Toyota F, 2F, 3F, 3F-E izinjini

Injini yokuqala yochungechunge lweToyota F yasungulwa ngoDisemba 1948. Ukukhiqizwa kwe-serial kwaqala ngoNovemba 1949. Iyunithi yamandla yakhiqizwa iminyaka engamashumi amane nantathu, futhi ingomunye wabaholi mayelana nesikhathi sokukhiqiza phakathi kwamayunithi kagesi.

Umlando wokwakhiwa kwenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi yakwaToyota F

Injini yasungulwa ngo-December 1948. Bekuyinguqulo elungisiwe yenjini yangaphambili yohlobo B. Isizinda sikagesi safakwa okokuqala elolini iToyota BM yango-1949. Ngalolu hlobo lwenjini, imoto ibibizwa ngeToyota FM. Amaloli aqale alethwa eBrazil. Khona-ke injini yaqala ukufakwa ezimotweni ezihlukahlukene ezihwebayo, amaloli ezicishamlilo, ama-ambulensi nasezimotweni zamaphoyisa ezigadayo.

Ngo-August 1, 1950, iToyota Corporation yaqala ukukhiqiza iToyota Jeep BJ SUV, ukhokho weToyota Land Cruiser yodumo.

Toyota Jeep BJ

Imoto yathola igama elithi Land Cruiser ngo-1955, yaqala ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe ngaphansi kwaleli gama. Izimoto zokuqala ezithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe zazifakwe izinjini ze-F series, ezizenze zaduma.

I-Land Cruiser yokuqala

Inguqulo yesibili yenjini, ebizwa ngokuthi i-2F, yethulwa ngo-1975. Ukwenziwa kwesimanjemanje kwesikhungo sikagesi kwenziwa ngo-1985 futhi kwabizwa nge-3F. Ngo-1988, kwaqala ukulethwa kweLand Cruisers nale njini e-United States. Kamuva, kwavela inguqulo ye-3F-E ene-injector. Izinjini zochungechunge lwe-F zazikhona emgqeni womhlangano kuze kube ngu-1992. Khona-ke ukukhiqizwa kwabo kwamiswa ngokuphelele.

Izici zokuklama zezinjini ze-F

I-Toyota Jeep BJ yaklanywa ngokusekelwe emaphethini ezimoto ze-SUV zezempi. Le moto yayiklanyelwe ukunqoba izimo ezingekho emgwaqeni futhi yayingafanele ukushayela ku-asphalt. Injini ye-F nayo yayihambisana nayo. Eqinisweni, iyinjini enesivinini esiphansi, enesivinini esincane esinomshini omkhulu wokuthuthwa kwezimpahla nokushayela ezimweni ezinzima zomgwaqo, kanye nasezindaweni ezingenazo imigwaqo.

I-cylinder block nekhanda le-cylinder zenziwe ngensimbi ekhonjiwe. Amasilinda ayisithupha ahlelwe ngokulandelana. Uhlelo lokuphakela amandla luyi-carburetor. Isistimu yokuthungela iwumshini, inomsabalalisi.

Kusetshenziswa umklamo we-OHV, lapho ama-valve atholakala ekhanda le-cylinder futhi i-camshaft itholakala ngaphansi kwebhulokhi, ngokuhambisana ne-crankshaft. I-valve ivulwa kusetshenziswa ama-pusher. I-camshaft drive iwuhlobo lwegiya. Lolu hlelo luthembekile kakhulu, kodwa luqukethe izingxenye eziningi ezinkulu ezinomzuzu omkhulu we-inertia. Ngenxa yalokhu, izinjini eziphansi azithandi isivinini esikhulu.

Uma kuqhathaniswa neyandulelayo, uhlelo lokuthambisa lwathuthukiswa futhi kwafakwa namapiston angasindi. Ivolumu yokusebenza ingu-3,9 amalitha. Isilinganiso sokucindezela injini sasingu-6,8:1. Amandla ahluka kusuka ku-105 kuya ku-125 hp, futhi kuya ngokuthi imoto ithunyelwe kuliphi izwe. I-torque enkulu yayisuka ku-261 kuya ku-289 Nm. ngo-2000 rpm

Ngokwesakhiwo, ibhulokhi yesilinda iphinda injini ye-GMC L6 OHV 235 enelayisense eyenziwe yaseMelika, ethathwe njengesisekelo. Ikhanda lesilinda kanye namagumbi omlilo abolekwe enjinini ye-Chevrolet L6 OHV, kodwa iguqulelwe endaweni enkulu. Izingxenye eziyinhloko zezinjini ze-Toyota F azikwazi ukushintshaniswa nozakwabo baseMelika. Izibalo zenziwa ukuthi abanikazi bezimoto bazokwaneliswa ukwethembeka nokuzithoba kwezinjini ezenziwe ngesisekelo se-analogues yaseMelika ehlolwe isikhathi esezibonakalise ukuthi ihle kakhulu.

