Izinjini ze-Lexus UX
Okuqukethwe
I-crossover yasemadolobheni iLexus UX esesiteji sezokwakha sakwaToyota GA-C yethulwa okokuqala ngoNdasa wezi-2018. Esigabeni se-premium SUV, imodeli incintisana neRange Rоver Evoque, BMW X2, Audi Q3 neVolvo XC40. Ifakwe izinhlobo ezintathu zamayunithi ane-all-wheel drive noma i-front-wheel drive:
Inzuzo eyinhloko ye-Lexus UX ngaphezu kwezimbangi zayo ukwakheka okuphumelelayo kokumiswa okunokusabalalisa okufanelekile kwesisindo seyunithi yamandla kanye nezakhi zomzimba ezenziwe ngezinto ezihlukahlukene. Uhlaka lwesakhiwo senziwe ngensimbi ephezulu, i-hood, izesekeli eziseceleni, iminyango yenziwe nge-aluminium, i-trunk nengxenye yangemuva isekelwe kuma-polymer composite. Ukubalwa kwesikhungo semoto ye-gravity uma kuqhathaniswa nendawo yomgwaqo ngu-594 mm. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukuphathwa kwe-crossover kubonakala ngokusebenza okuphezulu, ukugibela okubushelelezi okunamandla okusheshisa okuphakeme kanye nokuzinza kwamakhoneni.
Ukusebenzisa i-UX ezimeni ezingekho emgwaqeni cishe akunakwenzeka ngenxa ye-overhang enkulu yangaphambili kanye nokuvunyelwa komhlaba okungu-160 mm kuphela. Izinguqulo ezidonsa ngawo wonke amasondo ziguqulelwe ekushayeleni okuguquguqukayo emjikelezweni wedolobha, kuma-autobahns, futhi kuhloswe ngazo ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kokushayela ebusika noma ngaphandle kwesizini.
Umlando weBrith
Ukuzalwa kwamaJapane aphethe "i-Lexus Division" njengengxenye ye-Toyota Motors LTD corporation kwenzeka ngo-1983. Isu lokumaketha lale nkampani bekuhloswe ngalo ukuthuthukisa uhlobo olusha lwezimoto zasedolobheni endaweni ephakathi kwesigaba esiphambili nesentengo emaphakathi neGolf. Ngeminyaka yawo-1980, inqwaba yokuthengiswa kweToyota yayivela ezimakethe zaseNyakatho Melika, lapho ama-SUV anomzimba ozimele kanye namaloli eveni ayehola phambili. Kwakunzima ukuncintisana eYurophu nabameleli baseJalimane nabaseBrithani abasesigabeni esiphakathi, ngakho-ke isinqumo sase sivuthiwe sokudala uhlobo olusha lwe-USA, kucatshangelwa isicelo sesithombe sesitayela "sokunethezeka" ngentengo engabizi.
Umsebenzi "F-1 project" (flagship) waqala ngo-1984: LS400 umqondo imoto wathola igama elisemthethweni "Lexus" ngo-1986 ku-studio ye-ejensi yokukhangisa Lippincott & Margulies, ethunywe yi-Toyota futhi ngemva kochungechunge ukuhlolwa. Amadrayivu ngoJanuwari 1989 unyaka wavela emibukisweni yezimoto yamazwe ngamazwe eDetroit naseLos Angeles.
Impumelelo ye-LS400 yokuqala yokunethezeka ngaphansi kohlobo olusha lwe-Lexus emakethe yaseMelika idlule amarekhodi okuthengisa: amakhophi angu-4 athengiswa ngenyanga eyodwa, abathengisi bavulwa eCanada, eSweden nase-UK. Imishini enothile, izingxenye zobuchwepheshe obuphezulu, injini enokwethenjelwa engu-000 litre kanye nomklamo wangempela kwenza imoto entsha ihluke kwabaqhudelana nayo. Ngo-4, i-LS1990 yawina indawo yokuqala ku-J.D. I-Power & Associates" futhi yathola ukuqashelwa njengemoto ehamba phambili ngokusho kwephephabhuku elithi "Car & Driver".
Imodeli ye-Lexus ibuyekezwa ochungechungeni emizimbeni yama-coupes ezemidlalo, ama-sedans aphezulu, ama-crossovers avela ku-prototypes yezimoto zomqondo wokuqala:
- 1991: GS 300 3T - i-sedan eneyunithi ethuthukisiwe, eyakhiwe ngokukhethekile igatsha laseCologne leToyota Motors emakethe yaseJalimane.
