Izinjini Toyota V, 3V, 4V, 4V-U, 4V-EU, 5V-EU
Uchungechunge lwe-V lwezinjini luvule ikhasi elisha ekwakhiweni kwamamodeli amasha amayunithi wamandla ngabakhi bezinjini baseJapan. Amayunithi wamandla amakhulu endabuko ashintshwe ngempumelelo kwafakwa alula. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukucushwa kwe-cylinder block kushintshile.
Incazelo
Ekuqaleni kwawo-60s, onjiniyela bakwaToyota Motor Corporation basungula futhi bafaka ekukhiqizeni uchungechunge lwezinjini zesizukulwane esisha. Injini engu-V yaba ngumsunguli wohlobo olusha lwamandla kagesi olusanda kwakhiwa. Yaba injini yokuqala kaphethiloli enamasilinda ayisishiyagalombili emise okuka-V enamandla angu-2,6 litres. Ngaleso sikhathi, amandla ayo amancane (115 hp) kanye torque (196 Nm) kwakubhekwa ngokwanele ngokwanele.
Idizayinelwe imoto enkulu iToyota Crown Eight, eyafakwa kusukela ngo-1964 kuya ku-1967. Ngasekuqaleni kwawo-60s injini eyisishiyagalombili-cylinder kwaba inkomba izinga okusezingeni eliphezulu imoto.
Izici zokuklama
I-cylinder block, esikhundleni sensimbi ekhonjiwe, ngokokuqala ngqa eyenziwe nge-aluminium, eyanciphisa kakhulu isisindo seyunithi yonke. Ngaphakathi (ekuweni kwebhulokhi) i-camshaft ne-valve drive ifakiwe. Umsebenzi wabo wenziwa ngama-pusher kanye nezingalo ze-rocker. I-engeli ye-camber yayingu-90˚.
Amakhanda e-cylinder nawo ayenziwe nge-aluminium alloy. Amakamelo omlilo ayenomumo we-hemispherical (HEMI). Ikhanda lesilinda liyi-valve emibili elilula, elinepulaki yenhlansi engaphezulu.
Ama-cylinder liners amanzi. Ama-piston ajwayelekile. I-groove yendandatho ye-oil scraper ikhulisiwe (yandiswa).
Umsabalalisi wokuthungela ungumsabalalisi owaziwayo owaziwayo.
Umshini wokusatshalaliswa kwegesi wenziwa ngokulandela uhlelo lwe-OHV, olunomthelela omuhle ekubambisaneni nasekwenzeni kube lula ukwakhiwa kwenjini.
Ukudlidliza kwesibili kulinganisa umsebenzi wama-pistons aphikisanayo we-CPG, ngakho-ke ukufakwa kwe-balance shafts ku-block akunikeziwe. Ekugcineni, lesi sixazululo sinciphisa isisindo seyunithi, futhi ukwakheka kwayo kwenza kube lula kakhulu.
3V injini. Ihlelwe ngendlela efanayo neyandulelayo (V). Yakhiwe kusukela ngo-1967 kuya ku-1973. Kuze kube ngu-1997, yayifakwe kuToyota Century Limousine.
Inezilinganiso ezinkulu ezimbalwa. Lokhu kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukwandisa ukushaywa kwepiston ngo-10 mm. Umphumela uba amandla anda, torque kanye compression ratio. Ukushintshwa kwenjini nakho kukhuphuke kwafinyelela ku-3,0 litres.
Ngo-1967, umsabalalisi wendabuko wathathelwa indawo uhlelo lokuthungela ngogesi. Ngawo lowo nyaka, kwasungulwa idivayisi yokuvula ngokuzenzakalelayo ifeni yokupholisa.
Ngo-1973, ukukhiqizwa injini yayekwa. Esikhundleni salokho, ukukhiqizwa kuphumelele inguqulo ethuthukisiwe yangaphambili - 3,4 L. 4V. Ulwazi ngezinjini zalo modeli aluzange lugcinwe (ngaphandle kwalolo olukhonjiswe kuThebula 1).
Kuyaziwa ukuthi ukukhululwa kwayo kwenziwa kusukela ngo-1973 kuya ku-1983, futhi ukuguqulwa kwayo kwafakwa ku-Toyota Century kwaze kwaba ngu-1997.
Izinjini 4V-U, 4V-EU ifakwe isiguquli se-catalytic ngokuvumelana nezindinganiso zaseJapane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amayunithi kagesi e-4V-EU, ngokungafani nabanduleli bawo, ayenomjovo kaphethiloli we-elekthronikhi.
Ukufakwa kwakamuva ochungechungeni lwe-V kuye kwaba nenani lezinguquko ezibalulekile kozakwabo bangaphambili. Ukususwa kwenjini 4,0 l. 5V-EU ngokungafani nabangaphambi kwayo, kwakuyi-valve ephezulu, enesistimu yokusabalalisa igesi eyenziwe ngokusho kohlelo lwe-SOHC.
Umjovo wamafutha wenziwa yi-EFI electronic control system. Inikeze ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli okongayo futhi yehlisa ubuthi bamagesi aphumayo. Ukwengeza, ukuqala injini ebandayo kulula ngokuphawulekayo.
Njenge-4V-EU, injini yayinesiguquli se-catalytic esinikeza ukuhlanzwa kwe-exhaust kumazinga akhona.
