Injini ye-Opel Z16XE
Okuqukethwe
Injini kaphethiloli i-Z16XE yafakwa kwa-Opel Astra (phakathi kuka-1998 no-2009) kanye ne-Opel Vectra (phakathi kuka-2002 no-2005). Phakathi neminyaka yokusebenza, le moto izenzele njengeyunithi enokwethenjelwa enempilo ende yesevisi. Inqubomgomo yamanani entengo ethengekayo yokukhanda injini kanye nezici zayo zobuchwepheshe zenze izinhlobo ze-Opel Astra ne-Opel Vectra zaba ngenye yezithengiswa kakhulu.
Umlando omncane
Injini ye-Z16XE ingeyomndeni wakwa-ECOTEC, inkampani eyingxenye yeGeneral Motors edume umhlaba wonke. Imfuneko eyinhloko ye-ECOTEC yamayunithi akhiqiziwe izinga eliphezulu lamazinga emvelo. Ukusebenza okuphezulu kwemvelo kubonakala kokubili kuphethiloli kanye nezinjini zikadizili.
Izinga lezemvelo elidingekayo lafinyelelwa ngokushintsha ukwakheka okuhlukahlukene kokuthatha kanye nezinye izinto ezintsha. I-ECOTEC iphinde yenza ukwenzelela ekusebenzeni, ngokwesibonelo, isikhathi eside izici ezijwayelekile zezinjini zomndeni azizange zishintshe. Lokhu kwenze kwaba nokwenzeka ukunciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza ngobuningi bamayunithi.
Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi i-ECOTEC ingumkhiqizi waseBrithani, ngakho-ke akungabazeki ngekhwalithi yezingxenye kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwezingxenye.
Ngokufinyelela amazinga aphezulu emvelo kanye nokunciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza, inkampani izibekele umgomo wokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli. Ngalokhu, kwasungulwa futhi kwafakwa uhlelo lokugaywa kabusha kwegesi ephumayo ye-elekthronikhi. Ingxenye ye-exhaust yathunyelwa kumasilinda, lapho yayihlanganiswe nengxenye entsha kaphethiloli.
Izinjini zomndeni wakwa-ECOTEC zingamayunithi anokwethenjelwa futhi angabizi "okudlula" afinyelele ku-300000 km ngaphandle kokungasebenzi kahle. Ukulungiswa kabusha kwalawa mamotho kungaphakathi kwenqubomgomo yentengo emaphakathi.
Imifanekiso ye-Z16XE
I-Z16XE ithatha indawo yemodeli endala, i-X16XEL, eyakhiqizwa kusukela ngo-1994 kuya ku-2000. Umehluko omncane ubusenzwa yokuma kwe-crankshaft, ngaphandle kwalokho injini ibingahlukile kozakwabo.
Inkinga enkulu ngenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi ye-Z16XE ukusetshenziswa kwayo kwangempela kukaphethiloli, okuyidolobha elingu-9.5 amalitha. Ngokukhethwa kokushayela okuxubile - akukho ngaphezu kwamalitha angu-7. I-cylinder block yenziwe ngensimbi yekhwalithi ephezulu, ekhiqizwa cishe ngokungenasici, ngaphandle kwamayunithi ambalwa. Inhloko yebhulokhi yenjini yenziwe nge-aluminium.
Imifanekiso ye-Z16XE
| Технические характеристики | I-A22DM |
|---|---|
| Umthamo wenjini | 1598 cm 3 |
| Amandla aphezulu | I-100-101 HP |
| 74 kW ku-6000 rpm. | |
| I-torque enkulu | 150 Nm ku-3600 rpm. |
| Ukusetshenziswa | 7.9-8.2 amalitha ngebanga lika-100 km |
| Isilinganiso sokucindezela | 10.05.2019 |
| Ububanzi besilinda | sisuka ku-79 kuya ku-81.5 mm |
| Ukushaya kwesibhamu | sisuka ku-79 kuya ku-81.5 mm |
| Ukukhishwa kwe-CO2 | kusuka ku-173 kuya ku-197 g/km |
Inani eliphelele lama-valve liyizicucu ezingu-16, 4 isilinda.
