Injini ye-Opel A20NHT
Okuqukethwe
Izimoto ezikhiqizwe yi-Opel yezimoto azidumile nje kuphela kubantu bakithi, kodwa naphakathi kwabahlali bamazwe aseYurophu. Isabelomali esihlobene, ikhwalithi enhle yokwakha yemoto, ukusebenza kanye nemishini yobuchwepheshe kuyizizathu ezimbalwa zokuthi kungani kukhethwe izimoto zakwa-Opel. Phakathi kwezimoto zezimoto ezihlinzekwa yilo kukhathazeka, i-Opel Insignia isizibonakalisile.
Imoto ingeyesigaba “phakathi” futhi yashintsha i-Opel Vectra ngo-2008. Le moto yaduma kangangokuthi eminyakeni embalwa edlule kwethulwa isizukulwane sesibili.
Le modeli yemoto ibifakwe izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinjini eminyakeni ehlukene. Kusukela ekukhululweni kwale modeli kuze kube ngu-2013, i-Opel Insignia ifakwe injini yemodeli ye-A20NHT. Lena iyunithi enamalitha amabili efakwe ezinguqulweni ezibizayo zemoto.
Injini ikwazile ukuzisungula ngenxa yezici eziningi zobuchwepheshe nezici. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kusukela ngo-2013, umenzi wanquma ukufaka imodeli A20NFT izinjini ezimotweni ekhiqizwa. Inani lokushiyeka lisusiwe.
Izici zobuchwepheshe zenjini ye-A20NHT zimi kanje:
| Umshini wenjini | 1998 cc cm |
|---|---|
| Amandla aphezulu | I-220-249 HP |
| I-torque enkulu | 350 (36) / 4000 N*m (kg*m) ngo-rpm |
| 400 (41) / 2500 N*m (kg*m) ngo-rpm | |
| 400 (41) / 3600 N*m (kg*m) ngo-rpm | |
| Amafutha asetshenziselwa umsebenzi | I-AI-95 |
| Ukusetshenziswa komoya | 9-10 l / 100 km |
| uhlobo lwenjini | 4-isilinda, emgqeni |
| Ukukhishwa kwe-CO2 | 194g/km |
| Inani lama-valves kwisilinda ngasinye | 4 |
| Amandla aphezulu | 220 (162) / 5300 hp (kW) nge-rpm |
| 249 (183) / 5300 hp (kW) nge-rpm | |
| 249 (183) / 5500 hp (kW) nge-rpm | |
| Isilinganiso sokucindezela | 9.5 |
| Ishaja enkulu | I-Turbine |
Ukuze uthole inombolo kamazisi yenjini, udinga ukuthola isitikha enjinini esinolwazi olufanele.
Abaningi abebesebenzisa uhlobo lwe-Insignia okufakwe kuyo le njini bebebhekene nenkinga yokuthi ibinokuphila okuphansi kwepompo likaphethiloli. Iketango lesikhathi nalo alikwazi ukubizwa liphelele. Ngenxa yalokho, abashayeli babhekene nokugcwala ngokweqile kweqembu le-piston. Ngenxa yokuthi injini yalesi modeli "izwela" kuphethiloli, kungase kuphakame izinkinga ezithile ngesikhathi sokusebenza.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, enjinini enama-valve amane, i-timing drive yenziwa ngeketanga, impilo yesevisi efinyelela kumakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezingu-200. Ukwandisa impilo yesevisi, umenzi usebenzisa izinxephezelo ze-hydraulic.
Izinzuzo kanye nokubi kwezinjini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi
Le modeli yenjini ivumela ukusebenza okuhle okuguquguqukayo. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, iyunithi yamandla idla inani elikhulu likaphethiloli. Idrayivu yesikhathi iqhutshwa ngeketango. Ama-shafts asebenzisa amagiya esikhathi, angenakubizwa ngokuthi aqinile ekusebenzeni. Izindleko zabo zibiza kakhulu kunezifana ezifakwe enjinini engu-1,8.
