Izinjini ze-Opel Astra

U-1991 kwaba unyaka wokuqala wemoto entsha ye-Adam Opel OG. Ukuphela kweminyaka engamashumi amathathu hegemony Opel Kadett E kwaba usuku lokuzalwa inkanyezi. Yile ndlela igama lomqhubekeli wamasiko, imoto ye-Astra, lizwakala ngayo ekuhunyushweni kusuka kusiLatini. Izimoto zaqokwa kusukela ngohlamvu F. Izimoto zokuqala zafika emakethe yaseYurophu njengabamele "ikilasi legalofu" elisha. Izimoto zochungechunge lwe-J and K zisakhiqizwa emafektri akwaGeneral Motors kuze kube yimanje.

1991 Astra Premiere hatchback

  I-Astra F - i-trendsetter yemfashini yaseYurophu

Ukukhathazeka u-Adam Opel AG ulethe izinguquko ezimbalwa zochungechunge luka-F emakethe. Isibonelo, okuhlukile kwe-Caravan kwakhiqizwa njengenqola yesiteshi enezicabha ezinhlanu kanye “neloli” elinezicabha ezintathu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abathengi bangakhetha:

• i-sedan - iminyango engu-4;
• hatchback - 3 futhi 5 iminyango.

Izimoto zihluke ngesakhiwo esiphumelele kakhulu. AmaHatchback abenendawo yemithwalo engu-360 litres. Inqola esiteshini enguqulweni evamile yathatha umthwalo ongafika kumalitha angama-500, futhi izihlalo ezingemuva zigoqwe phansi - amalitha ayi-1630. Ubulula, ukusebenza kanye lula - lezi yizimfanelo eziyinhloko eziphawulwe yibo bonke abasebenzisi bemoto entsha ngaphandle kokukhetha. Ukulungiswa kabusha ngo-1994 kwaletha izinto ezintsha zokuhlobisa ingaphakathi kubalandeli bemoto. Kufakwe i-airbag kukholamu yokuqondisa.

Ubukhulu bemizimba yezakhiwo ezihlukahlukene ze-Opel Astra

Le nkampani ayizange ikhohlwe abathandi bemisebenzi yangaphandle nemidlalo. Kubo, kunguqulo ye-GT yafakwa izinguqulo ezimbili zezinjini ezingama-2-litre - 115 no-150 hp. Ngo-1993, uhla lwengezwe ngemoto evulekile enezihlalo ezine yekilasi eliguqulekayo. Ukukhiqizwa kwayo okuncane kwaphathiswa abaphathi baseJalimane enkampanini yezimoto yase-Italy eyaziwa kancane i-Bertone. Imoto ithole ukungezwa kokumaka - isifinyezo GSI (Grand Sport Injection). Izinguqulo ezinjalo "ezishajiwe" zishiye imigqa yamafekthri e-UK, eNingizimu Melika, e-Australia, e-India, e-Poland, eNingizimu Afrika, e-China kuze kube ngu-2000. Kumasizini amane alandelayo, izimoto zochungechunge lwe-F ezivela ePoland zathengiswa emazweni enkambu yangaphambili ye-socialist kanye neTurkey.

Ekhulwini elisha - ngaphansi kwencwadi G

Isizukulwane sesibili semoto ethandwayo sathola incwadi elandelayo yezinhlamvu zesiLatini. Njengenguqulo yokuqala, i-Astra G yakhiqizwa emazweni amaningi emhlabeni jikelele. E-Australia, ilebula ye-Holden ibuyekezwe ngezinhlamvu ezithi TS. Inguqulo yaseBrithani yaziwa ngokuthi iVauxhall Mk4. I-Opel Astra G yafika emazweni ase-USSR yangaphambili:

• Russia - Chevrolet Viva.
• Ukraine - Astra Classic.

Ukuguqulwa kochungechunge lwe-G zithole izinhlobo ezimbili zokudlulisela - i-Japanese 4-speed automatic transmission kanye ne-5-speed manual ene-hydraulic drive. Eminye imininingwane yedizayini yesici:

• i-anti-lock braking system (ABS);
• ukumiswa - phambi kweMcFerson, ugongolo oluzimele - ngemuva;
• amabhuleki ama-disc.

Into entsha kwaba ukufakwa kwesistimu elwa nokushelela.

