Izinjini ze-Chevrolet Lacetti
Okuqukethwe
I-Chevrolet Lacetti iyimoto ethandwayo, etholakala njenge-sedan, i-station wagon noma i-hatchback, eseyidingeka emhlabeni wonke.
Imoto iphumelele, inezici ezinhle zokushayela, ukusetshenziswa kancane kukaphethiloli kanye nezitshalo zamandla ezikhethwe kahle ezizibonakalise kahle ngokushayela edolobheni nasemgwaqweni onguthelawayeka.
Izinjini
Imoto "Lacetti" yakhiqizwa kusukela ngo-2004 kuya ku-2013, okungukuthi, iminyaka engu-9. Ngalesi sikhathi, kwafakwa izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinjini ezinokucushwa okuhlukene. Sekukonke, amayunithi ama-4 athuthukiswe i-Lacetti:
- I-F14D3 - 95 hp; 131 nm.
- I-F16D3 - 109 hp; 131 nm.
- I-F18D3 - 122 hp; 164 nm.
- I-T18SED – 121 hp; 169 nm.
Ezibuthaka kakhulu - F14D3 ngevolumu 1.4 amalitha - afakwe kuphela ezimotweni ezine-hatchback kanye nomzimba we-sedan; izinqola zesiteshi azizange zithole idatha ye-ICE. Okuvame kakhulu futhi ethandwa kwaba injini F16D3, eyayisetshenziswa zonke izimoto ezintathu. Futhi izinguqulo ze-F18D3 ne-T18SED zifakwe kuphela ezimotweni ezinamaleveli e-TOP trim futhi zasetshenziswa kumamodeli ananoma yiluphi uhlobo lomzimba. Ngendlela, i-F19D3 iyi-T18SED ethuthukisiwe, kodwa ngaphezulu kwalokho kamuva.
I-F14D3 - injini evuthayo yangaphakathi ebuthakathaka ku-Chevrolet Lacetti
Le njini yasungulwa ekuqaleni kweminyaka yawo-2000 ngezimoto ezilula nezihlangene. Ingena kahle kuChevrolet Lacetti. Ongoti bathi i-F14D3 iyinjini eklanywe kabusha i-Opel X14XE noma i-X14ZE efakwe kwi-Opel Astra. Zinezingxenye eziningi eziguquguqukayo, izindlela ezifanayo ze-crank, kodwa alukho ulwazi olusemthethweni mayelana nalokhu, lokhu kuwukubonwa kochwepheshe.
Injini yomlilo yangaphakathi ayimbi, ifakwe izinxephezelo ze-hydraulic, ngakho-ke ukulungiswa kwe-valve akudingekile, isebenza kuphethiloli we-AI-95, kodwa ungawugcwalisa ngo-92 futhi ngeke uwubone umehluko. Kukhona futhi i-valve ye-EGR, okuthi ngokombono inciphisa inani lezinto eziyingozi ezikhishelwa emkhathini ngokushisa kabusha amagesi e-exhaust ekamelweni elivuthayo. Eqinisweni, lokhu "kubuhlungu bekhanda" kubanikazi bezimoto ezisetshenzisiwe, kodwa ngaphezulu ngezinkinga zeyunithi kamuva. Futhi kwi-F14D3 isebenzisa i-timing belt drive. Ama-roller kanye nebhande ngokwalo kufanele lishintshwe njalo ngamakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezingu-60, ngaphandle kwalokho ikhefu lokugoba okulandelayo kwama-valve alinakugwenywa.
Injini ngokwayo ilula ngendlela emangalisayo - iyi-classic "in-line" enamasilinda angu-4 nama-valve angu-4 kulowo nalowo wabo. Okusho ukuthi, kunama-valve angu-16 esewonke. Umthamo - 1.4 amalitha, amandla - 95 hp; i-torque - 131 Nm. Ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kuyinto ejwayelekile yalezi zinjini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi: amalitha ayi-7 ngebanga elingu-100 km ngemodi exubile, ukusetshenziswa kukawoyela okungenzeka kube ngu-0.6 l/1000 km, kodwa imfucuza ibonakala ikakhulukazi ezinjinini ezine-mileage engaphezu kwezinkulungwane eziyi-100 km. Isizathu siwubala - izindandatho ezinamathele, okuyikhona okuhlushwa amayunithi amaningi agijimayo.
Umkhiqizi uncoma ukugcwalisa uwoyela nge-viscosity ye-10W-30, futhi lapho usebenzisa imoto ezindaweni ezibandayo, i-viscosity edingekayo yi-5W30. Kukholakala ukuthi uwoyela we-GM wangempela ufaneleka kangcono. Kucatshangelwa ukuthi okwamanje izinjini ze-F14D3 zine-mileage ephezulu, kungcono ukusebenzisa "i-semi-synthetic". Ukushintsha uwoyela wenziwa ku-15000 km ejwayelekile, kodwa kucatshangelwa izinga eliphansi likaphethiloli kanye namafutha ngokwawo (kunezinqwaba ezingezona ezangempela emakethe), kungcono ukuyishintsha ngemuva kwezinkulungwane ezingama-7-8. amakhilomitha. Impilo yenjini ingamakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-200-250.
