Injini ye-Nissan TD27

Namuhla, iNissan ihamba phambili ngokudayisa izinjini ezisezingeni eliphezulu nezithembekile uma ziqhathaniswa nezabafundi ofunda nabo, okuhlanganisa nalezo ezisebenzisa udizili.

Ukuthandwa okunjalo akuqinisekiswanga kuphela ukubuyekezwa kwamakhasimende, kodwa futhi nezeluleko ezivamile ezivela kubadwebi ukuya kochwepheshe abaqeqeshwe kakhulu ekufakeni lezi zinjini kuma-gazelles nama-SUV aseRussia esikhundleni sasekhaya.

Ukuthi kufanelekile ukuthenga idatha ye-ICE yemoto yakho nokuthi ithembekile kangakanani kuzoxoxwa ngayo kulesi sihloko.

Umlando omncane

I-TD27 motor yakhululwa okokuqala ngo-1986. Iyunithi yamandla ebuyekeziwe yayiyinjini enamasilinda amane, ngaleso sikhathi eyayinokusebenza okuqinile kunozakwabo. Le modeli yayifakwe i-turbocharger, eyayibeka kubha ephakeme kunodizili oqhudelanayo: imodeli yethu yehlise umsindo nokudlidliza, futhi ukusebenza kwemvelo kuye kwaba i-oda lobukhulu obuphakeme. Noma yimuphi umnikazi wemoto wangaleso sikhathi wayazi - uma udinga injini enamandla, engenasizotha, engalungiswa ngisho "edolweni lakho" - udinga ukukhetha imoto nge-TD27.

Imoto yokuqala eyathola inhliziyo entsha kadizili kwakuyiveni yesizukulwane sesine iNissan Caravan. Futhi, lezi zimoto ifakwe uphethiloli ovuthayo izinjini zangaphakathi - kulokhu, ukukhetha kwashiywa abashayeli: overpay kancane injini diesel noma ukhethe iyunithi uphethiloli enamandla kancane ne iphango ezinhle, intengo okuyinto kuyoba 4-20% eshibhile.

Isifundo sethu sokuhlola senza umncintiswano oqinile kwabanye abantu - amaveni angaleso sikhathi ayehlome nge-TD27 ayesebenza kahle kakhulu, engenasizotha eqophelweni likaphethiloli osetshenziswayo kunezinjini zikaphethiloli. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi imodeli entsha diesel kwaba ilungele izimoto, eklanyelwe ukuthutha imithwalo emincane, ngokuvamile emigwaqweni izinga ezingabazisayo.

Inguqulo entsha ye-motor yayine-torque ephezulu kuma-revs aphansi, okwenza kube lula ukusebenzisa amandla ngokuphumelelayo kunozakwabo abancintisanayo. Kusukela ngo-1992, nge-biography esungulwe kahle, i-TD27 yethulwa ekukhiqizeni i-Nissan Homy, futhi kamuva i-Nissan Terrano nezinye izimoto eziningi. Iqembu elikhethekile lakhiwe izimoto ze-4wd Continental (ama-SUV adonsa ngamasondo onke), lapho le yunithi ifakwe ezizimele.

Технические характеристики

Ngenxa yokukhwabanisa okuvamile kwabathengisi abangathembekile, abashayeli abaningi baqala ukujwayelana nemoto ngokubheka ipuleti lapho kuboniswa khona uchungechunge nenombolo yenjini - lokhu kulungile, ikakhulukazi uma kuziwa ekuthengeni imoto yenkontileka. Ngeke kube nzima ukuyithola enjinini yethu - njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni, itholakala ku-cylinder block yezindlu ngakwesobunxele, eduze ne-turbine ne-generator.

Manje ake sihlaziye ukuqoshwa kwegama lemodeli yethu i-TD27, lapho umlingisi ngamunye ebonisa imingcele yokuklama yeyunithi yamandla:

• uhlamvu lokuqala "T" libonisa uchungechunge motor;
• uhlamvu olulandelayo "D" lubonisa ukuthi lena injini ye-diesel;
• ukuhlukanisa inombolo yokugcina ngo-10 sithola umthamo wokusebenza wegumbi elivuthayo - ekuhloleni kwethu yi-cubic metres engu-2,7. cm.