Izinhlobo zikawoyela ezinconyiwe
I-average mileage yeyunithi ye-Z16XE ngaphambi kokuyilungisa ingu-300000 km. Kuncike ekunakekeleni okufika ngesikhathi ngamafutha kanye nezinguquko zokuhlunga.
Ngokwebhukwana labanikazi be-Opel Astra kanye ne-Opel Vectra, uwoyela kufanele ushintshwe okungenani kanye njalo ngemva kuka-15000 7500 km. Ukushintshwa kamuva kuholela ekwehleni kokusebenza kwemoto. Eqinisweni, abanikazi abaningi balezi zimoto bayeluleka ngokushintsha uwoyela kaningi - njalo ku-XNUMX km.
Amafutha anconyiwe:
- 0W-30;
- 0W-40;
- 5W-30;
- 5W-40;
- 10W-40.
Amafutha kufanele ashintshwe kuphela lapho injini ifudumele. Ukulandelana kokubuyisela limi kanje:
- Khulisa injini ezingeni lokushisa layo lokusebenza.
- Khumula ngokucophelela ibholidi yokukhipha i-sump bese ukhipha uwoyela osetshenzisiwe.
- Hlanza uhlangothi lukazibuthe lwebhawodi yokukhipha imfucumfucu, uyigoqe futhi uphinde ugcwalise uwoyela okhethekile wokuhlanza injini.
- Qala injini bese uyiyeka ingasebenzi imizuzu engu-10-15.
- Khipha uwoyela oshaywayo, shintsha isihlungi sikawoyela bese uphinda ugcwalise ngesinconyiwe.
Ukushintsha amafutha kuzodinga okungenani amalitha angu-3.5.
Isondlo
Ukunakekela kufanele kwenziwe ngaphandle kokwehluleka ngokuhambisana nebhukwana lokusebenza kwemoto. Lokhu kuzosiza ukugcina izingxenye eziyinhloko zemoto zikulungele njalo ukuhamba.
Uhlu lwezinto zokunakekela eziyisibopho:
- Ukushintsha uwoyela nesihlungi samafutha. Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, kungcono ukushintsha uwoyela njalo ngemva kuka-7500 km. Lapho wenza yonke imisebenzi, kufanele uqiniseke ukuthi imoto iqiniswe ngokuvikelekile (uyilungisa kuma-jack), kanye nokuthi ithuluzi elisizayo lisesimweni esihle. Amafutha angcolile kufanele alahlwe, kwenqatshelwe ngokuphelele ukuwakhipha emhlabathini.
- Ukushintshwa kwesihlungi samafutha. Ngokweseluleko sabashayeli abaningi, isihlungi samafutha ezinjini ze-Z16XE kufanele sishintshwe ngesikhathi esifanayo lapho uwoyela ushintshwa (njalo ngamakhilomitha angu-7500). Lokhu kuzosiza ukusindisa hhayi kuphela ukuphila injini, kodwa futhi valve EGR.
- Njalo ngebanga lika-60000 XNUMX km, ama-spark plug nezintambo ezinamandla kagesi kufanele kushintshwe. Ukugqoka kwe-Spark plug kuholela ekusetshenzisweni kukaphethiloli ngokweqile, kanye nokuncipha kwamandla enjini nesisetshenziswa se-CPG.
- Njalo ngamakhilomitha angu-30000, hlola inani lamagesi e-exhaust ku-exhaust esikhungweni sesevisi noma esiteshini sesevisi. Akwenzeki ukwenza umsebenzi onjalo uwedwa; imishini ekhethekile iyadingeka.
