Injini yeToyota 1GD-FTV
Okuqukethwe
Ukuze ungene esikhundleni sochungechunge oluphelelwe yisikhathi lwezinjini ze-KD, abakhi bezinjini base-Japan benze isiphakamiso samasampuli amayunithi wamandla amasha i-1GD-FTV ne-2GD-FTV. Injini engu-1GD-FTV turbodiesel yakhiwe kusukela phansi kuya phezulu. Ekuqaleni, ukufakwa kwayo kwakuhlelwe kuphela ku-Land Cruiser Prado, kodwa kamuva isicelo sanwetshwa. Umsunguli wochungechunge olusha lwe-Global Diesel (GD) ufake konke okuhle kakhulu nokuthuthukile emkhakheni wokwakha injini.
Incazelo nomlando wendalo
Izinjini zochungechunge lwe-KD zizibonakalise ukuthi aziveli ohlangothini oluhle kakhulu. Ikakhulukazi ezindabeni zezomnotho kanye nezidingo zezindinganiso zemvelo. Izici ezithile ezingagculisi, umsindo omkhulu ngesikhathi sokusebenza kanye nezinye izici eziningi ezingezinhle ezenza onjiniyela baseJapane babhekane nesidingo sokuthuthukisa injini entsha yangaphakathi evuthayo.
Uma kubhekwa ukushiyeka kochungechunge lwe-KD, ngo-2015 iToyota yathuthukisa futhi yethula injini entsha ye-1GD-FTV turbocharged diesel ekukhiqizeni.
Ngokusho komkhiqizi, iyunithi yamandla ye-1GD-FTV, ngenxa yokwenziwa kahle kwenqubo yokushiswa kukaphethiloli, isibe ukonga ngo-15% kunangaphambili. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-torque iphakanyiswe ngama-25%. Futhi, okumangazayo kakhulu, izinga le-nitric oxide kumagesi okukhipha umoya liyancipha ngo-99%.
I-cylinder block iyinsimbi ekhonjiwe, engenamikhono. Ezimotweni zolayini wePrado neHiace, zishintshwa ukuze zivumelane nendlela yokulinganisa. Amamodeli e-HiLux awanawo umshini onjalo.
Ikhanda le-cylinder lenziwe nge-aluminium alloy, embozwe ngesembozo sepulasitiki.
Ama-piston athuthuke kakhulu. Ikhanda linesiteshi sokupholisa.
Igumbi lomlilo lithuthukiswe kakhulu. Isiketi se-piston sine-anti-friction coating. I-groove yendandatho yokucindezela ephezulu inokufaka okukhethekile. Ikhanda le-piston liphathwa nge-thermal insulating compound (i-porous anodic alumina).
Indlela yokusabalalisa igesi (isikhathi) yenziwa ngokohlelo lwe-DOHC 16V.
Ukusebenza kwe-valve kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa ama-camshafts amabili nge-chain drive kusuka kumaketanga amabili.
Idrayivu yezinto ezihinged yibhande.
Ukuba khona kwamabhomu kawoyela ohlelweni lokuthambisa kuholele ekuthuthukisweni kukho kokubili ukugcotshwa kwamapiston nokupholisa kwawo. Ngenxa yalokhu okusha, ukuqhekeka kwepiston, njengasochungechungeni lwe-KD izinjini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi, kwehlile emlandweni.
Uhlelo lokungenisa umoya lufakwe i-compact turbine (ubukhulu bube buncane ngo-30%). I-geometry eguquguqukayo ye-vane yomhlahlandlela iqinisekisa ukuthi ukucindezela komoya okuphezulu kugcinwa kunoma yisiphi isivinini se-crankshaft. I-turbine yokupholisa uketshezi. Umoya wokushaja uphinde upholiswe yi-intercooler yangaphambili. Ushintsho ekubunjweni kwamashaneli okuthatha, i-symbiosis ye-turbine entsha kanye ne-intercooler kwandisa ukusebenza kahle kohlelo lokungenisa umoya ngo-11,5%.