izici ze	nemingcele
Ukufuduka kwenjini, ama-cubic cm	2663
Amandla amakhulu, hp	99 - 100
I-torque enkulu, i-N * m (kg * m) ku-rpm.	216 (22)/2200 230 (23)/220 231 (24)/2200
Amafutha asetshenzisiwe	Uphethiloli kadizili
Ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha, l / 100 km	5.8 - 6.8
uhlobo lwenjini	4-cylinder, valve phezulu
Ububanzi besilinda, mm	96
Inani lama-valves kwisilinda ngasinye	2
Piston unhlangothi, mm	92
Amandla amakhulu, hp (kW) ngo-rpm	99 (73)/4000 100 (74)/4000
Indlela yokuguqula ivolumu yamasilinda	akukho
Ishaja enkulu	I-Turbine
Isilinganiso sokucindezela	21.9 - 22

Ulwazi jikelele

Injini ye-TD27 iyinjini engu-8-valve, eyi-four-cylinder diesel, enamandla amakhulu angu-100 amahhashi. Isamba sevolumu yokusebenza yawo wonke amasilinda ngu-2663 cm³. Lezi zamuva zihlelwe ngomugqa owodwa, futhi ama-piston kuwo azungeza i-crankshaft, etholakala engxenyeni engezansi yeyunithi kuma-bearings amahlanu asekelayo. Ngemuva kukhona i-flywheel esebenza ukudlulisa i-torque ku-clutch disc ka-gearbox. Isilinganiso esiphezulu sokucindezelwa singama-22, ububanzi bepiston bungama-96 mm, ukushaywa yi-92 mm. I-motor ine-torque engu-231 N * m ngesivinini esiphansi - 2200 ngomzuzu owodwa. Injini idizili, ngakho-ke alukho uhlelo lokuthungela, ukuthungela kwengxube evuthayo kwenzeka ngenxa yokucindezela okwenzeka ekamelweni elivuthayo. Uphethiloli we-diesel usetshenziswa njengophethiloli, ukusetshenziswa kwawo kuyahlukahluka kusuka ku-1 kuya ku-5,8 amalitha ngebanga lika-6,8 km.

Uhlelo Lwamafutha

Izici zesistimu ye-diesel fuel ukuthi ukuxuba uphethiloli nomoya kwenzeka ekamelweni lokushisa. Kulesi simo, umoya ungena kuqala, futhi lapho i-piston isondela esikhungweni esiphezulu esifile, lapho izinga lokushisa ekamelweni likhuphuka, uphethiloli ujovwa. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukwakheka okungcono kwengxube ye-air-fuel kanye nokuvutha kwayo.

Isistimu yesibaseli iqukethe amaphampu kaphethiloli aphezulu naphansi, izihlungi ezimahhadla nezicolekileyo, nama-injector. Kusuka ethangini, iphampu ye-low-pressure futha uphethiloli we-diesel futhi iwuphakele esihlungini esimahhadla, ngemva kwalokho ihlanzwe ekungcoleni okukhulu. Phambi kwephampu yomjovo kukhona isihlungi esihle. Ipompo yokucindezela okuphezulu iletha uphethiloli ngokusebenzisa ama-atomizer ama-injection, ayifafaza ngokucindezela kwe-atmospheres ye-1000-1200, okuqinisekisa ukuvutha okungcono nokusebenza kahle okukhulu. Naphezu kokuba khona kwezihlungi, ama-atomizer emibhobho anconywa ukuthi ahlanzwe ngezikhathi ezithile.

Ingxenye yesibili ohlelweni lwamandla ukuhlinzekwa komoya ngaphansi kwesenzo se-turbine ekamelweni elikhethekile le-vortex, ngokungena okulandelayo ekamelweni elivuthayo. Iqhinga lombono ukuthi umoya uyazulazula ngesikhathi esifanayo, futhi ngesikhathi sokujova uphethiloli, kungcono uxutshwe nawo.

Lubrication kanye nesistimu yokupholisa

Zombili lezi zinhlelo azinawo umehluko okhethekile kowandulelayo. Ukunikezwa kukawoyela kunikezwa yiphampu etholakala ku-sump injini. Ukucindezela okudalwe yikho kuyadingeka ukugcoba zonke izakhi zokuxubha ze-motor. Ukuhlanza kunikezwa ngesihlungi samafutha.

