Injini ye-VAZ-415
Okuqukethwe
Ukuqhubeka kokuthuthukiswa kokudalwa nokukhiqizwa kwezinjini ezijikelezayo kwaba ukuthuthukiswa okulandelayo kwabakhi benjini ye-VAZ. Baklama futhi bafaka ekukhiqizeni iyunithi yamandla entsha efanayo.
Incazelo
Ikakhulukazi, Vaz-415 injini rotary kwaba intuthuko ekhiqizwa ngaphambili Vaz-4132. Uma uqhathanisa nayo, injini evuthayo yangaphakathi isiphenduke yonke indawo - ingafakwa ku-Zhiguli, i-front-wheel drive Samara kanye ne-Niva-wheel drive.
Umehluko omkhulu ezinjinini ze-piston ezaziwa kakhulu kwakuwukungabikho kwe-crank mechanism, isikhathi, ama-piston, namadrayivu awo wonke lawa mayunithi okuhlangana.
Lo mklamo wanikeza izinzuzo eziningi, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo wanikeza abanikazi bezimoto izinkinga ezingalindelekile.
I-VAZ-415 iyinjini ejikelezayo kaphethiloli enevolumu engu-1,3 amalitha kanye nomthamo we-140 hp. netorque engu-186 Nm.
I-motor yakhiqizwa ngamaqoqo amancane futhi yafakwa ku-VAZ 2109-91, 2115-91, 21099-91 kanye nezimoto ezingu-2110. Ukufakwa okukodwa kwenziwa ku-VAZ 2108 naku-RAF.
Isici esihle se-VAZ-415 ukungabi nandaba nophethiloli - isebenza ngokulinganayo kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lukaphethiloli kusuka ku-A-76 kuya ku-AI-95. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli ngesikhathi esifanayo kwakufisa okungcono kakhulu - kusuka kumalitha ayi-12 ngebanga elingu-100 km.
Okuhlaba umxhwele nakakhulu "uthando" lwamafutha. Isilinganiso esisetshenziswa uwoyela ngebanga lika-1000 km singama-700 ml. Ezinjinini ezintsha zangempela, ifinyelela ku-1 litre / 1000 km, futhi kulabo abasondelayo ukulungisa, 6 l / 1000 km.
Insiza ye-mileage eshiwo ngumkhiqizi we-125 km cishe ayizange igcinwe. Ngo-1999, injini yayibhekwa njengengqwele, idlule cishe izinkulungwane ezingama-70 km.
Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, kufanele kucatshangelwe ukuthi le moto yayihloselwe izimoto ze-KGB kanye noMnyango Wezangaphakathi. Amayunithi ambalwa alawa mayunithi awela ezandleni zangasese.
Ngakho, umqondo "umnotho" akuyona Vaz-415. Akuwona wonke abathandi bezimoto abajwayelekile abazothanda ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli, impilo yesevisi emfushane, hhayi izingxenye eziyisipele ezishibhile zokulungiswa.
Ngokubukeka, injini ngokwayo ikhudlwana kune-gearbox ye-VAZ 2108. Ifakwe i-Solex carburetor, uhlelo olubili lokuthungela: amaswishi amabili, amakhoyili amabili, amakhandlela amabili esigabeni ngasinye (okuyinhloko nangemuva).
Okunamathiselwe kuhlanganiswe ndawonye futhi kunokufinyelela okulula ukuze kulungiswe.
Idivayisi yenjini ilula kakhulu. Ayinayo i-KShM evamile, isikhathi nokushayela kwayo. Indima yama-pistons yenziwa yi-rotor, futhi amasilinda ayindawo yangaphakathi eyinkimbinkimbi ye-stator. I-motor ine-four-stroke cycle. Umdwebo ongezansi ubonisa ukusebenza kwenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi.
I-rotor (emdwebeni, unxantathu oyi-convex omnyama) yenza umjikelezo we-stroke esebenzayo izikhathi ezintathu ku-revolution eyodwa. Ukusuka lapha, amandla, i-torque ecishe ibe njalo kanye nesivinini esikhulu senjini sithathwa.
Futhi, ngokufanele, ukwanda kokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli nowoyela. Akunzima ukucabanga ukuthi hlobo luni lwe-friction force ama-vertices kanxantathu we-rotor okufanele anqobe. Ukuze unciphise, amafutha afakwa ngqo ekamelweni elivuthayo (elifana nengxube kaphethiloli yezithuthuthu, lapho amafutha athululelwa khona kuphethiloli).
Kuyacaca ukuthi kulokhu, ukuhambisana nezindinganiso zemvelo zokuhlanza i-exhaust cishe akunakwenzeka.
Ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nokwakhiwa kwemoto kanye nesimiso sokusebenza kwayo ngokubuka ividiyo:
Технические характеристики
| Umkhiqizi | Okukhathazeka "AvtoVAZ" |
| uhlobo lwenjini | rotary, 2-isigaba |
| Unyaka wokukhishwa | 1994 |
| Inombolo yezigaba | 2 |
| Ivolumu, cm³ | 1308 |
| Amandla, l. Nge | 140 |
| I-Torque, Nm | 186 |
| Isilinganiso sokucindezela | 9.4 |
| Isivinini esincane sokungenzi lutho | 900 |
| Amafutha afakwe | 5W-30 – 15W-40 |
| Ukusetshenziswa kukawoyela (kubaliwe), % wokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli | 0.6 |
| Uhlelo lokuphakelwa kukaphethiloli | carburetor |
| I-Fuel | uphethiloli AI-95 |
| Amazinga ezemvelo | Euro 0 |
| Insiza, ngaphandle. km | 125 |
| Isisindo kg | 113 |
| Indawo: | phambene |
| Ukushuna (ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa insiza), l. Nge | 217 * |
*305l. c ye-VAZ-415 ene-injector
Ukuthembeka, ubuthakathaka, ukugcina
Ukuthembeka
Naphezu kwezikhathi eziningi ezingapheli, i-VAZ-415 ibhekwa njengenjini ethembekile. Lokhu kuvezwe ngokucacile kwenye yezinkundla ezisikiwe zaseNovosibirsk. Uyabhala: "... injini ilula, inokwethenjelwa, kodwa inkinga inezingxenye ezisele namanani ...".