- 1992: SC 400 - umfelandawonye wokuqala wabathengisi baseNyakatho Melika, owaziwa eJapan ngokuthi "Toyota Soarer"
- 1993: GS300 - i-sedan yezemidlalo eyangena ezilinganisweni eziphezulu zomhlaba
- 1994: ES 300 – isihlalo esiphezulu esinezihlalo ezinhlanu
- 1996: I-Lexus LX 450, LX 470 - amaSUV e-premium all-wheel drive
- 1998: I-RX300 - i-crossover yezemidlalo ephakathi nendawo eye yadlula ezizukulwaneni ezimbili (inguqulo yaseJapane yeToyota Harrier emakethe yaseYurophu)
- 1999: IS 200 - i-compact city sedan (eyaziwa ngeToyota Altezza eJapan)
Ngeminyaka yawo-2000, uhlobo lwe-Lexus luqhudelana ngempumelelo nabakhiqizi bezimoto emhlabeni wonke kuzo zonke izigaba zezimoto, okuhlanganisa, kusukela ngo-2006, ukufinyelela izinga elisha lama-limousine "okunethezeka", lapho iRolls-Royce, iBentley neMaybach bevame ukuhola khona.
Ngo-2019, kwathengiswa izimoto ezingama-524 emhlabeni wonke ngaphansi kohlobo lweLexus, lapho ezingama-727 zazisochungechungeni lwe-UX crossover.
Imininingwane ye-Lexus UX
| Imodeli | UX 200 FWD | UX 250h AWD | UX 300 E |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ubukhulu (ubude, ububanzi, ukuphakama) mm | 4495 / 1840 / 1540 | 4495 / 1840 / 1540 | 4495 / 1840 / 1540 |
| I-Wheelbase mm | 2640 | 2640 | 2640 |
| Isisindo se-curb kg | 1540 | 1680 | 1900 |
| Isisindo esiphelele kg | 1980 | 2100 | 2360 |
| Ukususwa komhlaba mm | 160 | 160 | 160 |
| Uhlobo lwamafutha | uphethiloli | ihybrid/uphethiloli | imoto kagesi |
| Umthamo wethangi lamafutha l | 47 | 47 | - |
| Ukudlulisela | СVT phambi-wheel drive | СVT idrayivu enamasondo amane | СVT idrayivu enamasondo amane |
| ICE | I-M20A-FKS | Inhlanganisela ye-M20A-FXS (2.0 D-4S DVVT-iE) | 4KM amabhethri |
| Umthamo cm³ | 1987 | 1987, 2 motor-generator 131 kW | - |
| Amandla hp | 150/174 | 178 | 204 |
| Thayipha | 4 irowu | 4 irowu | - |
| Ezama-valve | 16 | 16 | - |
| I-Torque | I-6600 rpm | I-6700 rpm | - |
| I-Eco standard | I-Euro-6 | I-Euro-6 | I-Euro-6 |
| Usayizi wesondo langaphambili | 215/60 / R17 | 215/60 / R17 | 215/60 / R17 |
| Usayizi wesondo langemuva | 225/50 / R18 | 225/50 / R18 | 225/50 / R18 |
| Amandla okusheshisa (0-100 km/h) isekhondi | 9,2/8,5 | 8,5 | 8,0 |
| Isivinini esikhulu km/h | 187/190 | 177 | 210 |
| Ukukhishwa kwe-CO2, g/km | 138 | 138 | 0 |
| Ukusetshenziswa kwephethiloli ngebanga elingu-100 km | 5,8/7,2 | 5,8/7,2 | Ibanga 400 km |
Injini ye-M20A-FKS
Iyunithi yamandla ye-M20A-FKS iwukuthuthukiswa kwangaphakathi kwenkampani yakwaToyota Motors ochungechungeni lwesithathu lwe-“Dynamic Force” lwango-2018. Ngaphezu kokusetshenziswa ezimotweni zakwaLexus UX, iphinde ihlinzekwe ngeToyota Corolla 210, RAV4 50, C-HR. Lena injini yakudala enamarowu angu-4 enamalitha amabili anohlobo lokufaka oluphambanayo, umjovo kaphethiloli oxubile kanye nemodi yokusebenza ye-DVVT-iE (isimiso somjikelezo weMiller). Iwuhlobo lwesimanje lwezinjini ezindala zomndeni wakwa-A25A ezinokuthuthukiswa okuthile kwezobunjiniyela.