Isistimu yokupholisa iwuhlobo oluvaliwe, ukugeleza koketshezi kunikezwa i-thermostat nepompo. Ngokusho kwepasipoti, i-antifreeze inconywa ukuthululelwa ohlelweni.

Ezinye izici zedizayini ze-TD27

Into yokuqala edonsa amehlo akho ubukhulu obuqinile obukhona kuzo zonke izinjini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi zikadizili. Isisindo seyunithi singama-250 kg. Ngokwezindinganiso zanamuhla, kunomsindo omkhulu ngesikhathi sokusebenza, kodwa ngaleso sikhathi injini yomlilo yangaphakathi yayithule kakhulu kunangaphambili. Umehluko omkhulu wokuklama uhlanganisa lokhu okulandelayo:

1. I-impeller ye-fan yokupholisa iqhutshwa ibhande - ngokungafani nezinguqulo zanamuhla, ezinomshini kagesi.
2. Ngokuklama, i-TD27 ingamagumbi e-vortex - umoya uxubene nophethiloli emakamelweni akhethekile anokuphazamiseka komoya. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ingxube yekhwalithi engcono kakhulu yamafutha omoya.
3. Injini evuthayo yangaphakathi ayinalo iketango noma ibhande lesikhathi - amagiya asetshenziswa njengokushayela.
4. I-camshaft iphansi kunezinjini ezijwayelekile. Iphampu kaphethiloli enengcindezi ephezulu inegiya lokushayela, kodwa ngemuva kokulungiswa kabusha kwezimoto eziningi zafakwa idrayivu yephampu ye-elekthronikhi.
5. Ukusebenzisa imodi ye-turbo kunikeza amandla enjini engeziwe ngokusetshenziswa kancane kukaphethiloli.
6. Isistimu yokukhishwa kabusha kwegesi yokukhipha igesi iqinisekisa ukushiswa okuphelele kukaphethiloli we-diesel, futhi isihlungi sezinhlayiya sinciphisa ukukhishwa okunobuthi endaweni ezungezile.

Ukuthembeka kwezimoto

Zonke TD27 uchungechunge izinjini onokwethenjelwa futhi alula, isisetshenziswa eside kakhulu kunalabo ekilasini. Ngokusho kokubuyekezwa kwabanikazi bezimoto, isilinganiso se-mileage ngaphambi kokulungiswa singaba yizinkulungwane ezingama-350-400 km. Okuhlanganisa ngokungangabazeki ekuthembekeni ukuba khona kwegiya lesikhathi - eqeda ukulimala kwamavalvu nekhanda lesilinda lapho iketango noma ibhande ligqashuka kofunda nabo. Ukwandisa impilo yenjini, oomakhenikha bezimoto batusa kakhulu ukunakekelwa okufika ngesikhathi, ukushintsha uwoyela njalo ngamakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezingu-5-8, njengoba kubhaliwe encwadini. Ngokulungiswa okunjalo, isidingo sokulungiswa okukhulu ngeke sivele maduzane.

Izinjini zikadizili zinokwethenjelwa impela, kodwa kunezinkinga zakudala ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwazo. Okuvame kakhulu "izilonda" TD27:

1. Injini ayiqali - lapho kubanda kunezinkinga ngokuqala kubanda, kodwa uma injini yomlilo yangaphakathi ingakwazi ukuqaliswa nhlobo, kuyadingeka ukuhlola ama-plugs akhanyayo, ngokuvamile isizathu sikhona kuwo. Uma ukuchofoza kuzwakala ngesikhathi sokusebenza kokuqala, hlola i-bendx, ingase iguge.
2. Iyunithi iyazamazama ngesikhathi sokusebenza - izinjini zikadizili zinokudlidliza okuningi kunozakwabo kaphethiloli. Kulokhu, kuyadingeka ukuhlola izinsimbi zenjini - zingadinga ukushintshwa.
3. I-motor troit emakhazeni futhi ayitholi umfutho - kuhle ukuya esiteshini sesevisi futhi uhlole uhlelo lukaphethiloli ezimweni ezisebenzayo: ukuqina kwayo, kanye nama-nozzles, izihlungi, amaphampu womjovo namapulaki akhanyayo. Akunakwenzeka ukukhipha ukwehla kokucindezela nge-mileage ephezulu ngenxa yokugqoka kweqembu le-cylinder-piston, kanye nokucaciswa kwama-valve amancane - kungase kudingeke ukuthi kulungiswe.
4. Ukushisa ngokweqile - izimbangela ezivame kakhulu ukulimala kwe-cylinder head gasket, ukwehluleka kwe-thermostat noma ipompo.
5. Kufanele futhi uqaphele kakhulu nge-vacuum - ngokuvamile ihluleka, okuthinta ukusebenza kwesistimu ye-brake.

