Injini ye-Opel X16XEL
Okuqukethwe
Izimoto ezinegama elithi X16XEL zazisetshenziswa kabanzi ezimotweni zakwa-Opel ngeminyaka yawo-90s futhi zafakwa kumamodeli we-Astra F, G, Vectra B, Zafira A. Injini yakhiqizwa ngezinguqulo ezi-2, ezihlukile ekwakhiweni komthamo wokudla. Naphezu kokwehluka kwama-node kumamodeli ahlukene, isistimu yokulawula i-powertrain yayifana kuwo wonke umuntu, enegama elithi "Multec-S".
Incazelo yenjini
Injini ebhalwe ukuthi X16XEL noma i-Z16XE iwumugqa wamayunithi omkhiqizo we-Opel oshintshwayo ongu-1,6 litres. Ukukhishwa kokuqala kwemboni yamandla kwaba ngo-1994, okwaba esikhundleni semodeli endala ye-C16XE. Enguqulweni entsha, i-cylinder block yahlala ifana nezinjini ze-X16SZR.
Uma kuqhathaniswa namayunithi e-single-shaft, imodeli echazwe yasebenzisa ikhanda elinama-valve angu-16 nama-camshaft angu-2. Isilinda ngasinye sasinamavalvu angu-4. Kusukela ngo-1999, umenzi uye waphothula inhliziyo yemoto, izinguquko eziyinhloko kwaba ukufinyezwa komthamo wokungena kanye noshintsho kumojula yokushisa.
Imodeli ye-X16XEL yayithandwa kakhulu futhi idingeka ngesikhathi sayo, kodwa amandla ayo awazange adalulwe ngokugcwele ngenxa yekhanda. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukukhathazeka kwenza injini egcwele ebhalwe ukuthi X16XE. Ihlanganisa ama-camshaft, amachweba akhulisiwe, kanye namamojula amaningi kanye namamojula okulawula.
Kusukela ngo-2000, iyunithi inqanyuliwe, ithathelwe indawo imodeli Z16XE, ehluke endaweni DPKV ngqo block, mpintsha waba electronic.
Ama-lambdas angu-2 afakwe ezimotweni, ezinye izici azizange zishintshe, ngakho ochwepheshe abaningi babheka amamodeli womabili ukuthi acishe afane.
Lonke uchungechunge izinjini has a ibhande drive, futhi ukushintshwa okuhleliwe isikhathi kufanele kwenziwe njalo ngemva 60000 km. Uma lokhu kungenziwanga, lapho ibhande liphuka, ama-valve aqala ukugoba nokuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kwe-motor noma ukushintshwa kwayo. Kube yiX16XEL eyaba yisisekelo sokwakhiwa kwezinye izinjini ezisuka ku-1,4 no-1,8 litres.
Технические характеристики
Izici eziyinhloko zobuchwepheshe ze-motor X16XEL zivezwa etafuleni:
| Igama Product | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| Umthamo wesikhungo samandla, cu. cm. | 1598 |
| Amandla, h. | 101 |
| Torque, Nm at rpm | 148/3500 |
| 150/3200 | |
| 150/3600 | |
| I-Fuel | Uphethiloli A92 kanye ne-A95 |
| Ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli, l/100 km. | 5,9-10,2 |
| Uhlobo lwemoto | Emgqeni wamasilinda ama-4 |
| Ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nemoto | Uhlobo lomjovo kaphethiloli osabalalisiwe |
| Ukuphuma kwe-CO2, g / km | 202 |
| Ububanzi besilinda | 79 |
| Ama-valve ngesilinda, ama-pcs. | 4 |
| I-Piston stroke, mm | 81.5 |
Umthombo ojwayelekile weyunithi enjalo ungamakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-250, kodwa ngokunakekelwa okufanele, abanikazi bayakwazi ukugibela okuningi. Ungathola inombolo yenjini ngenhla kancane kwe-dipstick yamafutha. Imile ime mpo lapho kuhlangana khona injini no-gearbox.
Ukuthembeka, ubuthakathaka, ukugcina
Njengamanye amamodeli enjini, i-X16XEL inezici eziningi, ukungalungi kanye namaphuzu ambalwa abuthakathaka. Izinkinga eziyinhloko:
- Izigxivizo zama-valve zivame ukundiza zisuke kumagayidi, kodwa lokhu kungasebenzi kusezinguqulweni zokuqala kuphela.