Izici zokuklama
Injini inesilinda esine-alloy ekhanyayo eyenziwe nge-aluminium enamalayini ahlanganisiwe ejazini lokupholisa elivulekile, elithuthukisa ukuguquguquka kwe-thermal kanye nokumelana nokudlidliza. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isilinda sokuqala asinakho ukushintshaniswa kokushisa okugcwele - lokhu kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukunciphisa kakhulu ubukhulu beyunithi ngobude bekhanda lebhulokhi. Ukunxeshezelwa kokuhluka kwezinga lokushisa emithwalweni ephezulu kwenzeka ngenxa yeziteshi ezisondelene kakhulu zamafutha kanye ne-antifreeze kumabhuloho angaphezulu phakathi kwamasilinda. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ijazi lokupholisa line "spacer" elikhethekile elihlinzeka ngokujikeleza okuthuthukisiwe endaweni engenhla, ekhuthaza ukuchithwa kokushisa okufanayo.
- 1 - ikhanda le-cylinder
- a - cylinder wall
- b – umkhono
- c - i-hone mesh
- e – amashaneli okupholisa
- f – ukungena komoya
- g – imbobo yokukhipha amafutha
- h=94 mm, i=97 mm
I-crankshaft ifakwe idrayivu yokulinganisa yokulinganisa eyenziwe ngezinto ezihlanganisiwe ze-polymer, eyehlisa isisindo seyunithi nomthwalo esitimeleni segiya. Idizayini ye-crankshaft ifakwe ama-counterweights angu-8 anamakepisi amakhulu ahlukene, ahlanganiswe nesisekelo se-polymer. Isisindo esiphelele siphinde sincishiswe ngamakhanda enduku yokuxhuma anqunywe phezulu namajenali angasindi.
- a-e – izintamo
- f – indlela yokulinganisa nokushayela
- g - ama-counterweights
Ama-camshafts atholakala endaweni ehlukile - ukufakwa kwekhanda lonke le-cylinder kwenziwa lula, kodwa kudinga ukuhlanganiswa okwengeziwe ezindaweni lapho iziteshi zokupholisa uwoyela zivaliwe.
- 1-4 - amakepisi ane-camshaft
- 5 - ukwakhiwa kwezindlu nge-camshaft
- 6 – isilinda ikhanda
- 7 - ama-valve okungena
- 8 - ama-valve okukhipha amandla
- c – isihlalo sokufakwa kwe-spark plug
- d - uhlelo lokukhipha amandla
- e - uhlelo luyavuma
- f – izihlalo zevalvu
Isihlalo se-valve ngayinye yokudonsa senziwa kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe be-laser deposition (ngokwesiko, ama-valve afakelwe umshini asetshenziswa ezinjinini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi) - azacile kakhulu kunokujwayelekile, okusiza ekugcineni ukulungiswa kokuvunyelwa, ukupholisa kanye nokwenza kahle ukusebenza kwawo wonke. indlela yokusabalalisa igesi.
Uhlelo lokuthambisa, olusebenzisa iphampu kawoyela eguquguqukayo (uhlobo lwetrochiode), lwenze izinguquko ezintsha enjinini ye-M20A-FKS. Ngaphansi kokulawulwa kwesistimu ye-elekthronikhi (ECM), iphampu ifakwe idrayivu eyengeziwe emfushane ene-valve ye-electromechanical - ukulawulwa kwengcindezi kawoyela kubheka yonke imingcele edingekayo ukuze kutholakale kahle: izinga lokushisa kwenjini, i-rpm, isimo sengxube kaphethiloli kanye abanye. Ukupholisa uwoyela kwenzeka endaweni epholile kawoyela ewuketshezi.
- 1 - Iyunithi yesilawuli sesistimu ye-elektroniki ye-VVT-iE
- 2 - isilawuli sepompo yamafutha
- 3 - umugqa wamafutha
- 4 – chain drive tensioner regulator
- I-5 - i-valve yokulawula i-electromechanical oil pressure
- 6 - iphampu
- 7 - izindlu zokuhlunga amafutha
- 8 - ikamelo lokwamukela uwoyela
- 9-10 - ama-injection
- I-11 - iyunithi yokupholisa uwoyela
Ukuhlunga uwoyela kuklanywe kusetshenziswa isistimu evaliwe yokuphonswa, enamabhobho amabili ephistoni ngalinye, lapho kufakwa khona izinto zokuhlunga.