Ukulondolozeka

Naphezu kwazo zonke izinkinga ezingenhla, izinjini ze-TD27 zibhekwa njengezilula futhi zithembekile ekunakekeleni, mancane kakhulu amathuba okuthi zisetshenzwe kabusha futhi zicushwe. Isimiso sokuklama esilula futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo siqinisekisa ikhono lokuzisebenzela ezimweni zegaraji. Ukuba khona kwemikhono ku-block kusiza kakhulu inqubo yokuvuselela. Ama-motor aguquguqukayo - alingana kahle ne-manual transmission kanye no-othomathikhi, avame ukufakwa ku-UAZ noma i-gazelle esikhundleni senjini evamile yangaphakathi evuthayo.

I-Nissan Atlas TD27 ICE Testing

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ubukhulu benjini ye-diesel abuvumeli ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuthi ufinyelele ngokushesha kwezinye izingxenye nemihlangano, ikakhulukazi ezingxenyeni ezingemuva nangaphansi noma ezindaweni ezimbozwe i-turbine nezingxenye zayo. Uma kwenzeka udinga ukususa yonke injini ukuze uyishintshe noma uyilungise kabusha, awukwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kwezinto zokusebenza zeshabhu elikhethekile.

Naphezu kwamaphuzu amabi asohlwini, iqiniso lokuthi ukukhohlisa okuyinkimbinkimbi okunjalo kuyadingeka kancane kancane liyakhuthaza, futhi izingxenye ezisele zilula kakhulu uku-oda kunoma yisiphi isitolo sezimoto esikhethekile.

Kuyoba okulungile ukukhomba izici ezinhle nezingezinhle zemodeli ye-TD27.

Izinkinga ezivame kakhulu ezibhekene nabanikazi bezinjini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi zedizili:

• ukugcinwa okubiza kakhulu - intengo yezingxenye ezisele iphakeme ngo-15-30% kunezinjini zikaphethiloli;
• impilo yesevisi emfushane kakhulu yephampu kaphethiloli enengcindezi ephezulu kanye ne-turbine, elandelwa ukugcinwa okumba eqolo;
• Akuzona zonke izingcweti ezilungisa izinjini zikadizili, ngakho-ke sincoma ukuthi uphathe imanuwali, echaza ngamasu amakhulu enjini evuthayo yangaphakathi.

Okugqamile kwesevisi yilezi:

• insiza yenjini ye-diesel iphakeme kancane kuneyenjini kaphethiloli;
• alukho uhlelo lokuthungela, ngakho-ke asikho isidingo sokusevisa nokuyilungisa.

Hlobo luni lwamafutha lokuthela

Imakethe kawoyela yesimanje inikeza izinhlobonhlobo zemikhiqizo - kusukela kumikhiqizo eshibhile kuya kumikhiqizo eyaziwayo. Naphezu kwezindleko eziphansi zamanye amafutha, umenzi uncoma ngokuqinile ukusebenzisa amabhrendi akhethekile kuphela ashiwo emiyalweni yokusebenza futhi afanele uhlobo lwenjini yakho. Ngokusho kwemanuwali, izinhlobo ezilandelayo zilungele i-TD27:

• ihlobo: 10w30-15w40;
• ubusika: 0w20-5w

Kufanele wenze ukukhetha ovuna abahlinzeki abathembekile - kulokhu, ingozi yokungena embumbulu incane. Naphezu kwe-viscosity ehlukene, amafutha afaneleka ngokufanele embusweni wokushisa wenjini yangaphakathi yomlilo, kuye ngokuthi izimo zezulu futhi ayilahlekelwa izakhiwo zayo - inani elanele lefilimu yamafutha likhiqizwa ukuvimbela ukuguga kwezingxenye. Ochwepheshe batusa ukuyishintsha njalo ngamakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezingu-5-8.

Uhlu lwezimoto zakwaNissan okufakwe kuzo le njini

• Ikharavani;

• I-Datsun;
• ikhaya;
• Terrano;
• Atlas