- Njalo ngemuva kuka-60000 XNUMX km hlola isimo sebhande lesikhathi. Uma kudingekile, shintsha ufake entsha.
Ukunakekela kufanele kwenziwe kaningi uma:
- Imoto isetshenziswa ezindaweni ezinomswakama ophezulu noma izindawo ezinothuli, kanye nezimo ezisezingeni eliphansi noma eliphezulu.
- Impahla ihlale ithuthwa ngemoto.
- Imoto ayisebenzi njalo, kodwa ngezikhathi ezinde.
Ukungasebenzi kahle
I-Z16XE motor isizisungule njengeyunithi ethembekile enezingxenye ezithengekayo nezinto ezisebenzisekayo. Kodwa phakathi nesikhathi sokusebenza, abanikazi bezimoto abanale injini bahlonze izinkinga eziningi ezivame kakhulu.
Uhlu lwamaphutha ajwayelekile:
- Ukusetshenziswa kukawoyela okuphezulu. Ngemuva kokwenyuka kokusetshenziswa kukawoyela, akufanele uthumele iyunithi ukuze uthole ukulungiswa okubizayo. Isizathu esivamile ukushintsha kwezigxivizo ze-valve ezihlalweni zabo. Njengesixazululo senkinga, kuyadingeka ukushintsha iziqondiso ze-valve, futhi ulungise ama-valve ngokwawo.
Uma inkinga iqhubeka futhi ukusetshenziswa kukawoyela kuhlala kuphakeme, khona-ke izindandatho ze-piston kufanele zishintshwe. Ukuhlinza kuyabiza futhi kudinga ukuzibandakanya komzingeli onolwazi.
- Inani eliphakeme kakhulu lama-EGR. I-valve ye-EGR isiza ukwehlisa izinga lokushisa lomlilo wengxube kaphethiloli, futhi inciphisa izinga le-CO2 ekukhishweni. I-EGR ifakwe njengento ezungezile. Umphumela wokuvala i-EGR isivinini senjini esintantayo kanye nokwehla kwamandla enjini. Okuwukuphela kwendlela yokwelula impilo yalesi sici ukusebenzisa kuphela uphethiloli wekhwalithi ephezulu nohlanzekile.
- Njengezinjini eziningi ezinama-valve angu-16 ezinamakhamera amabili, iyunithi ye-Z16XE idinga ukunakwa okukhethekile ebhande lesikhathi. Kunconywa ukuyishintsha ngemuva kwe-60000 km, kepha uma umkhiqizo usezingeni eliphansi noma unesici, ukuhlinzwa okunjalo kungadingeka kusenesikhathi. Imiphumela yebhande lesikhathi eliphukile ayijabulisi kakhulu - ama-valve agobile, ngokulandelana, ebiza iloli elidonsayo kanye nokulungiswa okubizayo okulandelayo.
- Abanikazi abaningi bezimoto ezinezinjini ze-Z16XE bakhononda ngomsindo we-metallic ongemnandi ovela ngemva kokugijima kwe-100000 km. Ukuxilongwa kwesiteshi sesevisi esisezingeni eliphansi kuzoba yisidingo sokulungiswa kabusha, kodwa inkinga ingase ibe ukukhweza okuxekethile okuphindaphindiwe. Ukungayinaki inkinga kuzoholela ekulimaleni komqoqi. Izindleko zengxenye ziphezulu.
Ukuqeda umsindo ongathandeki, kwanele ukususa umqoqi (ama-bolts kufanele akhululwe ngokucophelela), futhi ubeke izindandatho ze-fluoroplastic noma ama-gaskets e-paranitic kuzo zonke izindawo zokuxhumana zensimbi, ongayenza wena. Amalunga kufanele aphathwe nge-automotive sealant.
Ayisebenzi esihlokweni sezinjini, kodwa abanikazi abaningi be-Opel Astra ne-Opel Vectra bakhononda ngokungacatshangelwa kahle kwezintambo zalezi zimoto.