I-Astra G OPS enamandla eguquguqukayo yokuhamba uzungeze i-Europe

Okugqame kakhulu kulolu hlelo kube yi-OPC GSI hatchback enenjini engu-160 hp enamandla ngokwemvelo (1999). Eminyakeni emithathu kamuva, ngaphansi kwalesi sifinyezo, izimoto zezinye izakhiwo zaqala ukuvela - ama-coupes, izinqola zesiteshi, eziguqulwayo. Lesi sakamuva saba yi-hit yangempela emakethe yaseYurophu. Ngenjini ene-turbocharged enamandla angu-192-200 hp. kanye nevolumu engu-2,0 amalitha. wayebukeka njengenunu yangempela.

I-Astra H - umdlalo wokuqala waseRussia

Ngo-2004, ukukhiqizwa ukuguqulwa uchungechunge lwesithathu izimoto "Astra" yahlelwa eRussia. Umhlangano wezimoto we-SKD wenziwa yinkampani yaseKaliningrad "Avtotor" iminyaka emihlanu. U-2008 kwaba unyaka wokuqala wokukhiqizwa kwe-serial ephelele yemodeli ye-Opel. I-conveyor yayisedolobhaneni laseShushary, esifundeni saseLeningrad. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, umhlangano wahlelwa kabusha ngokuphelele eKaliningrad.

Uchungechunge lwe-H lwaba yi-premiere yezimoto ze-Astra zesakhiwo esisha - ama-sedans. Bangena esikhundleni se-Vectra B ephelelwe yisikhathi. Ngemva kokuboniswa kokuqala kwe-Istanbul ngo-2004, imoto entsha yakhiqizwa eJalimane, e-Ireland, eMexico naseBrazil (i-Chevrolet Vectra hatchback enezicabha ezi-4). Emgqeni walolu chungechunge bekukhona namamodeli womzimba nezinqola zesiteshi. Lesi sakamuva saba yisisekelo sokudalwa kwe-Astra TwinTop coupe-cabriolet ngo-2009. E-Russia, lezi zinhlobo zakhiqizwa kuze kube ngu-2014 njenge-Astra Family.

Umthumeli wesitshalo saseKaliningrad "Avtotor"

Noma kunjalo, ukwakheka kwe-hatchback kwahlala kudume kakhulu. Enguqulweni yeminyango emihlanu, enenjini engu-1,6-litre enamandla angu-115 hp, imoto yayinezinzuzo eziningi:

• ama-airbag abagibeli abane;
• amawindi kagesi angemuva;
• uhlelo lokushisa isihlalo;
• ukulawulwa kwesimo sezulu;
• ikhamera yokubuka ngemuva.

Ihlanganiswe ne-CD/mp3 stereo system no-gearbox onamagiya ayisithupha ezinguqulweni eziphambili, le moto ibibukeka iyinhle.

Abameleli abanamandla kakhulu ochungechungeni lwe-H yizimoto ezihlanganiswe ekucushweni kwe-Active ne-Cosmo ngama-othomathikhi kanye nezinjini ezi-turbocharged:

• 1,6-litre 170 hp;
• 1,4-litre 140 hp

Inkundla entsha yochungechunge olusha

Ngo-2009 embukisweni wezimoto iFrankfurt, u-Opel wethula inkundla entsha ehlangene, iDelta II, emakethe yezimoto yamazwe ngamazwe. Imidwebo yemoto entsha ihambisana kakhulu nezinqumo zokuklama zababhali bomqondo we-Insigna. Isitshalo sokuqala lapho izimoto zochungechunge lwe-H zaqala ukuqoqwa ngokugcwele kwakuyiVauxhall esifundeni saseNgilandi saseCheshire.

Iqiniso elihlekisayo elivela emlandweni wochungechunge ukwenqaba kwabaphathi bakwa-Opel ukusebenzisa uhlamvu I kulandela H ngezinhlamvu zesiLatini.

Ukuqanjwa komqondo wemodeli kungoweqembu le-Opel Design Center (Rüsselheim, Germany). Isikhathi esiphelele sokuhlanza semodeli yomqondo emhubheni womoya sidlule amahora angama-600. Abaqambi benze izinguquko ezinkulu ekubukekeni kwendabuko kwe-hatchback:

• i-wheelbase enwetshwe ngo-71 mm;
• ibanga lethrekhi elandisiwe.

I-chassis yakhelwe ngokuya ngohlelo lwe-mechatronic. Lokhu kwenza kwaba nokwenzeka ukuhlanganisa Mechanics kanye "smart" electronic control izinhlelo izingxenye ezihlukahlukene zemoto, ezifana ukumiswa FlexRide. Umshayeli angakwazi ukuzivumelanisa ngokuzimela izinhlobo ezintathu ze-suspension (Standart, Sport noma Tour) ukuze zihambisane nendlela yakhe yokushayela.

