Injini ye-R5 - umlando, umklamo kanye nokusetshenziswa
Okuqukethwe
Injini ye-R5 inamasilinda amahlanu futhi iyinjini ye-piston, ngokuvamile injini evuthayo yangaphakathi. Umsebenzi wokuqala wenziwa uHenry Ford ngokwakhe, kanye nobuchwepheshe benjini evuthayo yangaphakathi engamasilinda amahlanu nayo yathuthukiswa e-Italy. Thola okuningi mayelana nalolu hlobo lohlobo!
Ukuqala kweyunithi yamasilinda amahlanu
UHenry Ford waqala ukwakha injini enamasilinda amahlanu ngasekupheleni kwawo-30s nasekuqaleni kwawo-40s. Umgomo wawuwukwakha iyunithi eyayingase ifakwe emotweni ehlangene. Lesi sinyathelo asizange sikhiqize inzalo enkulu ngenxa yokuntuleka kwezidingo zezimoto ezihlangene e-US ngaleso sikhathi.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo ne-Ford, injini yamasilinda amahlanu yasungulwa nguLancia. Injini efakwe emalolini isidaliwe. Idizayini ibe yimpumelelo ngokwanele ukuthi ithathe indawo yezinjini zikaphethiloli ezingama-2-cylinder kanye nezingu-3-cylinder. Imodeli yokuqala yenjini ye-R5, ebizwa nge-RO, yalandelwa uhlobo lwe-3RO, olwalusetshenziswa amasosha ase-Italy namaJalimane phakathi neMpi Yezwe II. Ukukhiqizwa kwaqhubeka kwaze kwaba ngu-1950.
Uhlobo lokuqala lwe-spark ignition kanye nenguqulo ye-R5 kaphethiloli.
Isitimela sokuqala sokudubula i-spark-ignition sasetshenziswa ezimbonini zakwaMercedes ngo-1974. Igama lemodeli yale modeli yedizili yi-OM617. Umklamo olula wamasilinda amahlanu nawo wenziwa embonini yeVolkswagen Group - i-Audi 100 ifakwe injini kaphethiloli engu-70 R2.1 ekupheleni kwama-5s.
Izinguqulo ezinamandla zezinjini ezinamasilinda amahlanu
Kwakhiqizwa izinjini eziningana ezinamandla ezinamasilinda amahlanu. Izinjini ze-Turbo nazo zathuthukiswa ezifakwe ezimotweni zezemidlalo - lezi zixazululo nazo zasetshenziswa ezimotweni zokukhiqiza. Enye yazo bekuyiVolvo S60 R enenjini engu-2,5-litre turbocharged inline enamasilinda amahlanu ekhiqiza u-300 hp. kanye ne-torque engu-400 Nm.
Enye imoto enenjini esebenza kahle ka-R5 iFord Focus RS Mk2. Lena imodeli efanayo neVolvo. Umphumela uba imoto edonsa ngamasondo angaphambili enamandla ngokwedlulele - enye yezinamandla kunayo yonke eyake yabakhona. Iqembu lezinjini ezisebenza kahle kakhulu ezinamasilinda amahlanu lihlanganisa ne-Audi RS2 ene-turbocharged 2,2-litre model enamandla angu-311 hp.
Uhlu oluphawulekayo lwezinjini zikadizili ezinamasilinda amahlanu
Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, udizili wokuqala kwaba Mercedes-Benz OM 617 3,0 ngonyaka wokukhiqiza nge umthamo 1974 amalitha, eyayisetshenziswa emotweni enegama 300D. Wayejabulela idumela futhi ebhekwa njengeyunithi yamandla ethembekile. Ngo-1978, i-turbocharging yengezwa kuyo. Owalandela kwaba yi-OM602, efakwe ku-W124, G-Klasse kanye ne-Sprinter. Injini engu-R5 ene-turbocharged enobuchwepheshe be-Common Rail C/E/ML 270 CDI iphinde yatholakala ezinhlotsheni ze-OM612 ne-OM647. Iphinde yasetshenziswa ngumkhiqizi iSSang Yong, beyifaka kumaSUV abo.
Ngaphandle kwezimoto ezibaliwe, iJeep Grand Cherokee ibisebenzisa izitimela ezinamandla ezinamasilinda amahlanu. Ibitholakala ngenjini engu-2,7L Mercedes inline diesel kusukela ngo-2002 kuya ku-2004. Lolu phiko luphinde lwafakwa ezimotweni zeRover Group - bekuyi-Td5 esebenzisa udizili ephuma kuLand Rover Discovery neDefender.
Izinjini ezidumile ze-R5 zihlanganisa namayunithi akhiqizwa uhlobo lweFord. Izinjini ezingama-Turbo-cylinder 3,2-litre ezinama-turbocharged zakwaDurateq zitholakala ezinhlotsheni ezifana neTransit, Ranger neMazda BT-50.
KwaFiat nabo bebenewabo i-five-cylinder diesel unit. Yayikhona kumamodeli ezimoto zaseMarea, kanye nasezindaweni ezingaphansi komkhiqizi wase-Italy uLancia Kappa, Lybra, Thesis, Alfa Romeo 156, 166 no-159.
Injini engu-5-cylinder kaphethiloli
Inguqulo yokuqala ye-five-cylinder petrol injini yavela ngo-1966. Yenziwe onjiniyela bakwaRover futhi inamandla angu-2.5 litres. Inhloso bekuwukukhuphula amandla aphumayo okunikezwayo kwesaluni yomkhiqizi waseBrithani i-P6. Kodwa-ke, iphrojekthi yehlulekile - kwaba khona iziphambeko ezihlobene nohlelo lukaphethiloli.
Kwathi ngo-1976, i-Audi yethula imodeli yayo yokushayela. Bekuyinjini engu-2,1 litre DOHC isuka kweyi-100. Le phrojekthi yaba yimpumelelo, futhi iyunithi yanikezwa ezinguqulweni ezalandela zezimoto - i-Audi Sport Quattro enamandla angu-305 hp. kanye ne-RS2 Avant enamandla angu-315 hp. Iphinde yasetshenziswa emotweni yezemidlalo yomkhiqizi waseJalimane i-Audi S1 Sport Quattro E2, kanye ne-90 hp Audi 90. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi izinhlobo ze-Audi ezinamandla ka-R5 zihlanganisa iTT RS, RS3 neQuattro Concept.
Injini kaphethiloli engu-R5 yethulwe nezinhlobo ezifana neVolvo (850), Honda (Vigor, Inspire, Ascot, Rafaga ne-Acura TL), VW (Jetta, Passat, Golf, Rabbit kanye neNew Beetle yase-US) neFiat ( Bravo , Coupe, Stilo) kanye noLancia (Kappa, Lybra, Thesis).
