Injini yomlilo yangaphakathi - iyini futhi isebenza kanjani?

Injini yomlilo yangaphakathi iseyisisekelo sokusebenza kwamadivaysi amaningi namuhla. Ayisetshenziswa izimoto kuphela, kodwa futhi ngemikhumbi nezindiza. I-motor drive isebenza ngesisekelo sento efudumele neshisayo. Ngokwenkontileka nokwandisa, ithola amandla avumela into ukuthi ihambe. Yisisekelo lapho kungekho moto ongakwazi ukusebenza ngempumelelo. Ngakho-ke, umshayeli ngamunye kufanele azi isakhiwo sakhe esiyisisekelo kanye nesimiso sokusebenza, ukuze uma kwenzeka inkinga, kulula futhi ngokushesha ukuxilonga ukungasebenzi okungenzeka. Qhubeka ufunde ukuze uthole okwengeziwe!

Iyini injini yomlilo yangaphakathi?

Njengoba igama liphakamisa, ngokuyinhloko iyithuluzi lokubasa uphethiloli. Ngale ndlela, ikhiqiza amandla, angaphinde aqondiswe kabusha, isibonelo, ukuhambisa imoto noma ukuyisebenzisela ukuvula omunye umshini. Injini evuthayo yangaphakathi iqukethe ikakhulukazi:

• i-crankshaft;
• khipha i-camshaft;
• isibhamu;
• ipulaki yenhlansi. 

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi izinqubo ezenzeka ngaphakathi kwenjini zihamba ngama-cyclical futhi kufanele zifane. Ngakho-ke, uma imoto iyeka ukuhamba ngokuvumelana, inkinga ingase ilele enjinini.

Isebenza kanjani injini evuthayo yangaphakathi? Kuyindlela elula kakhulu.

Injini yomlilo yangaphakathi idinga kokubili izindawo ezibandayo nezishisayo ukuze isebenze. Eyokuqala imvamisa umoya omuncwa endaweni ezungezile bese ucindezelwa. Lokhu kwandisa izinga lokushisa nokucindezela kwayo. Ibe ifudunyezwa ngophethiloli oshiswe endlini. Lapho imingcele efanele ifinyelelwa, iyanwebeka kusilinda noma ku-turbine, kuye ngomklamo wenjini ethile. Ngale ndlela, amandla akhiqizwa, angase aqondiswe kabusha ukushayela umshini. 

Izinjini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi nezinhlobo zazo.

Izinjini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi zingahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene. Ukuhlukaniswa kuncike kumapharamitha acatshangelwayo. Okokuqala, sihlukanisa izinjini:

• ukuvutha okuvulekile;
• ukuvutha okuvaliwe. 

Owokuqala angase abe nesimo segesi sokubunjwa okungaguquki, kuyilapho ukwakheka kokugcina kuyahlukahluka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bangakwazi ukuhlukana ngenxa yengcindezi ku-multifold intake. Ngakho-ke, izinjini ezishibhile ngokwemvelo nezine-supercharged zingahlukaniswa. Ezokugcina zihlukaniswe ngamashaja aphansi, aphakathi nendawo naphezulu. Kukhona futhi, isibonelo, injini ye-Streling, esekelwe emthonjeni wokushisa wamakhemikhali. 

Ubani owasungula injini yomlilo yangaphakathi? Kwaqala ngekhulu lesi-XNUMX

Enye yama-prototypes okuqala yadalwa nguPhilippe Lebon, unjiniyela waseFrance owayehlala engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu le-1799. UmFulentshi wasebenzela ekuthuthukiseni injini yesitimu, kodwa ekugcineni, eneminyaka engu-60, wasungula umshini umsebenzi wawo wawuwukushisa amagesi akhipha umoya. Nokho izethameli azikuthandanga ukwethula ngenxa yephunga eliphuma emshinini. Cishe iminyaka eyi-XNUMX, okuqanjiwe bekungadumile. Yasungulwa nini injini evuthayo yangaphakathi, njengoba siyazi namuhla? Kuphela ngo-1860, u-Etienne Lenoir wathola ukusetshenziswa kwayo, edala imoto enqoleni endala edonswa amahhashi, futhi ngaleyo ndlela waqala indlela eya emishini yesimanje.

Injini yomlilo yangaphakathi ezimotweni zokuqala zesimanje

Izinjini zokuqala ezivuthayo zangaphakathi, ezasetshenziswa ukuphehla izimoto njengezimoto zesimanje, zaqala ukwakhiwa ngeminyaka yawo-80s. Phakathi kwamaphayona kwakunoKarl Benz, owakha imoto ebhekwa njengemoto yokuqala emhlabeni ngo-1886. Nguye owasungula imfashini yomhlaba yokuqhuba izimoto. Inkampani ayisungula isekhona nanamuhla futhi yaziwa kakhulu ngeMercedes. Nokho, kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ngo-1893 Rudolf Diesel wadala injini yokushisa yokucindezela yokuqala emlandweni. 

Ingabe injini evuthayo yangaphakathi iwukhiye wakamuva oqanjwe embonini yezimoto?

Injini evuthayo yangaphakathi iyisisekelo semishini yesimanje, kodwa kungenzeka ilibaleke ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Onjiniyela babika ukuthi abasakwazi ukwenza izindlela ezihlala isikhathi eside zalolu hlobo. Ngalesi sizathu, amadrayivu kagesi angangcolisi imvelo namandla awo azothandwa kakhulu. 

Injini evuthayo yangaphakathi isibe yingqophamlando ebalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwemboni yezimoto. Zonke izinkomba zibonisa ukuthi lokhu kuzoba yinto yesikhathi esidlule maduzane ngenxa yezindinganiso eziba nomthelela omubi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bekufanelekile ukujwayelana nedivayisi nomlando wayo, ngoba maduzane izophenduka insalela yesikhathi esidlule.