Izinkinga
Injini inemibi, miningi. Okubaluleke kakhulu kuzo ama-valve alengayo. Lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa yegebe phakathi kwe-bushing ne-valve. Ukwakhiwa kwe-carbon deposits kule gebe kwenza kube nzima ukuthi i-valve ihambe, okuholela ekuwohlokeni kokusebenza: amayunithi amayunithi, ama-stalls, asebenze ngokungazinzile, futhi alahlekelwe amandla. Ezimweni eziningi, lezi zimpawu zibonisa inkinga ethile. Ochwepheshe batusa ukugcwalisa uphethiloli wekhwalithi ephezulu kuphela eziteshini zikaphethiloli eziqinisekisiwe futhi uqale ukushayela kuphela ngemuva kokuthi injini ifudumale ibe ngama-degree angama-80 - esikhathini esizayo lokhu kuzoqeda inkinga yokulenga ama-valve noma, okungenani, ukuyibambezela.
Lokhu kuntuleka kukhona kuzo zonke izinjini ze-F14D3 - kwaqedwa kuphela ngo-2008 ngokushintsha ama-valve nokwandisa imvume. Le njini evuthayo yangaphakathi ibibizwa nge-F14D4, kodwa ibingasetshenziswa ezimotweni zakwaChevrolet Lacetti. Ngakho-ke, lapho ukhetha i-Lacetti esetshenzisiwe, kufanelekile ukubuza ukuthi ingabe ikhanda lesilinda lakhiwe kabusha. Uma kungenjalo, khona-ke kukhona amathuba aphezulu ezinkinga ngama-valve maduzane.
Ezinye izinkinga nazo zingenzeka: ukukhubeka ngenxa yokujova okuvalwe ukungcola, isivinini esintantayo. Imvamisa i-thermostat eku-F14D3 iyaphuka, okubangele ukuthi injini imise ukushisisa izinga lokushisa lokusebenza. Kodwa lokhu akuyona inkinga enkulu - ukufaka esikhundleni se-thermostat kungenziwa phakathi nesigamu sehora futhi akubizi.
Okulandelayo, uwoyela uvuza nge-gasket esembozweni sevalvu. Ngenxa yalokhu, i-lubricant ingena emithonjeni ye-spark plug, bese kuvela izinkinga ngezintambo ezinamandla kagesi. Ngokuyisisekelo, ngamakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane eziyi-100, lesi sici sibonakala cishe kuwo wonke amayunithi we-F14D3. Ochwepheshe batusa ukushintsha i-gasket njalo ngamakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezingu-40.
Ukuqhunyiswa noma ukungqongqoza enjinini kukhombisa izinkinga ngesinxephezelo se-hydraulic noma i-catalyst. I-radiator evalekile kanye nokushisa okwalandela kwenzeka, ngakho-ke, ezinjinini ezine-mileage engaphezu kwezinkulungwane eziyi-100 km. Kunconywa ukuthi ubheke izinga lokushisa elipholile ku-thermometer - uma liphakeme kunezinga lokushisa lokusebenza, khona-ke kungcono ukumisa futhi uhlole i-radiator, inani le-antifreeze ku-tank, njll.
I-valve ye-EGR iyinkinga cishe kuzo zonke izinjini lapho ifakwe khona. Iqoqa ngokuphelele ama-carbon deposits avimbela ukushaywa kwenduku. Ngenxa yalokho, ingxube yamafutha omoya kanye namagesi okukhipha umoya ihlale inikezwa kumasilinda, ingxube iba buthakathaka futhi i-detonation iyenzeka, futhi ukulahlekelwa amandla kwenzeka. Inkinga ingaxazululwa ngokuhlanza i-valve (kulula ukususa nokukhipha ama-carbon deposits), kodwa lokhu kuyisilinganiso sesikhashana. Isixazululo se-radical silula futhi - i-valve isusiwe, futhi isiteshi sokukhipha umoya enjini sivaliwe ngepuleti lensimbi. Futhi ukuze iphutha le-Check Engine lingaveli kudeshibhodi, "ubuchopho" bukhanyisa kabusha. Ngenxa yalokho, injini isebenza ngokujwayelekile, kodwa ikhiphela izinto eziyingozi kakhulu emkhathini.
Ngokushayela okuphakathi, ukufudumala injini ngisho nasehlobo, usebenzisa uphethiloli namafutha aphezulu, injini izohamba amakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezingu-200 ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Okulandelayo, kuzodingeka ukulungiswa okukhulu, futhi ngemva kwalokho, kuye ngenhlanhla yakho.