Lokhu kuholela ekukhangeni okuqhubekayo kwabasebenza ngogesi bezimoto, izindleko zamasevisi azo ziphezulu kakhulu.
Ukuhlwaya
Ukushuna injini akusho ukuthi kuyiphoqile futhi kwandise amandla ayo afinyelele phezulu kakhulu. Kwanele ukuthuthukisa izici eziningana futhi uthole, isibonelo, ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli okulinganiselwe, ukwanda kokusebenza kwesivinini noma ukuqala okuthembekile kunoma yikuphi ukushisa.
Inketho ebiza kakhulu yokulungisa injini ye-Z16XE i-turbocharged yayo. Lokhu akulula neze ukukwenza, ngoba kuzodinga ukuthengwa kwezingxenye ezifanele kanye nokubandakanyeka kongqondongqondo abahlakaniphile. Abanikazi be-Opel Astra ne-Opel Vectra bancamela ukuthenga injini ene-turbocharged kwezinye izinhlobo zezimoto bese beyibeka ezimotweni zabo. Ngawo wonke umsebenzi, kuphume ishibhile kunokulungisa kabusha iyunithi yomdabu.
Kodwa kubathandi bezimoto ezinamandla nomsindo onzima, kukhona inketho eyodwa yokulungisa i-Z16XE. Ukulandelana kwayo imi kanje:
- Ukufakwa kwesisetshenziswa esinikeza umoya obandayo enjinini. Kulokhu, kufanele ulahle isihlungi somoya, esiphinde sivale umsindo wenjini egijimayo.
- Ukufakwa kwe-multifold exhaust ngaphandle kwe-catalyst, isibonelo, yohlobo lwe-"spider".
- Ukufakwa okuyisibopho kwe-firmware entsha yeyunithi yokulawula.
Imisebenzi engenhla iqinisekisa kufika ku-15 hp. ukuzuza kwamandla.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, hhayi kakhulu, kodwa izozwakala, ikakhulukazi i-1000 km yokuqala. Ukulungiswa okunjalo kuvame ukuhambisana ne "forward current". Umphumela: umsindo ongalungi, we-guttural kanye nenjini enamandla kakhulu. Izindleko zingaphakathi kwemikhawulo eyamukelekayo.
Izinzuzo nezingozi ze-Z16XE
Inzuzo ebalulekile ye-Z16XE iwumthombo owandayo, ngoba akuzona zonke izimoto zanamuhla ezingakwazi ukushayela i-300000 km. Kodwa ukufinyelela uphawu olunjalo kungenzeka kuphela uma ukugcinwa kwenziwa ngendlela efanele nangesikhathi esifanele.
Izinzuzo zihlanganisa ukulungisa okuthengekayo kanye nokuthengwa kwezinsimbi ezidingekayo. Intengo yezingxenye ze-Z16XE iwukuthi akudingeki ubheke ama-analogue ashibhile, kodwa kungcono ukuthenga okwangempela kwekhwalithi ephezulu.
Kodwa kukhona nokubi:
- Umnotho onganele. Amanani kaphethiloli ahlala ekhuphuka, ngakho umnotho uyisici esibalulekile semoto enesikhathi esihle. I-Z16XE ayiyona ingxenye yalesi sigaba, ukusetshenziswa kwayo okujwayelekile kungu-9.5 amalitha ngebanga elingu-100 km, okuyinto eningi kakhulu.
- Inkinga yokusetshenziswa kakhulu kukawoyela. Ukuqeda le nkinga ngeke kuthathe isikhathi esiningi, kodwa kudinga ukutshalwa kwezimali okuthile.
Uma kungenjalo, i-Z16XE ingahlukaniswa njengenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi ethembekile nesezingeni eliphezulu, eye yazuza idumela layo iminyaka eminingi yokusebenza kumamodeli ahlukahlukene emoto.
