Injini ye-Opel X20DTL
Okuqukethwe
Le njini ibhekwa ngokufanelekile njengeyunithi yedizili ethandwa kakhulu ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-90s nasekuqaleni kwawo-2000. Yayifakwe ezimotweni zamakilasi ahluke ngokuphelele, futhi yonke indawo, abathanda izimoto bakwazi ukuthola nokwazisa izinzuzo ezinikezwayo. Amayunithi abhalwe ukuthi X20DTL akhiqizwa kusukela ngo-1997 kuya ku-2008 futhi athathelwa indawo ngokuphelele amayunithi kagesi ahlonyiswe ngohlelo lwe-Common Rail.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi kakade ekuqaleni kwawo-2000, abaningi bakhuluma ngesidingo sokuthuthukisa injini entsha ye-diesel, kodwa iminyaka eyisikhombisa abaklami benkampani abazange banikeze enye indlela efanelekayo kule yunithi yamandla.
Okuwukuphela kwendlela efanelekile kule njini kadizili kwakuyiyunithi yamandla ethengwe yinkampani kwaBMW. Kwakuyi-M57D25 edumile, enomjovo wesitimela ojwayelekile, nakuba ezimotweni zakwa-Opel izimpawu zayo zazibukeka njenge-Y25DT, ngenxa yezimpawu zokuhlukaniswa kwe-GM kwezinjini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi.
Imifanekiso ye-X20DTL
| I-X20DTL | |
|---|---|
| Ukufuduka kwenjini, ama-cubic cm | 1995 |
| Amandla, h. | 82 |
| I-Torque, N*m (kg*m) ngo-rpm | 185 (19)/2500 |
| Amafutha asetshenzisiwe | Uphethiloli kadizili |
| Ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha, l / 100 km | 5.8 - 7.9 |
| uhlobo lwenjini | Emgqeni, 4-isilinda |
| Ulwazi lwenjini | umjovo oqondile one-turbocharged |
| Ububanzi besilinda, mm | 84 |
| Inani lama-valves kwisilinda ngasinye | 4 |
| Amandla, hp (kW) nge-rpm | 82 (60)/4300 |
| Isilinganiso sokucindezela | 18.05.2019 |
| Piston unhlangothi, mm | 90 |
Izici zeMechanical ze-X20DTL
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ngesikhathi sokubukeka kwabo, izici ezinjalo zazibhekwa njengentuthuko kakhulu injini futhi kwavula amathuba amahle kakhulu izimoto Opel ifakwe lezi amayunithi. Ikhanda le-valve engu-16 kanye nepompo yomjovo kaphethiloli we-elekthronikhi kwakubhekwa njengenye yezixazululo ezithuthuka kakhulu zesikhathi sabo.
Le njini ingummeleli ovelele wezinjini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi zedizili ezikhiqizwa ekupheleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule. Yayifakwe isembozo sevalvu ye-aluminium kanye ne-block cast evela kunsimbi ewukhonkolo. Kamuva, lokhu kuguqulwa okufanayo kwashintshwa, futhi isivalo saba ipulasitiki, futhi ibhulokhi lenziwe ngensimbi ye-alloy.
Isici esihlukile senjini ukutholakala kwenani elikhulu lamasayizi okulungisa weqembu le-cylinder-piston kanye nomshini wokuxhuma wenduku.
Idrayivu yesikhathi ibonakala ngokuba khona kwamaketanga amabili - umugqa owodwa ophindwe kabili nomugqa owodwa. Kulokhu, eyokuqala ishayela i-camshaft, kanti eyesibili ihloselwe iphampu yomjovo we-VP44, eye yaba nezikhalazo eziningi kusukela ekukhululweni kwayo ngenxa yokuklanywa kwayo okungaphelele.
Imodeli ye-X20DTL ibe yisisekelo sokuthuthuka nokulungiswa okwengeziwe, okuvumela ukuthuthukiswa okubalulekile komkhakha wokwakha injini yenkampani. Imoto yokuqala kakhulu ukwamukela iyunithi enjalo kwaba Opel Vectra B, okuyinto ngokuhamba kwesikhathi yasakaza cishe zonke izinguquko izimoto ezisezingeni eliphakathi.