Ngokuqondene nokushuna, i-F14D3 inesithukuthezi ku-F16D3 ngisho ne-F18D3. Lokhu kungenzeka njengoba i-cylinder block kulezi zinjini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi iyafana. Nokho, kulula ukushintsha i-F16D3 bese uyifake esikhundleni seyunithi engu-1.4-litre.
I-F16D3 - evame kakhulu
Uma i-F14D3 ifakwe kuma-hatchback e-Lacetti noma kuma-sedans, i-F16D3 yayisetshenziswa kuzo zonke izinhlobo ezintathu zezimoto, kuhlanganise nenqola yesiteshi. Amandla ayo afinyelela ku-109 hp, torque – 131 Nm. Umehluko wayo oyinhloko kusuka enjini yangaphambilini umthamo wamasilinda futhi, ngenxa yalokho, amandla anda. Ngaphandle kweLacetti, le njini ingatholakala kwi-Aveo ne-Cruze.
Ngokwesakhiwo, i-F16D3 ihlukile nge-piston stroke (81.5 mm iqhathaniswa no-73.4 mm we-F14D3) kanye nobubanzi besilinda (79 mm uma kuqhathaniswa no-77.9 mm). Ngaphezu kwalokho, ihambisana ne-Euro 5 standard standard, nakuba inguqulo ye-1.4-litre i-Euro 4 kuphela. Ngokuqondene nokusetshenziswa kwamafutha, isibalo siyafana - amalitha angu-7 nge-100 km ngemodi exubile. Kunconywa ukuthi uthele amafutha afanayo enjini yangaphakathi yomlilo njengaku-F14D3 - kulokhu akukho mehluko.
Izinkinga
Injini engu-1.6 litre yeChevrolet iyi-Z16XE eguquliwe, efakwe ku-Opel Astra ne-Zafira. Inezingxenye ezishintshayo kanye nezinkinga ezijwayelekile. Okuyinhloko i-valve ye-EGR, ebuyisela amagesi e-exhaust kumasilinda ukuze kushiswe okokugcina izinto eziyingozi. Iba ne-carbon deposits - indaba yesikhathi, ikakhulukazi uma usebenzisa uphethiloli wekhwalithi ephansi. Inkinga ixazululwa ngendlela eyaziwayo - ngokuvala i-valve nokufaka isofthiwe lapho ukusebenza kwayo kukhishwa khona.
Okunye ukushiyeka kufana nenguqulo encane ye-1.4-litre, kufaka phakathi ukwakheka kwe-carbon deposits kuma-valve, okuholela "ekulengiswa" kwabo. Awekho amaphutha e-valve ezinjinini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi ngemuva kuka-2008. Iyunithi ngokwayo isebenza ngokujwayelekile kumakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-200-250, bese kuya ngenhlanhla yakho.
Ukushuna kungenzeka ngezindlela ezahlukene. Okulula kakhulu ukushuna kwe-chip, nakho okufanele i-F14D3. Ukubuyekeza i-firmware kuzonikeza ukwanda kwe-5-8 hp kuphela, ngakho ukushuna kwe-chip ngokwako akulungile. Kumele ihambisane nokufakwa kwama-camshaft ezemidlalo kanye namagiya okuhlukanisa. Ngemuva kwalokhu, i-firmware entsha izonyusa amandla ku-125 hp.
Inketho elandelayo isidina futhi ukufaka crankshaft kusukela F18D3 injini, enikeza 145 hp. Kuyabiza, kwesinye isikhathi kungcono ukuthatha i-F18D3 ukuze uyishintshe.
I-F18D3 - enamandla kakhulu ku-Lacetti
Le njini evuthayo yangaphakathi ifakwe kwa-Chevrolet kumazinga we-TOP trim. Umehluko ezinguqulweni ezincane uyakha:
- I-piston stroke ingu-88.2 mm.
- Ububanzi be-cylinder - 80.5 mm.
Lezi zinguquko zenze ukuthi ivolumu ikhuphuke ibe amalitha angu-1.8; amandla - kufika ku-121 hp; i-torque - kufika ku-169 Nm. Injini ihambisana ne-Euro-5 ejwayelekile futhi isebenzisa amalitha angu-100 ngebanga lika-8.8 km ngemodi exubile. Idinga 3.75 amalitha kawoyela nge viscosity 10W-30 noma 5W-30 nge isikhawu esikhundleni 7-8 ayizinkulungwane km. imithombo yayo - 200-250 ayizinkulungwane km.