- Emithanjeni ethile, imoto iqala ukudla amafutha, kodwa ukulungiswa, iziteshi eziningi zincoma i-decarbonizing, enganiki umphumela omuhle. Lesi yisizathu esivamile salolu hlobo lwenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi, kodwa ayibonisi isidingo sokulungiswa okukhulu, umenzi ubeke izinga lokusebenzisa cishe i-600 ml nge-1000 km ngayinye.
- Ibhande lesikhathi lingabhekwa njengephuzu elibuthakathaka, kufanele liqashwe ngokucophelela futhi lishintshwe ngesikhathi esifanele, ngaphandle kwalokho ama-valve azogoba lapho ephuka, futhi umnikazi uzobhekana nokulungiswa okubizayo.
- Ngokuvamile kuba nenkinga ngokungazinzi kokuguquguquka noma ukulahlekelwa kokudonsa; ukuxazulula inkinga, kuyadingeka ukuhlanza ama-valve e-USR.
- Izigxivizo ezingaphansi kwemibhobho zivame ukoma.
Ngaphandle kwalokho, azisekho izinkinga nobuthakathaka. Imodeli ye-ICE ingabangelwa isilinganiso, futhi uma ugcwalisa uwoyela wekhwalithi ephezulu futhi uhlale uqapha iyunithi ngokulungiswa okuhleliwe, impilo yesevisi izoba yinde izikhathi eziningi kunalokho okushiwo umenzi.
Mayelana nesondlo, kunconywa ukuthi kwenziwe ukuxilonga njalo ngebanga elingu-15000 km, kodwa ifektri yeluleka ukuthi iqaphe isimo futhi yenze umsebenzi ohleliwe ngemva kokugijima kuka-10000 km. Ikhadi lesevisi eliyinhloko:
- Ukushintsha uwoyela nesihlungi kwenziwa ngemva kokugijima u-1500 km. Lo mthetho kufanele usetshenziswe ngemva kokulungiswa okukhulu, ngoba injini entsha evuthayo yangaphakathi ngeke isatholakala. Inqubo isiza ukujwayela izingxenye ezintsha.
- I-MOT yesibili yenziwa ngemuva kuka-10000 XNUMX km, nokushintshwa kukawoyela okwesibili nazo zonke izihlungi. Umfutho wenjini yomlilo wangaphakathi uhlolwa ngokushesha, ama-valve ayalungiswa.
- Inkonzo elandelayo izoba ku-20000 XNUMX km. Amafutha nesihlungi kuyashintshwa njengokujwayelekile, ukusebenza kwazo zonke izinhlelo zenjini kuyahlolwa.
- Ku-30000 km, ukulungiswa kuqukethe kuphela ukushintsha uwoyela nezihlungi.
Iyunithi ye-X16XEL ithembekile kakhulu ngesisetshenziswa eside, kodwa kulokhu umnikazi kufanele aqinisekise ukunakekelwa nokugcinwa okufanele.
Uhlu lwezimoto lapho le njini ifakwe khona
Amamotho e-X16XEL afakwe ku-Opel yamamodeli ahlukahlukene. Eziyinhloko yilezi:
- Astra G 2nd isizukulwane kuze 2004 hatchback.
- Isizukulwane sesibili se-Astra G kuze kube ngu-2 i-sedan kanye nenqola yesiteshi.
- Isizukulwane se-Astra F 1 ngemuva kokulungiswa kabusha kusuka ku-1994 kuya ku-1998 kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lomzimba.
- I-Vectra V 2 izizukulwane ngemuva kokulungiswa kabusha kusuka ku-1999 kuya ku-2002 nganoma yiluphi uhlobo lomzimba.
- I-Vectra B kusukela ngo-1995-1998 i-sedan ne-hatchback.
- Zafira A nge 1999-2000
Ukuze usebenze injini yomlilo yangaphakathi, udinga ukwazi imingcele eyisisekelo yokushintsha uwoyela:
- Umthamo kawoyela ongena enjini ungama-3,25 amalitha.
- Ukuze kushintshwe, kufanele kusetshenziswe uhlobo lwe-ACEA A3/B3/GM-LL-A-025.
Okwamanje, abanikazi basebenzisa uwoyela wokwenziwa noma we-semi-synthetic.
Amathuba wokushuna
Ngokuqondene nokushuna, kulula futhi kushibhile ukukufaka:
- Ukungena okubandayo.
- I-4-1 exhaust manifold ene-catalytic converter isusiwe.
- Faka esikhundleni se-exhaust evamile nge-straight-through.
- Yenza i-firmware yeyunithi yokulawula.
