * | * | |
| Inani: | 4 | 7 | 11 | 22 |
I-Yaris esemthethweni enenjini engu-1496cc turbocharged3 I-Toyota ayizange ibe khona, kodwa kusukela ngo-2010 akubanga nzima ukuthenga izimoto nge-supercharger. Enye injini "eza" ngokushesha kulolu chungechunge iyinjini ye-diesel evamile ene-turbocharged enamandla angu-75 hp. Inketho engcono kakhulu yalolu hlobo lwesitshalo samandla ukuhambisa ngesandla.
Kodwa-ke, uma i-clutch ezenzakalelayo ifakwe ngokuhambisana nayo, ukushayela kuphenduka ukuhlukunyezwa.
Okokuqala udinga ukuqala injini ngesivinini hlangothi. Isiqalisi kunoma yiliphi elinye igiya okwamanje sisavaliwe. Okulandelayo ukuguqulwa kwe-lever, emva kwalokho i-electronics ithathwa ukuze isebenze. I-clutch isebenza ngokuya ngokuma kwe-lever nama-pedals. Uma isivinini esidingekayo sishelela, isibani sokulawula sikhanya kuphaneli yokulawula, ebika iphutha.
Injini edume kakhulu yezimoto zeYaris
I-1NR-FE motor isetshenziswa kakhulu ekulungisweni kwe-Yaris. Ukukhiqizwa kwayo kwasungulwa emabhizinisini okwakha injini aseYurophu naseJapan. Ukuguqulwa kokuqala komzimba okwafakwa kukho kwakuyi-XP99F (2008). Ithimba lokuklama lethule inani lemikhiqizo emisha, kamuva eyasakazeka kabanzi.
- Ukuthuthukisa idizayini ye-multiple intake ngokulingisa ikhompuyutha.
- Idizayini yezinto ezibuyekeziwe (i-carbon ceramide), isisindo sepiston esincishisiwe.
Injini ye-98-horsepower enesistimu yokupholisa yohlobo oluvulekile iklanyelwe ukuhambisana nezindinganiso zemvelo ze-Euro 5. Izinga eliphezulu elivumelekile lokukhishwa yi-128 g / km., Ngenxa yesenzo se-valve ye-EGR elawulwa yi-stepper motor. Izinga "lomugqa obomvu", okuthiwa yi-cutoff, liku-6000 rpm.
Ngenxa yokungabusheleli kwendawo yama-cylinder liners, ukunamathela kanye nezinga lokudlulisa ukushisa ku-coolant kuye kwaba ngcono. Ngokombono, akunakwenzeka ukubhoboza i-cylinder block yokulungisa injini ngokwamandla. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ibanga phakathi kwamabhulokhi lincane - 7 mm kuphela.
Ukwakheka kwama-manifolds: ukungenisa (ipulasitiki) - ngemuva, khipha (insimbi) - ngaphambili.
Injini ye-1NR-FE ithembekile ngendlela emangalisayo.
Kumaphutha abonakalayo, amabili kuphela angaqashelwa:
- ukwanda kokusetshenziswa kukawoyela;
- ubunzima ngemodi yokuqala ebandayo.
Ngemva kokufinyelela 200 ayizinkulungwane km. run, ukungqongqoza kokushayela komshini we-VVTi kanye nensimu ezindongeni zomthamo wokungenisa kungase kuvele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iphampu yamanzi ingase ivuze.
Ukukhetha okuphelele kwemoto kweYaris
Impendulo yalo mbuzo isobala. Kulezo zinjini ezaba yisisekelo sezitshalo zamandla ezimoto ze-Yaris, i-1KR-FE iphenduke yaba phambili kakhulu. Imiklomelo emine yezimoto zonyaka ilandelana iwumphumela womsebenzi onezithelo weqembu lonjiniyela iDaihatsu.
Okokuqala, isisindo senjini sancishiswa ngangokunokwenzeka. Ukuze wenze lokhu, izingxenye ezinkulu zenjini ziphonswa ngama-alloys e-aluminium esikhundleni sensimbi. Lolu hlu lwaluhlanganisa:
- isilinda block;
- ipani lamafutha;
- ikhanda lesilinda.
I-VVTi, izinduku zokuxhuma zama-stroke amade kanye nesistimu yokuthuthukisa i-intake tract kukuvumela ukuthi ufinyelele izinga eliphezulu le-torque kokubili kuma-revs aphezulu naphansi. Ukunciphisa ukulahlekelwa kwamandla ngesikhathi sokungqubuzana, iqembu le-piston liphathwa ngokubunjwa okwandisa ukumelana nokugqoka. Ukuma nobukhulu bamagumbi omlilo kuvumela ukufeza izimo ezinhle kakhulu zomzuzu wokushiswa kwengxube kaphethiloli. Lesi yisizathu senani eliphansi ngokumangalisayo lezinto ezikhishwayo eziyingozi ekushiseni kwenjini engu-1KR-FE.