Imininingwane yenjini ye-Lexus UX
| Ku-DVS | I-M20A-FKS | I-M20A-FXS (ingxubevange) |
|---|---|---|
| Ivolumu yokusebenza cm3 | 1987 | 1987 |
| Amandla hp | 171/175 | 145 |
| I-Torque r/min N/m | 6600 203/4400 208/4300 | 6000 180/4400 |
| Ububanzi besilinda | 80,5 | 80,5 |
| I-Stroke mm | 97,6 | 97,6 |
| Isilinganiso sokucindezela | 13 | 14 |
| Uhlobo lwe-Phaser | I-Dual VVT-iЕ | I-Dual VVT-iЕ |
| Isistimu yamandla | umjovo oxubile we-D-4S | umjovo oxubile we-D-4S |
| Uhlobo lwamafutha | uphethiloli AI-98 | uphethiloli AI-98 |
| I-Eco standard | I-EEC, i-Euro-6 | Euro-5, Euro-6 |
| Umthamo kanye nohlobo lwamafutha | 4.2 l. 0W-30 | 4.2 l. 0W-30 |
| Uhlobo lwedrayivu yesikhathi | uchungechunge | uchungechunge |
| Insiza yenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi | 220 km mileage | 200 km mileage |
Iyunithi eyingxube ye-FXS inamajeneretha amabili enjini enamandla angu-178 hp afakwe kuma-axle ahambisanayo. Isici sokusebenzisa i-hybrid ku-Lexus ukungenzeki kokuqala ukudonsa kukagesi ngenkani: i-ECM (uhlelo lokulawula injini ye-elekthronikhi) likuxhuma ngokuzenzakalelayo. Kulokhu, iphakethe lebhethri liqala ngezikhathi ezimfushane futhi linomkhawulo wejubane lika-115 km/h. Akukho ukushajwa kabusha kwamabhethri asuka kumthombo wamandla azimele; ukubuyiselwa kwenzeka kuphela ngenkathi injini isebenza kujeneretha.
Imoto kagesi i-UX 300e yethulwe embukisweni wezimoto waseChina i-Guangzhou Motor Show ngo-2018; ukuthengiswa ezikhungweni zokuthengisa e-Europe nase-Russia kulindeleke ekuqaleni kuka-2021. Cishe awukho umehluko ekwakhekeni komzimba, izakhi zokuklama kanye nemishini evela kuphethiloli kanye ne-hybrid. izinguqulo: enye ipharamitha okuwukuphela kwayo iyancipha ngo-20 mm imvume yomhlabathi. Imininingwane emenyezelwe yi-Lexus ye-300e: amandla angu-204 hp. ekwazi ukugcina amandla angu-400 km kanye nesikhathi sokushaja kwebhethri esigcwele imizuzu engu-50 (kusetshenziswa isiteshi sokushaja esingu-50 kW). Igaraji/ishaja yasekhaya engu-6,7 kW izodinga amahora angu-7-8 wokushajwa okuqhubekayo. Ochwepheshe balinganisela ukugodlwa kwamandla ohlobo lwebhethri elingu-4KM ngokomjikelezo we-NEDC ukuba lufinyelele ku-300 km, inqobo nje uma izinga lokushisa lomoya lingekho ngaphansi kokususa u-5°C.
Ukuzijwayeza ukusebenza nokungasebenzi kahle okujwayelekile kwamayunithi ochungechunge lwe-M20A
Zimbalwa kakhulu izibalo zokusebenzisa izinjini zochungechunge olusha lweLexus UX ngenxa yokwethulwa kwakamuva ngo-2018. Kuze kube manje, umkhiqizi usebone izinkinga ezimbili ezinkulu zedizayini eziholela ekukhunjulweni kwemoto:
- I-Toyota recаll "J1M/J0M, NHTSA 18V200000" - umehluko ngobukhulu bezinkomishi zepiston, ngenxa yalokho amanye amakhophi ahlushwa ukwehluleka ukulungiswa kwesikhathi kanye nokuphazamiseka ekusebenzeni kwesistimu ye-cylinder-piston ngokuhluleka kwayo okuphelele.
- I-Toyota ikhumbula "i-20TA04, i-NHTSA 20V064" - ukwenqatshwa okungenzeka kwama-cylinder blocks, ukucindezeleka kwamakamelo omlilo wangaphakathi, amalunga esiteshi esikhulu segesi.
Ukuthembeka nokwenziwa kwezinjini zeToyota Motors kwakhelwe phezu kwezixazululo ezilula zokuklama; izizukulwane ezedlule zochungechunge lwe-2AR-FE zithathwa njengezaphumelela kakhulu; zifakwe amamodeli angcono kakhulu wama-crossover nama-sedans aseJapan. Phakathi kwezibuyekezo ezingalindelekile mayelana ne-M20A, umuntu angahlangabezana nezikhalazo ezivela kubanikazi bezimoto mayelana nomsindo oweqile ngesivinini esikhulu, kodwa ezinguqulweni ze-hybrid le nkinga ayisho kanjalo.