Izengezo ezinjalo zisiza ukukhulisa amandla acishe abe ngu-15 hp. Lokhu kwanele ukukhulisa amandla, kanye nokushintsha umsindo wenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi. Ngesifiso esinamandla sokwenza imoto esheshayo, kunconywa ukuthenga i-Dbilas 262 camshaft enamandla, i-lift engu-10 mm bese ushintsha umthamo wokungenisa womkhiqizi ofanayo, kanye nokulungisa iyunithi yokulawula izingxenye ezintsha.
Ungakwazi futhi ukwethula i-turbine, kodwa le nqubo ibiza kakhulu futhi kulula kakhulu ukushintshanisa injini engu-2 litre nge-turbine noma ukubuyisela ngokuphelele imoto ngenjini oyifunayo.
Amathuba wokushintsha injini ngenye (SWAP)
Imvamisa, ukushintshwa kweyunithi yamandla ye-X16XEL nenye akuvamile ukwenziwa, kodwa abanye abanikazi bafaka i-X20XEV noma i-C20XE. Ukuze kube lula ukushintshwa kwenqubo, kungcono ukuthenga imoto eqediwe futhi ungasebenzisi nje injini evuthayo yangaphakathi, kodwa futhi i-gearbox nezinye izingxenye. Lokhu kwenza izintambo zibe lula.
Ukuze i-SWAPO isebenzisa i-C20XE motor njengesibonelo, uzodinga:
- I-DVS ngokwayo. kungcono ukusebenzisa umnikeli lapho kuzosuswa khona ama-node adingekayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu kuzokwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuqonda ukuthi iyunithi ngokwayo isebenza ngisho nangaphambi kokuqala kwe-disassembly. Uma uthenga injini yomlilo yangaphakathi ngokuhlukana, udinga ukucabangela ukuthi kufanele uthathe i-cooler kawoyela ngokushesha kuyo.
- I-Crankshaft pulley yebhande elinezimbambo ezingu-V lamayunithi engeziwe. Imodeli yemoto ngaphambi kokulungiswa kabusha ine-pulley ye-V-belt.
- Iyunithi yokulawula kanye nezintambo zezinjini zezinjini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi. Uma kukhona onikelayo, kunconywa ukuthi uyisuse ngokuphelele kumatheminali kuya ebuchosheni. Izintambo eziya kujeneretha nesiqalisi zingashiywa emotweni endala.
- Isekela izinjini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi nama-gearbox. Uma usebenzisa ibhokisi lokushintsha imodeli ye-f20, kuyadingeka ukuthi usebenzise izisekelo ezi-2 zokuhambisa ngesandla ezisuka ku-Vectra ngevolumu engamalitha ama-2, ngaphambili nangemuva kusetshenziswa. Iyunithi ngokwayo ibekwe ezingxenyeni ezisekelayo ezivela ohlotsheni lwe-X20XEV noma i-X18XE ngaphandle kwesimo somoya. Uma ufuna ukufaka i-air conditioner, kubalulekile ukwengeza imoto nge-compressor futhi ushintshe ama-bearings kuwo, kodwa izisekelo zesistimu zengeza ubunzima obuningi.
- Izinanyathiselwa zingashiywa zindala, lokhu kufaka ijeneretha nesiteringi samandla. Okudingekayo nje ukufaka izinsimbi ngaphansi kwe-X20XEV noma i-X18XE.
- Amapayipi azoxhuma ithangi lokupholisa kanye nokuningi.
- Imithungo yangaphakathi. Kuzodingeka ukuthi baxhumanise i-manual transmission enamahabhu angu-4-bolt.
- Izakhi ze-gearbox ngesimo se-pedal, indiza enophephela emhlane nezinye izinto, uma imoto yayinokudluliselwa okuzenzakalelayo ngaphambili.
Ukuze wenze lo msebenzi, udinga ithuluzi, okokugcoba namafutha, okupholisayo. Uma kunolwazi oluncane nolwazi, kunconywa ukuthi uphathise lolu daba kubachwepheshe, ikakhulukazi nge-wiring, ngoba ishintsha ngisho nasendlini.
Ukuthengwa kwenjini yenkontileka
Amamotho enkontileka ayindlela enhle yokulungisa kabusha, okuvele kushibhe kancane. Izinjini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi ngokwazo kanye nezinye izingxenye zazisetshenziswa, kodwa ngaphandle kweRussia namazwe e-CIS. Ukuthola inketho enhle engadingi ukulungiswa okwengeziwe ngemuva kokufakwa akulula ngaso sonke isikhathi futhi kuyashesha. Ngokuvamile, abathengisi banikeza izinjini ezisebenzayo neziqinisekisiwe, futhi intengo izoba ngama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingu-30-40. Yiqiniso, kunezinketho ezishibhile futhi ezibiza kakhulu.