Ukwehluleka okuvamile kwamayunithi wamandla we-X20DTL
Esikhathini eside sokusebenza kwale yunithi yamandla, abathandi bezimoto baye bahlonza uhlu olubanzi lwezindawo zezinkinga nezingxenye, ikhwalithi yazo engathanda ukuthuthukiswa kakhulu. Nakuba kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi iningi lamayunithi amandla kalula ukuhamba 300 ayizinkulungwane km ngaphandle kokulungiswa, futhi ukuphila kwesevisi injini yizinkulungwane 400 futhi ukuwohloka main kwenzeka ngemva lesi sisetshenziswa isiphelile.
Phakathi kwezinkinga ezivame kakhulu le njini idume ngazo, ochwepheshe bayaphawula:
- i-engeli yomjovo engalungile. Inkinga yenzeka ngenxa yokwelulwa kweketango lesikhathi. Ngemva kwalokhu, imoto iqala ukuqalisa ngokungabaza. Amajerks angenzeka kanye nesivinini esintantayo lapho ushayela;
- ukucindezeleka kwama-gaskets e-rubber-metal kanye nama-injection kaphethiloli, ukuwela. Emva kwalokhu, kunengozi yokuthi uwoyela wenjini ungene kuphethiloli wedizili bese uhambisa umoya ohlelweni lukaphethiloli;
- Ukulimala kwamagaydi noma ama-tension roller amaketanga esikhathi. Imiphumela ingaba yehluke kakhulu. Ukusuka esitshalweni esingazinzile kuya kuzihlungi ezivalekile.
- ukwehluleka kwe-TNDV VP44. Ingxenye ye-electromechanical yale futha iyindawo ebuthakathaka cishe yazo zonke izimoto ze-Opel ezikhiqizwa ngalesi sikhathi. Ukwephulwa okuncane noma amaphutha ale ngxenye kuholela eqinisweni lokuthi imoto ayiqali nhlobo, noma isebenza engxenyeni yesithathu yamandla angenzeka. Ukungasebenzi kahle kutholakala esikhungweni sesevisi yemoto esitobhini;
- ukugqoka nokuvala amapayipi angenayo. Le nkinga ijwayelekile uma kusetshenziswa amafutha ekhwalithi ephansi kanye nezinto zokugcoba. Imoto iphelelwa amandla futhi ingazinzi. Ukuhlanzwa okuphelele kuphela kwesistimu kungasindisa isimo.
Zonke lezi zinkinga ezingenhla azivamile ukutholakala ezimotweni ngemva kokulungiswa okukhulu kanye namayunithi wamandla anamamayela amancane. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi izinjini zalolu chungechunge zinenani elikhulu lobukhulu bokukhanda futhi iyunithi ngayinye yamandla ingabuyiselwa cishe unomphela.
Amathuba okushintshwa kwamandla akhulayo
Phakathi kwezinjini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi ezinamandla ezinganikezwa esikhundleni salo modeli, kufanelekile ukugqamisa i-Y22DTR nge-117 noma i-125 hp. Bazibonakalise ngokusebenza futhi bazokwandisa kakhulu amandla omshini ngaphandle kokwandisa kakhulu ukusetshenziswa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kulabo abafuna ukufaka iyunithi yamandla entsha futhi enobungani bemvelo emotweni yabo, qaphela i-Y20DTH, ehambisana nezindinganiso zemvelo ze-EURO 3. Amandla ayo yi-101 hp. futhi kuzokuvumela ukuthi uwine kancane ngokungeza amahhashi ambalwa kuyunithi yamandla.
Ngaphambi kokufaka injini esikhundleni se-analogue yenkontileka, noma ukufaka inguqulo enamandla kakhulu, kufanele uhlole ngokucophelela zonke izinombolo zengxenye eyisipele ethengiwe nalezo ezikhonjiswe kumadokhumenti.
Uma kungenjalo, uzifaka engcupheni yokuthenga ingxenye engekho emthethweni noma eyebiwe futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ungagcina usendaweni yenhlawulo. Ezinjinini ze-Opel X20DTL, indawo ejwayelekile yokukhomba inombolo ingxenye engezansi yebhulokhi, kancane iye kwesokunxele bese isondela ku-gearbox. Kwezinye izimo, ngesembozo se-aluminium kanye neyunithi yensimbi ekhonjiwe, lolu lwazi lungase lubekwe kukhava yevalvu noma lapho luxhunywe khona engxenyeni eyinhloko yeyunithi.