Umdwebo wokumiswa ngaphambili nangemuva kwama-hatchback ochungechunge lwe-J

Ngaphezu kwezinguquko zenguquko ohlelweni lokulawula, ithimba lokuklama linikeze amakhasimende amanye amasu amasha amnandi:

• uhlelo lokukhanyisa lwangaphakathi lwanamuhla kanye nezihlalo ze-ergonomic;
• izibani ze-bi-xenon zesizukulwane esisha se-AFL +.

Kunqunywe ukuthi kufakwe ikhamera ukuze i-Opel Eye ibuke phambili kuzo zonke izinhlobo zochungechunge olusha. Iyakwazi ukubona izimpawu zomgwaqo ezibekwe eceleni komzila futhi ixwayise ngokuchezuka emgudwini ofanele wokunyakaza.

I-Astra K - imoto yesikhathi esizayo

Ilungu lesimanjemanje lomndeni wakwa-Astra wezimoto zakwa-Opel i-hatchback ye-K. Ezinyangeni ezingu-2015 kamuva, imoto yokuqala yathola umthengi wayo:

• e-UK - njengoVauxhall Astra;
• e-China - ngaphansi komkhiqizo we-Buick Verano;
• ezwenikazi lesihlanu elinelebula ye-Holden Astra.

Idizayini yemoto isibe yesimanje kakhulu uma iqhathaniswa nokulungiswa kwangaphambilini. Ifakwe ulwazi lwakamuva emkhakheni wezobuchwepheshe bezimoto. Ngaphandle kwe-5-door hatchback, kukhona ne-front-wheel drive wagon. Izinto ezintsha zihlanganiswa emafekthri amabili - ePoland Gliwice nase-Elzmirport, e-Foggy Albion. Igama lenkundla elisemthethweni yi-D2XX. Phakathi kwezimoto zegalofu, manje esezijwayeleke kakhulu njenge-C-class, i-Astra K idlala ngokuhlekisa noma ngokuthi "quantum leap".

I-Salon Opel Astra K

Abashayeli abanikezwa izinketho ezingaphansi kwezingu-18 zokulungisa izihlalo. Akudingekile ukusho, i-AGR iqinisekisiwe. Ngaphandle kwalokho:

• I-Opel Eye ezenzakalelayo yokulandelela izimpawu zomgwaqo;
• ukulawulwa kwendawo efile;
• uhlelo lokubuyisela imoto emzileni wayo lapho uwela umzila;

Enguqulweni ethi "Mechanics", ivolumu yenjini engu-3-cylinder enamandla angu-105 hp. ingu-1 litre kuphela, kanti ijubane ku-autobahn lingaphansi kuka-200 km/h. Idonsa ngamagiya ayisithupha ezishintshayo kusetshenziswa i-4 cylinder 1,6 litre. injini (136 hp).

Izitshalo zamandla ze-Opel Astra

Lo modeli we-automaker waseJalimane odumile ungumpetha ophelele phakathi kwabafowabo ngokwenani lezinjini ezifakwe ekulungisweni okuhlukahlukene. Ezizukulwaneni ezinhlanu, bekukhona okungama-58 kubo:

Ukumaka	Ivolumu, l.	Thayipha	Ivolumu,	Amandla amakhulu, kW / hp	Isistimu yamandla
cm 3
I-A13DTE	1.2	udizili ushisiwe	1248	70/95	Ujantshi Ojwayelekile
I-A14NEL	1.4	uphethiloli we-turbocharged	1364	88/120	umjovo osabalalisiwe
I-A14NET	1.4	-: -	1364	I-101 / 138, 103 / 140	I-DOHC, i-DCVCP
I-A14XEL	1.4	uphethiloli	1398	64/87	umjovo osabalalisiwe
I-A14XER	1.4	-: -	1398	74/100	I-DOHC
A16 KULULA	1.6	uphethiloli we-turbocharged	1598	132/180	umjovo oqondile
I-A16XER	1.6	uphethiloli	1598	I-85 / 115, 103 / 140	umjovo osabalalisiwe
I-A16XHT	1.6	-: -	1598	125/170	umjovo oqondile
I-A17DTJ	1.7	udizili	1686	81/110	Ujantshi Ojwayelekile
I-A17DTR	1.7	-: -	1686	92/125	-: -
I-A20DTH	2	-: -	1956	118/160, 120/163, 121/165	-: -
I-A20DTR	2	udizili ushisiwe	1956	143/195	-: -
I-B16DTH	1.7	-: -	1686	100/136	-: -
I-B16DTL	1.6	-: -	1598	81/100	-: -
I-C14NZ	1.4	uphethiloli	1389	66/90	umjovo owodwa, SOHC
I-C14SE	1.4	-: -	1389	60/82	umjovo wembobo, SOHC
C18 XEL	1.8	-: -	1799	85/115	-: -
I-C20XE	2	-: -	1998	110/150	-: -
I-X14NZ	1.4	-: -	1389	66/90	-: -
X14XE	1.4	-: -	1389	66/90	umjovo osabalalisiwe
I-X16SZ	1.6	-: -	1598	I-52 / 71, 55 / 75	umjovo owodwa, SOHC
I-X16SZR	1.6	-: -	1598	I-55 / 75, 63 / 85	umjovo owodwa, SOHC
X16XEL	1.6	-: -	1598	I-74 / 100, 74 / 101	umjovo osabalalisiwe
I-X17DT	1.7	uphethiloli we-turbocharged	1686	60/82	I-SOHC
I-X17DTL	1.7	udizili ushisiwe	1700	50/68	-: -
X18XE	1.8	uphethiloli	1799	85/115	umjovo osabalalisiwe
I-X18XE1	1.8	-: -	1796	85/115, 85/116, 92/125	-: -
I-X20DTL	2	udizili ushisiwe	1995	60/82	Ujantshi Ojwayelekile
I-X20XER	2	uphethiloli	1998	118/160	umjovo osabalalisiwe
I-Y17DT	1.7	udizili ushisiwe	1686	55/75	Ujantshi Ojwayelekile
Y20DTH	2	-: -	1995	74/100	-: -
I-Y20DTL	2	-: -	1995	60/82	-: -
I-Y22DTR	2.2	-: -	2172	I-88 / 120, 92 / 125	-: -
I-Z12XE	1.2	uphethiloli	1199	55/75	umjovo osabalalisiwe
I-Z13DTH	1.3	udizili ushisiwe	1248	66/90	Ujantshi Ojwayelekile
I-Z14XEL	1.4	uphethiloli	1364	55/75	umjovo osabalalisiwe
I-Z14XEP	1.4	-: -	1364	I-64 / 87, 66 / 90	-: -
KUSUKA EMINYAKENI EYI-16	1.6	uphethiloli we-turbocharged	1598	132/180	-: -
I-Z16SE	1.6	uphethiloli	1598	I-62 / 84, 63 / 85	-: -
I-Z16XE	1.6	-: -	1598	I-74 / 100, 74 / 101	-: -
I-Z16XE1	1.6	-: -	1598	77/105	-: -
I-Z16XEP	1.6	-: -	1598	74/100, 76/103, 77/105	-: -
I-Z16XER	1.6	-: -	1598	85/115	-: -
I-Z16YNG	1.6	igesi	1598	71/97	-: -
I-Z17DTH	1.7	udizili ushisiwe	1686	74/100	Ujantshi Ojwayelekile
I-Z17DTL	1.7	-: -	1686	59/80	-: -
I-Z18XE	1.8	uphethiloli	1796	I-90 / 122, 92 / 125	umjovo osabalalisiwe
I-Z18XEL	1.8	-: -	1796	85/116	-: -
I-Z18XER	1.8	-: -	1796	103/140	-: -
I-Z19DT	1.9	udizili ushisiwe	1910	88/120	Ujantshi Ojwayelekile
I-Z19DTH	1.9	-: -	1910	I-88 / 120, 110 / 150	-: -
I-Z19DTJ	1.9	-: -	1910	88/120	-: -
I-Z19DTL	1.9	-: -	1910	I-74 / 100, 88 / 120	-: -
I-Z20LEL	2	uphethiloli we-turbocharged	1998	125/170	umjovo osabalalisiwe
I-Z20LER	2	uphethiloli emkhathini	1998	125/170	umjovo wembobo yomjovo oqondile
uphethiloli we-turbocharged	1998	147/200
KUSUKA EMINYAKENI EYI-20	2	uphethiloli we-turbocharged	1998	140/190, 141/192, 147/200	umjovo osabalalisiwe
I-Z22SE	2.2	uphethiloli	2198	108/147	umjovo oqondile

Amamotho amabili avela kuwo wonke umugqa aphawuleka kakhulu kunamanye. I-Z20LER enamalitha amabili kuphela ekhishwe ngaphansi kwelebula efanayo ezinguqulweni ezimbili ezihlukene:

• emkhathini, ngomjovo kaphethiloli oqondile, 170 hp
• amakhulu amabili umjovo onamandla, one-turbocharger.

I-Z16YNG ukuphela kwenjini yegesi yemvelo ye-Opel Astra.