Enye yezinkinga zezinjini ezikhiqizwa eminyakeni yokuqala futhi kwakuwukubhujiswa kwama-partitions phakathi kwamasongo ku-piston.
Ngeshwa, abashayeli babheka le njini njenge "capricious". Ukwehluleka kokudonsa kwenzeke ngisho nangesikhathi sokugqekeza. Njengomthetho, ngemuva kokwenza "ukuqalisa kabusha" okuvamile, okungukuthi, ukucisha injini bese uyiqala futhi, le nkinga yanyamalala isikhathi esithile. Nokho, ngokushesha noma kamuva kuholela isidingo esikhundleni turbocharger.
Abashayeli abaningi abayinaki le nkinga. Ngenxa yalokho, injini idinga ukulungiswa okukhulu noma ukushintshwa. Isibani esiyisixwayiso esibonisa inkinga enjinini sifika sekwephuzile, lapho kudingeka umsebenzi onzima wokulungisa. Ngendlela, lapho ukuwohloka okunjalo kwenzeka ngesikhathi sewaranti yemoto, abathengisi bathi isizathu kwakuwukusetshenziswa kwephethiloli yekhwalithi ephansi, kanye nokwehluleka komshayeli ukunaka ukulawulwa kwamafutha.
Ukwenza ukulungisa injini
Ukwenza ukulungiswa okukhulu kwenjini yale modeli kuhlanganisa uhlobo olulandelayo lomsebenzi:
- Ukufuthelana ngaphakathi enjinini, ukuhlanza nokugaya ama-valve, ukufaka ama-piston esikhundleni sama-piston amasha.
- Ukushintsha uwoyela, ama-spark plugs, i-coolant. Ukuhlanza isistimu yesibaseli.
- Ukuhlanza nokufakwa kwekhithi yokulungisa kuma-injection.
Ukulungiswa kwe-chip injini
Ukushuna kwe-chip yenjini kuyasekelwa. Ukuxhumana nesiteshi sesevisi esikhethekile kukuvumela ukuthi u-ode umsebenzi ozokuvumela ukuthi:
- Khulisa amandla enjini kanye netorque.
- Thuthukisa uhlelo lokuthatha kanye ne-exhaust, luqinise, futhi wenze zonke izingxenye zemoto zibe zesimanjemanje.
- Yenza ukushuna injini.
- Lungiselela futhi ulungiselele i-firmware.
Ukuthengwa kwenjini yenkontileka
Uma isimo sokusebenza nokulungiswa kwemoto singanakwa, khona-ke ngezinga eliphezulu lokungenzeka ukuguqulwa okukhulu kuyoba okungaphezu kokuthenga injini entsha. Ngokuvamile, azikho izinkinga ekutholeni injini. Intengo yenjini entsha yenkontileka icishe ibe ngamadola angama-3500-4000 aseMelika.
Kungenzeka futhi ukuthola imoto yokunikela futhi uthenge imoto ngenani eliphansi kakhulu.
Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi indaba yokushintsha injini yemoto iwuhlobo oluyinkimbinkimbi lomsebenzi okufanele lunikezwe kuphela ochwepheshe abaqeqeshiwe. Iqiniso liwukuthi ukuthenga injini entsha noma esetshenzisiwe esebenza ngokugcwele futhi elungele ukusetshenziswa okwengeziwe, ngokuvamile, akuyona intokozo eshibhe kakhulu. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, uma injini ifakwe ngokungalungile, ukusebenza okwengeziwe kwemoto kuzoba yinkinga noma ngokuvamile kungenzeki.
Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, kunconywa ukuthi uxhumane nalezo zinsizakalo ezikhethekile ezimotweni ze-Opel. Ngaphambilini, abasebenzi basesiteshini sesevisi bazokwazi ukweluleka iklayenti, okuhlanganisa nendaba yokuthenga injini.