I-Common Rail fuel system inikeza ingcindezi yomjovo we-35-220 MPa. Umjovo wamafutha wenziwa kabili. Lokhu kufeza ukuvutha kwayo okuphelele. Umphumela uba ukwanda kwamandla, ukwehla kobuthi bokukhipha umoya, ukuqinisekisa ukusetshenziswa kahle kukaphethiloli nokudala izimo ezivumayo zokugcina izinga lokushisa.
Ukuletha i-exhaust gases kumazinga emvelo we-Euro 6 kuqinisekiswa yilokhu:
- i-oxidative neutralizer (DOC);
- i-particulate filter (DPF);
- I-SCR kanye ne-ASC catalyst system.
Ukwengeza, uhlelo lwe-exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) lunciphisa ukukhishwa kwe-nitrogen oxides. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uhlelo lwe-SCR "lulungisa" ukuphuma kumazinga e-Euro 6 ngokujova isisombululo se-urea.
Enye into entsha iphenduke yaba usizo kumsebenzisi - ukukhwezwa kwenjini esebenzayo. Manje injini isithule, ngaphandle kokuzwa ukundindizela okucasulayo ngaphambilini. Uhlelo olunjalo lusetshenziswa kabanzi ezimotweni zomndeni wakwaPrado.
Imininingwane yenjini ye-1GD-FTV
| Ivolumu yenjini, cm³ | 2755 |
| Amandla, h. | 177 |
| I-Torque, N/m | 420-450 |
| Isilinganiso sokucindezela | 15,6 |
| Inani lamasilinda | 4 |
| Ububanzi besilinda, mm | 92-98 |
| Piston unhlangothi, mm | 103,6 |
| Amasilinda ngesilinda ngasinye | 4 |
| I-Valve drive | I-DOHC 16V |
| I-Fuel | Idizili (DT) |
| Uhlelo lwe-Fuel injection | Ujantshi Ojwayelekile |
| Umbhobho | Kuminyene* |
| I-Turbocharging | I-VGT noma i-VNT |
| Ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli (idolobha/umgwaqo omkhulu/okuxubile), l/100 km | 9,2/6.3/7,4** |
| Umthamo kawoyela, l | 7,5 |
| Amafutha asetshenzisiwe | I-ACEA C2 (0W-30)*** |
| Inkomba yemvelo | Euro 6 |
| Isisindo esihlanganisa ukugcwalisa ngoketshezi olusebenzayo, kg | 270-300 |
| Insiza elinganiselwe, km | 250000 |
Amanani amakwe ngenkanyezi kufanele acaciswe Emiyalweni Yokusebenza Kwemoto.
Ukuthembeka, ubuthakathaka, ukugcina
Iningi labanikazi bezimoto ze-Toyota bayaqaphela ukuthi injini ye-1GD-FTV iyiyunithi ethembekile, kodwa kuncike ezincomo zomenzi. Noma kunjalo, ubuthakathaka benjini yomlilo yangaphakathi busangavamile, kodwa buyabonakala. Ama-node nezingxenye eziyinkinga kakhulu yilezi:
- isihlungi sezinhlayiya (ukuvala);
- amapulaki akhanyayo (ukubhujiswa);
- ama-camshafts nama-rockers (ukwenyuka kokugqoka);
- ipayipi likaphethiloli phakathi kwephampu yomjovo kanye nesitimela (ukuqiniswa okubuthakathaka).
Amaphutha amabili okugcina abonwa inkampani njengephutha layo. Izimoto eziqoqwe e-Japan (March-June 2019) ziphendule ekususweni kwaleli phutha. Inkinga yokuvala isihlungi sezinhlayiya ibangelwa ubunkimbinkimbi bokwenza kabusha okuzenzakalelayo.
Kunconywe ukufaka esikhundleni se-firmware, ufake inkinobho yokuvuselela ephoqelelwe.