Inkomba yokwethembeka imayela okufanele lilungiswe. Insiza eyamenyezelwa umenzi yayingavamile ukugcinwa, kodwa kwakukhona amaqiniso athakazelisayo emlandweni wemoto.
Ngakho, umagazini othi "Emuva kwesondo" uchaza isimo ngenjini ejikelezayo efakwe ku-RAF. Kuyagcizelelwa,... injini ekugcineni iguge ngamakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane eziyi-120, futhi i-rotor empeleni yayingekho ngaphansi kokulungiswa ...".
Abanikazi bezimoto ezizimele nabo banolwazi ekusebenzeni isikhathi eside kwezinjini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi. Kunobufakazi bokuthi lolu phiko lunikeze imayela elingaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezingama-300 km ngaphandle kokulungiswa okukhulu.
Isici sesibili esiyinhloko esikhuluma ngokwethembeka umkhawulo wokuphepha. I-VAZ-415 inomunye omangalisayo. Ukufakwa okukodwa kuphela kwe-injector kwandisa amandla enjini izikhathi ezingaphezu kuka-2,5. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi injini ingakwazi ukumelana kalula nesivinini esikhulu. Ngakho, ukuphotha kuze 10 ayizinkulungwane ukuvukela akuyona umkhawulo kuye (ukusebenza - 6 ayizinkulungwane).
I-AvtoVAZ design Bureau isebenza njalo ukuthuthukisa ukuthembeka kweyunithi. Ngakho-ke, inkinga yokwandisa ukusebenza kahle kwemihlangano yokuthwala, igesi kanye ne-oil scraper seals, i-warping yensimbi yemihlangano yomzimba ngenxa yokushisa kwabo okuhlukile kwaxazululwa.
I-VAZ-415 ibonakala njengenjini enokwethenjelwa, kodwa kuphela esimweni sokunakekelwa okufika ngesikhathi futhi okuphelele kwayo.
Izindawo ezibuthakathaka
Vaz-415 ubuthakathaka bemvelo ababendulele. Okokuqala, abanikazi bezimoto abanelisekile ngokusetshenziswa kakhulu kukawoyela nophethiloli. Lesi isici senjini ejikelezayo, futhi kufanele ubekezele.
Kulesi senzakalo, umshayeli we-wood_goblin waseMakhachkala uyabhala: "... nakuba ukusetshenziswa cishe ilitha lamafutha nge-1000, futhi ngisho nowoyela udinga ukushintshwa njalo nge-5000, namakhandlela - njalo nge-10000 ... Yebo, izingxenye ezisele zenziwe kuphela izimboni ezimbili ...".
UPhillip J ukhuluma naye ngezwi: “... into engathandeki kakhulu akukhona ukonga. I-Rotary "eyisishiyagalombili" idla amalitha angu-15 kaphethiloli ngebanga elingu-100 km. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, injini, ngokusho konjiniyela bayo, ayinandaba nokuthi yini okufanele idle: okungenani i-98, okungenani i-76 ...".
Umklamo okhethekile wekamelo lomlilo awuvumeli ukuba nokushisa okufanayo kwazo zonke izindawo zenjini yangaphakathi yomlilo. Ngakho-ke, ukushayela ngokunganaki nobudlova kuvame ukuholela ekushiseni ngokweqile kweyunithi.
Okubaluleke ngokufanayo izinga eliphezulu lobuthi bamagesi aphumayo. Ngenxa yezizathu eziningi, injini ayihlangabezani nezindinganiso zemvelo ezamukelwa eYurophu. Lapha kufanele sihloniphe umenzi - umsebenzi kule ndlela uyaqhubeka.
Ukuphazamiseka okukhulu inqubo yokusevisa injini. Iningi leziteshi zesevisi azithathi izinjini ezinjalo ezivuthayo zangaphakathi. Isizathu siwukuthi abekho ochwepheshe abasebenza ezinjini ezijikelezayo.
Eqinisweni, kunezikhungo ezimbili kuphela zesevisi yemoto lapho ungakwazi ukusevisa noma ukulungisa iyunithi ngekhwalithi ephezulu. Enye iseMoscow, eyesibili eTolyatti.
Ukulondolozeka
I-VAZ-415 ilula ekwakhiweni, kodwa ayikho engalungiswa kunoma yiliphi igalaji. Okokuqala, kunenkinga ethile ngokuthola izingxenye ezisele. Okwesibili, iyunithi isabela kabuhlungu kakhulu kukhwalithi yezingxenye. Ukwehluka okuncane kuholela ekuhlulekeni kwayo.
Enye yezinketho ezitholakalayo ukuthenga injini yenkontileka. Kulula ukuthola abathengisi bezinjini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi ezijikelezayo ku-inthanethi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, udinga ukulungiselela iqiniso lokuthi izindleko zalezi zinjini zomlilo zangaphakathi ziphezulu kakhulu.
Naphezu kwesithembiso sezinjini ezijikelezayo, ukukhiqizwa kwe-VAZ-415 kwanqanyulwa. Esinye (futhi mhlawumbe esibaluleke kakhulu) sezizathu kwakuyizindleko eziphakeme zokukhiqizwa kwayo.