Lapho uthenga, inkokhelo yenziwa ngokheshi noma ngokudluliselwa ebhange. Abathengisi abaningi endaweni yokuhlola kanye nenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi banikeza ithuba lokuhlola, ngoba ama-node anjalo okunzima ukuwahlola ngaphandle kokukhweza emotweni. Imvamisa isikhathi sokuhlola ongabheka ngaso ukusebenza singamaviki ama-2 kusukela ngosuku owathola ngalo imoto kumthwali.
Ukubuyisela kungenzeka kuphela uma ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kukhona iziphambeko ezisobala ezenza kube nzima ukusebenzisa ezokuthutha futhi kunamaphepha asekelayo avela esiteshini sesevisi kulokhu. Ukubuyiselwa imali yemoto ephukile kungenzeka kuphela uma umthengisi engenakho ukufaka esikhundleni sezimpahla futhi ngemva kokuyithola enkonzweni yokulethwa. Ukwenqatshwa kwezimpahla ngenxa yokukhubazeka okuncane ngendlela yokuklwebheka, amazinyo amancane akusona isizathu sokubuyisela. Akuthinti ukusebenza.
Ukwenqaba ukushintshanisa noma ukubuyisela kuvela ezimeni ezimbalwa:
- Umthengi akayifaki injini ngesikhathi sokuhlola.
- Izigxivizo zomthengisi noma izimpawu zewaranti ziphukile.
- Abukho ubufakazi bedokhumentari bokuhlukaniswa kwesiteshi sesevisi.
- Ukukhubazeka okuqinile, amasekhethi amafushane kanye nezinye iziphambeko kwavela emotweni.
- Umbiko wenziwe ngokungalungile noma awutholakali nhlobo ngesikhathi sokuthunyelwa kwenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi.
Uma abanikazi benquma ukufaka esikhundleni se-motor ngenkontileka eyodwa, kuyadingeka ngokushesha ukulungisa izinto ezengeziwe ezengeziwe:
- Amafutha - 4l.
- Ukupholisa okusha 7 l.
- Wonke ama-gaskets angenzeka, kufaka phakathi isistimu yokukhipha umoya nezinye.
- Hlunga.
- I-Power Steering Fluid.
- Ama-Fasteners.
Ngokuvamile, izinjini zenkontileka ezivela ezinkampanini ezifakazelwe zifakwe iphakheji eyengeziwe yamadokhumenti futhi zinesimemezelo samasiko, okubonisa ukungeniswa kwezinjini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi ezivela kwamanye amazwe.
Lapho ukhetha, kunconywa ukuthi ubheke abahlinzeki abanamathisela ividiyo ekusebenzeni kwenjini.
Impendulo evela kubanikazi bezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-Opel okwafakwa kuzo i-X16XEL ivame ukuba yinhle. Abashayeli bezimoto baphawula ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli okuphansi, okwafezwa eminyakeni engaphezu kuka-15 edlule. Edolobheni, isilinganiso sokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli singama-8-9 l / 100 km, emgwaqeni omkhulu ungathola amalitha angama-5,5-6. Nakuba amandla amancane kodwa imoto inamandla kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ingaphakathi elingalayishiwe kanye ne-trunk.
Ekunakekeleni, i-motor ayiyona into edabukisayo, into esemqoka ukuqapha isikhathi nezinye izingxenye ngesikhathi esifanele. Imvamisa ungahlangana ne-X16XEL ku-Vectra ne-Astra. Kusezinmotweni ezinjalo abashayeli bamatekisi abathanda ukugibela futhi izinjini zabo ezivuthayo zangaphakathi zidlula ngaphezu kwe-500 km. ngaphandle kokulungiswa okukodwa okukhulu. Yiqiniso, ngaphansi kwezimo ezinzima zokusebenza, ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha nezinye izinkinga ziqala. Izibuyekezo ezingezinhle ezihlobene injini cishe akakaze avele, kaningi kunalokho, Opel ngalezo zikhathi wayenenkinga ukumelana ukugqwala, ngakho abashayeli bakhononda kabanzi mayelana ukubola nokugqwala.
I-X16XEL iyinjini elungele ukushayela edolobheni nabantu abangafuni ukugijima emgwaqeni. Izici eziyinhloko zenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi zanele ngokwanele ukuthi zikhululekile ukuhambahamba, futhi kukhona indawo yokugcina amandla ethrekhi esiza ukudlula.