Kunoma yikuphi, ukuhlanzwa ngezikhathi ezithile kwepheshana lokungena kanye ne-valve ye-EGR kuyadingeka kuwo wonke injini yesimanje ye-diesel.
Ukuqeda izimbangela eziholela ekubhujisweni kwamapulaki akhanyayo, kuyanconywa futhi ukuthi uguqule i-firmware.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukungasebenzi kahle okubaliwe kungabangelwa izinga eliphansi likaphethiloli wethu we-diesel. Ikakhulukazi lapho ukufakwa kwe-refueling kwenziwa emithonjeni engaqinisekisiwe. (Kulo mcimbi, udaba lokuphepha kokusebenzisa uphethiloli kadizili ezinqoleni zikadizili nemikhumbi bekudingidwa kaningi ezinkundleni ezehlukene).
Kuze kube manje, alukho ulwazi mayelana nokugcinwa, njengoba izinjini zisetshenziswe isikhathi esifushane. Kodwa uma sibheka iqiniso lokuthi i-cylinder block yenziwe ngensimbi ekhonjiwe, singaphetha ngokuthi injini ye-1GD-FTV iyagcinwa.
Ukuhlwaya
Ezimotweni zakwaToyota, kungenzeka ukwandisa amandla eyunithi yamandla ye-1GD-FTV ibe ngu-225 hp. Enkonzweni yemoto ekhethekile, umsebenzi onjalo wenziwa ngokushesha. Kodwa okubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ngemva kokulungiswa okwenziwe ngekhono, insiza yomsebenzi ebekwe umenzi iyagcinwa futhi iwaranti yomthengisi iyagcinwa.
Inqubo yokulungisa i-chip ihlanganisa ukukhanya kweyunithi yokulawula ye-elekthronikhi, ukuvala i-valve ye-EGR ohlelweni lokujikeleza kabusha kwegesi ephumayo. (I-valve inesibopho sokushiswa kwezinhlayiya ze-soot ezakhiwe ngesikhathi sokusha kukaphethiloli).
Ngemva kokuhlela, injini ithola amandla anda (225 hp) kanye nokwanda torque kufika 537 N / m (esikhundleni 450 ngaphambili). Izinguquko ezinjalo zinomphumela omuhle "ekuziphatheni" komshini:
- indawo yokugcina amandla inyuke kakhulu, okubalulekile lapho idlula emgwaqeni omkhulu;
- ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kuncishisiwe;
- ikhefu liyanyamalala lapho ucindezela i-pedal yegesi;
- ukuguquka kwegiya elibushelelezi (ukudlulisa okuzenzakalelayo) kuyaphawulwa.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, abanikazi bezimoto babona ukunciphisa kancane isikhathi sokusheshisa ukuya ku-100 km / h (ngemizuzwana emi-2).
Ukuthuthukiswa kwenjini ngokukhathazeka
Abakhi benjini yakwaToyota abazange bame empumelelweni abayitholile futhi baqhubekile nokuthuthukisa i-1GD-FTV. Iqoqo lokuqala lesivivinyo lenziwe. Umehluko omkhulu kusuka kumanduleli wawo ukwanda kwamandla ku-204 hp. Itorque inyuke ngo-50 N/m yaya ku-500 N/m.
Injini entsha yenzelwe ulayini weToyota Fortuner SUV. Ngokwemininingwane etholakalayo, kulungiselelwa ukuguqulwa kwamaveni akwaToyota Hilux ukuze kufakwe lezi zinjini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi.
Ngakho-ke, singaphetha ngokuthi: ikhwalithi yenjini entsha ye-diesel yaseJapane izanelisa ngokugcwele zonke izidingo zabathengi bethu. Ngokuya kuzo zonke izincomo zomenzi, injini entsha isebenza isikhathi eside futhi ngaphandle kokwehluleka. Njengenhlalayenza, abakhi bezinjini baseJapan babephezulu.
Yiziphi izimoto ezifakiwe