Isihlungi sikawoyela ogoqekayo esisebenziseka kabusha sisetshenziswe ohlelweni lokuthambisa. Ngesikhathi sokulungiswa, kwakungadingi ukushintshwa - kwakwanele nje ukuyihlanza kahle. Umthamo wesistimu - 4,5 amalitha. amafutha.
I-5V-EU yafakwa kuToyota Century sedan (G1) yesizukulwane sokuqala kusukela ngoSepthemba 40 kuya kuNdasa 1987. Ukukhiqizwa kwenjini kwathatha iminyaka engu-1997 - kusukela ngo-15 kuya ku-1983.
Технические характеристики
Kuthebula lesifinyezo ukuze kube lula ukuqhathanisa, izici zobuchwepheshe zohlu lwenjini ye-V ziyavezwa.
| V | 3V | 4V | 4V-U | I-4V-EU | I-5V-EU | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| uhlobo lwenjini | Ubumbeke njengo-V | Ubumbeke njengo-V | Ubumbeke njengo-V | Ubumbeke njengo-V | Ubumbeke njengo-V | Ubumbeke njengo-V |
| Indawo yokuhlala | i-longitudinal | i-longitudinal | i-longitudinal | i-longitudinal | i-longitudinal | i-longitudinal |
| Ivolumu yenjini, cm³ | 2599 | 2981 | 3376 | 3376 | 3376 | 3994 |
| Amandla, hp | 115 | 150 | 180 | 170 | 180 | 165 |
| I-Torque, Nm | 196 | 235 | 275 | 260 | 270 | 289 |
| Isilinganiso sokucindezela | 9 | 9,8 | 8,8 | 8,5 | 8,8 | 8,6 |
| Isilinda block | aluminium | aluminium | aluminium | aluminium | aluminium | aluminium |
| Ikhanda lesilinda | aluminium | aluminium | aluminium | aluminium | aluminium | aluminium |
| Inani lamasilinda | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | |
| Ububanzi besilinda, mm | 78 | 78 | 83 | 83 | 83 | 87 |
| Piston unhlangothi, mm | 68 | 78 | 78 | 78 | 78 | 84 |
| Amasilinda ngesilinda ngasinye | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| Isikhathi sokushayela | uchungechunge | uchungechunge | uchungechunge | uchungechunge | uchungechunge | uchungechunge |
| Uhlelo lokusabalalisa igesi | I-OHV | I-SOHC | ||||
| Izinxephezelo zeHydraulic | ||||||
| Uhlelo lokuphakelwa kukaphethiloli | Umjovo we-elekthronikhi | Umjovo we-elekthronikhi, i-EFI | ||||
| I-Fuel | Uphethiloli AI-95 | |||||
| Isistimu yokugcoba, l | 4,5 | |||||
| I-Turbocharging | ||||||
| Izinga lobuthi | ||||||
| Insiza, ngaphandle. km | 300 + | |||||
| Isisindo kg | 225 | 180 |
Ukwethembeka kanye nokugcinwa
Izinga lezinjini zaseJapane alinakungabaza. Cishe noma iyiphi injini evuthayo yangaphakathi isizibonakalise iyiyunithi ethembeke ngokuphelele. Ihambisana nalesi simiso kanye nokudala "isishiyagalombili".
Ubulula bokuklama, izidingo eziphansi kumafutha asetshenzisiwe kanye nezinto zokugcoba zandisa ukwethembeka futhi zanciphisa amathuba okuhluleka. Isibonelo, intuthuko yamashumi eminyaka adlule ayizange ihlukaniswe ngemishini kaphethiloli eyinkimbinkimbi, futhi i-hard chain drive yanakekela ngaphezu kwamakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezingu-250. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, impilo yesevisi yezinjini "ezindala", yebo, ngaphansi kokunakekelwa okwanele noma okuncane, ngokuvamile kudlula amakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezingu-500.
Amayunithi amandla ochungechunge lwe-V aqinisekisa ngokugcwele ukufaneleka kwesisho esithi "elula, ethembeke kakhulu." Abanye abashayeli babiza lezi zinjini ngokuthi "izigidi". Akukho ukuqinisekiswa okuqondile kwalokhu, kodwa abantu abaningi bathi ukwethembeka kwesigaba se-premium. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi kumodeli ye-5V-EU.
Noma iyiphi injini yochungechunge lwe-V inokugcinwa okuhle. Amalayini abhokayo, kanye nokugaya i-crankshaft yosayizi olandelayo wokulungisa, alethi noma yibuphi ubunzima. Inkinga ilele kwenye indawo - kunzima ukucinga izingxenye ezisele "ezincane" nezinto ezisetshenziswayo.
Azikho izingxenye ezisele zangempela ezithengiswayo, njengoba ukukhishwa kwenjini akusekelwe ngumkhiqizi. Naphezu kwalobu bunzima, indlela yokuphuma kunoma yisiphi isimo ingatholakala. Isibonelo, shintsha okwangempela ufake i-analogue. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ungakwazi ukuthenga injini yenkontileka kalula (nakuba lokhu kusebenza kuphela kumodeli ye-5V-EU).
Ngendlela, iyunithi yamandla ye-Toyota 5V-EU ingasetshenziswa njengekhithi yokushintshanisa (ukushintshaniswa) lapho ifakwe kumikhiqizo eminingi yezimoto, ngisho nalezo ezenziwe eRussia - UAZ, I-Gazelle, njll. Kunevidiyo kulesi sihloko.
Ama-GXNUMX kaphethiloli amise okwe-V adalwe ngabakwaToyota abe yisiqalo sokuthuthukiswa kwezinjini zesizukulwane esisha.