Uma kucatshangelwa ukuthi i-F18D3 iyinguqulo ethuthukisiwe ye-F16D3 kanye ne-F14D3 izinjini, ukungalungi nezinkinga kuyafana. Azikho izinguquko ezingathi sína kwezobuchwepheshe, ngakho abanikazi Chevrolet F18D3 bangalulekwa ukuba bagcwalise uphethiloli eliphezulu, njalo ukufudumala injini 80 degrees futhi uqaphe ukufundwa izinga lokushisa.
Kukhona nenguqulo engu-1.8-litre T18SED, eyafakwa ku-Lacetti kwaze kwaba ngu-2007. Khona-ke yathuthukiswa - yile ndlela i-F18D3 evele ngayo. Ngokungafani ne-T18SED, iyunithi entsha ayinazo izintambo ezinamandla kagesi - imojula yokuthungela isetshenziswa esikhundleni salokho. Futhi, ibhande lesikhathi, ipompo kanye nama-roller ashintshile kancane, kodwa akukho mehluko ekusebenzeni phakathi kwe-T18SED ne-F18D3, futhi umshayeli ngeke abone umehluko ekuphatheni nhlobo.
Kuzo zonke izinjini ezifakwe ku-Lacetti, i-F18D3 iyona kuphela iyunithi yamandla lapho kungafakwa khona i-compressor. Yiqiniso, inezinga eliphezulu lokucindezela elingu-9.5, ngakho-ke kufanele lehliswe kuqala. Ukuze wenze lokhu, faka ama-cylinder head gaskets amabili. Ukufaka i-turbine, ama-pistons ashintshwa ngama-forged anemifantu ekhethekile yesilinganiso esiphansi sokucindezela, futhi ama-injection angu-360cc-440cc afakiwe. Lokhu kuzonyusa amandla ku-180-200 hp. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi insiza injini kuzokwehla futhi ukusetshenziswa uphethiloli kuzokhula. Futhi umsebenzi ngokwawo uyinkimbinkimbi futhi udinga ukutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu.
Inketho elula ukufaka ama-camshaft ezemidlalo ngesigaba sama-270-280, isicabucabu esingu-4-2-1 kanye ne-exhaust ene-51 mm cut. Kulokhu kucushwa kufanele kukhanye "ubuchopho", okuzokuvumela kalula ukuthi ususe i-140-145 hp. Ukuze uthole amandla engeziwe, i-cylinder head, ama-valve amakhulu kanye nesamukeli esisha se-Lacetti siyadingeka. Cishe i-160 hp ekugcineni ungayithola.
Izinjini zenkontileka
Ungathola izinjini zenkontileka kumasayithi afanelekile. Ngokwesilinganiso, izindleko zabo ziyahlukahluka kusuka ruble 45 kuya 100 ayizinkulungwane. Intengo incike kwimayela, ukuguqulwa, iwaranti kanye nesimo esijwayelekile senjini.
Ngaphambi kokuthenga injini yenkontileka, kufanelekile ukukhumbula: lezi zinjini zingaphezu kweminyaka eyi-10 ubudala. Ngakho-ke, lezi yizikhungo zikagesi eziguge kakhulu ezimpilo yazo izophela. Lapho ukhetha, qiniseka ukuthi ubuza ukuthi injini ishintshiwe yini. Lapho uthenga imoto entsha eningi noma engaphansi enenjini, ibanga lifinyelela ku-100 ayizinkulungwane km. Kunconywa ukucacisa ukuthi i-cylinder head yakhiwe kabusha yini. Uma kungenjalo, khona-ke lokhu kuyisizathu "sokwehlisa" intengo, ngoba maduzane kuzodingeka uhlanze ama-valve kusuka ku-carbon deposits.
Kufanele ngithenge?
Lonke uchungechunge lwezinjini ze-F ezisetshenziswe ku-Lacetti ziphumelele. Lezi zinjini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi kulula ukuzinakekela, azisebenzisi uphethiloli omningi futhi zilungele ukushayela edolobheni elilingene.
Kufika kumakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezingu-200, izinkinga akufanele ziphakame ngokulungiswa okufika ngesikhathi kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezinto ezisetshenziswayo eziphezulu, ukuze ukwazi ukuthenga imoto ngokuphepha ngokusekelwe kuyo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinjini zochungechunge lwe-F zifundwe kahle futhi kulula ukuzilungisa; kunezingxenye eziningi eziyisipele zazo, ngakho-ke isikhathi sokuphumula esiteshini sesevisi ngenxa yokusesha ingxenye efanele asifakiwe.
Injini evuthayo yangaphakathi ehamba phambili ochungechungeni iphenduke i-F18D3 ngenxa yamandla ayo amakhulu namandla okushuna. Kodwa kukhona ne-drawback - ukusetshenziswa kwegesi okuphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa ne-F16D3 futhi ikakhulukazi i-F14D3, kodwa lokhu kuvamile uma kucatshangelwa umthamo wamasilinda.