Ngo-1985, kwakhululwa inguqulo yesibili ye-2F injini. Umthamo wokusebenza unyuswe waba ngamalitha angu-4,2. Izinguquko zithinte iqembu le-piston; iringi eyodwa ye-oil scraper isusiwe. Isistimu yokuthambisa yenziwa yesimanje, futhi isisefo sikawoyela safakwa ngaphambili enjini. Amandla akhuphukele ku-140 hp. ngo-3600 rpm.

Imoto 2F

I-3F yethulwa ngo-1985. Ekuqaleni, emakethe yasekhaya izinjini zafakwa kwesokudla drive Land Cruisers, khona-ke izimoto ngezinjini ezinjalo zaqala ukuthunyelwa emazweni amaningi. Kushintshiwe:

• isilinda block;
• ikhanda le-cylinder;
• ipheshana lokungena;
• uhlelo lwe-exhaust.

I-camshaft ihanjiswe ekhanda lesilinda, futhi injini yaba phezulu. Ukushayela kwenziwa ngeketanga. Kamuva, enguqulweni ye-3F-E, umjovo kaphethiloli we-elekthronikhi waqala ukusetshenziswa esikhundleni se-carburetor, okwenza kube nokwenzeka ukukhulisa amandla nokunciphisa ubuthi bokukhipha amandla. Ukususwa kwenjini kwehle kusuka ku-4,2 kuya ku-4 amalitha ngenxa ye-piston stroke efinyeziwe. Amandla enjini anyuke ngo-15 kW (20 hp), itorque inyuke ngo-14 Nm. Ngenxa yalezi zinguquko, isivinini sasiphakeme, okwenza injini ifaneleke ukuhamba emigwaqweni yomphakathi.

3F-E

Технические характеристики

Ithebula libonisa izici ezithile zobuchwepheshe zezinjini zochungechunge lwe-F:

Injini	F	2F	3F-E
Isistimu yamandla	Carburetor	Carburetor	Kusatshalaliswa umjovo
Inani lamasilinda	6	6	6
Inani lama-valves kwisilinda ngasinye	2	2	2
Isilinganiso sokucindezela	6,8:1	7,8:1	8,1:1
Ukusebenza ivolumu, cm3	3878	4230	3955
Amandla, hp / rpm	95-125 / 3600	135/3600	155/4200
I-Torque, N.m / rpm	261-279 / 2000	289/2000	303/2200
I-Fuel	A 92	A 92	A 92
resource	500 +	500 +	500 +

I-torque namandla ayehluka kuya ngezwe izimoto ezithunyelwa kulo.

Izinzuzo kanye nokubi zama-F motors

Izinjini zochungechunge lwe-F zabeka isisekelo sedumela lezinjini ze-Toyota njengezitshalo zamandla ezingenasizotha, ezinokwethenjelwa. Injini engu-F iyakwazi ukudonsa amathani ambalwa wempahla, ukudonsa inqola esindayo, futhi ilungele ukunqoba izimo zangaphandle komgwaqo. I-torque ephezulu ngesivinini esiphansi kanye nesilinganiso esiphansi sokucindezela kuyenza ibe injini engenasizotha, eyi-omnivorous. Nakuba imiyalelo incoma ukusebenzisa uphethiloli we-A-92, injini evuthayo yangaphakathi iyakwazi ukugaya noma yimuphi uphethiloli. Izinzuzo ze-motor:

• ubulula bomklamo;
• ukwethembeka nokugcinwa okuphezulu;
• ukungazweli emithwalweni;
• insiza ende.

Izimoto zingasinda kalula kuhhafu wesigidi samakhilomitha ngaphambi kokulungiswa okukhulu, noma ngabe zisebenza ngaphansi kwezimo ezinzima. Kubalulekile ukubheka izikhawu zesevisi futhi ugcwalise injini ngamafutha ekhwalithi ephezulu.

Umphumela omkhulu walezi zinjini ukusetshenziswa kwazo okuphezulu kukaphethiloli. Amalitha angu-25 - 30 kaphethroli ngebanga lika-100 km akuwona umkhawulo walezi zinjini. Izinjini, ngenxa yejubane lazo eliphansi, azikulungele kahle ukuhamba ngesivinini esikhulu. Lokhu kusebenza kancane enjinini engu-3F-E, enamandla amakhulu kancane kanye nesivinini se-torque.

Amathuba okushuna, izinjini zenkontileka.

Kuyangabazeka ukuthi noma ubani angacabanga ukuguqula injini yeloli ibe injini yezemidlalo ehamba phambili. Kodwa ungakwazi ukwandisa amandla ngokusebenzisa turbocharging. Isilinganiso esiphansi sokucindezela, izinto eziqinile zikuvumela ukuthi ufake i-turbocharger ngaphandle kokuphazamisa iqembu le-piston. Kodwa ekugcineni, kunoma yikuphi, izinguquko ezinkulu zizodingeka.

Izinjini zochungechunge lwe-F seziphelelwe ukukhiqizwa cishe iminyaka engama-30, ngakho ukuthola injini yenkontileka isesimweni esihle kunzima. Kodwa kukhona okunikezwayo, intengo iqala kusuka kuma-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingu-60.