Injini edume kakhulu ye-Opel Astra

Kulula kakhulu ukuhlukanisa injini, okuvame ukuba yisisekelo semboni yamandla ku-Opel Astra izimoto kaningi kunezinye. Lena injini kaphethiloli engu-1,6 litre yochungechunge lweZ16. Izinguquko zayo ezinhlanu zikhishwe (SE, XE, XE1, XEP, XER). Bonke babenomthamo ofanayo - 1598 cubic centimeters. Kuhlelo lokunikezwa kwamandla enjini, i-injector yayisetshenziselwa ukuhlinzeka ngophethiloli - iyunithi yokulawula umjovo esabalalisiwe.

Injini ye-Z16XE

Le njini engu-101 hp ngo-2000, waba ngumlandeli wenjini ye-X16XEL, eyafakwa kumamodeli ahlukahlukene we-Opel. Isetshenziswe iminyaka emihlanu ku-Astra G. Ezicini zokuklama, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuba khona kwesistimu yokulawula ye-Multec-S (F), i-electronic throttle control. Izinzwa zomoya-mpilo zifakwe ezinhlangothini zombili ze-catalyst.

Naphezu kokuthandwa kwayo okukhulu, ukusebenza kwayo kwakunezinkinga. Eziyinhloko zihlanganisa:

• ukwanda kokusetshenziswa kukawoyela;
• ukuhlehla kwezingxenye zokuqoqa umqoqi.

Ukusiza abashayeli abahlangabezana nezinkinga ngokusebenza kwenjini, abathuthukisi bafake uhlelo lokuzihlola lwe-EOBD. Ngosizo lwayo, ungathola imbangela yokungasebenzi kahle kwenjini ngokushesha okukhulu.

Ukukhetha okulungile kwenjini lapho uthenga i-Astra

Inqubo yokukhetha inhlanganisela efanele yokuhlelwa kwemoto kanye nesitshalo samandla ihlale ihambisana nemicabango ebuhlungu, ukutadisha isikhathi eside kwemishini futhi, ekugcineni, ukuzihlola. Kuyamangaza ukuthi ngezinhlobo eziningi kangaka zezinjini ze-Ecotec, akunzima ukukhetha ukwakheka okuhle kwesizinda samandla se-Opel Astra. Okuthathu okuphezulu kokubuyekezwa okuhlukahlukene kanye nezilinganiso zeminyaka yakamuva bekulokhu kufaka phakathi uphethiloli we-turbocharged A14NET. Ukususwa kwenjini - 1364 cm3, amandla - 1490 hp. isivinini esiphezulu - 202 km / h.

Injini ye-Ecotec A14NET ene-Turbocharged

I-turbocharger isiza injini ukuthi ikwazi ukubhekana kalula nokushayela emigwaqweni yanoma ibuphi ubunkimbinkimbi nokucushwa. Uma kuqhathaniswa nanoma iyiphi injini enamalitha amabili, ibukeka iqiniseka kakhulu. Kuyamangaza ukuthi umklami ubeke i-turbine enjini yevolumu encane kangaka. Kodwa ngokuphelele ukuqagela, kusukela motor kwaba yimpumelelo kakhulu. Ngemva komdlalo wokuqala ngo-2010, ngokushesha wangena ochungechungeni lwezinhlobo eziningana zezimoto ze-Opel - i-Astra J ne-GTC, i-Zafira, i-Meriva, i-Mocca, i-Chevrolet Cruise.

Ukuthola okuhle kwaba ukufakwa kochungechunge lwezikhathi. Kubukeka kunokwethenjelwa kakhulu kunebhande. Ngenxa yokufakwa kwama-hydraulic lifters, isidingo sokulungiswa njalo kwama-valve saqedwa. Ukushintsha isikhathi se-valve kulawulwa uhlelo lwe-DCVCP. I-Turbine A14NET inezici ezintathu ezihlukile:

• ukwethembeka;
• inzuzo;
• osayizi abancane.

"Ama-cons" afaka ukukhetha okukhethekile kweyunithi kukhwalithi yamafutha athululwayo.

Injini akufanele ilayishwe kakhulu ngenkathi ushayela. Ayakhelwe ukuphusha isivinini esiphezulu futhi ifinyelele isivinini esiphezulu, njenge-A16XHT, noma i-A16LET. Inketho engcono kakhulu yokushayela ukushayela ukonga ngesivinini esiphakathi. Ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha ngeke kudlule amalitha angu-5,5. emgwaqeni onguthelawayeka, kanye namalitha angu-9,0. emgwaqeni wedolobha. Ngokuncike kuzo zonke izidingo ezishiwo zomenzi, le njini izobangela opharetha izinkinga ezincane.

opel astra h ukubuyekezwa okufushane, izilonda ezinkulu