Injini esebenzisa uphethiloli - ulwazi. Ukubiza Idimoni Leminyaka Eyi-150 Eyedlule
Ingabe ulwazi lungaba umthombo wamandla? Abacwaningi baseSimon Fraser University eCanada benze injini eshesha kakhulu abathi "isebenza ngolwazi." Ngokombono wabo, lokhu kuyintuthuko ekufuneni izinhlobo ezintsha zikaphethiloli.
Imiphumela yocwaningo ngalesi sihloko ishicilelwe ku- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS). Kulesi sihloko, sizofunda ukuthi kanjani ososayensi baye baguqula ukunyakaza kwama-molecule abe amandla agciniwebese isetshenziswa ukulawula idivayisi.
Umbono wohlelo olunjalo, okubonakala sengathi uphambana nemithetho ye-physics ekuqaleni, wahlongozwa okokuqala ngusosayensi waseScotland ngo-1867. Ukuhlolwa kwengqondo okwaziwa ngokuthi "idemoni lika-Maxwell" kuwumshini wokuqagela abanye abacabanga ukuthi ungavumela into efana nomshini onyakazayo ongapheli, noma ngamanye amazwi, ubonise ukuthi yini engaphuka. umthetho wesibili we-thermodynamics khuluma ngokwanda kwe-entropy emvelweni.
ezolawula ukuvulwa nokuvalwa komnyango omncane phakathi kwamakamelo amabili egesi. Umgomo wedemoni kuzoba ukuthumela ama-molecule egesi ahamba ngokushesha ekamelweni elilodwa futhi ahamba kancane aye kwelinye. Ngakho, ikamelo elilodwa lizofudumala (eliqukethe izinhlayiya ezisheshayo) kanti elinye libanda. Idemoni lizodala uhlelo olunokuhleleka okwengeziwe namandla anqwabelene kunalolo eliqale ngalo ngaphandle kokuchitha noma yimaphi amandla, okungukuthi lizothola ukwehla kwe-entropy.
1. Uhlelo lwenjini yolwazi
Nokho, umsebenzi we-physics waseHungary Leo Sillard kusukela ngo-1929 kuya idemoni uMaxwell wabonisa ukuthi ukuhlolwa komcabango akuzange kwephule umthetho wesibili we-thermodynamics. Idemoni, kwaphikisa uSzilard, kumele libize inani elithile lamandla ukuze lithole ukuthi ama-molecule ayashisa noma ayabanda.
Manje ososayensi abavela enyuvesi yaseCanada bakhe uhlelo olusebenza embonweni wokuhlolwa komcabango kaMaxwell, ukuguqula ulwazi lube "umsebenzi". Umklamo wabo uhlanganisa imodeli yezinhlayiyana ezicwiliswa emanzini futhi zixhunywe emthonjeni, obuye uxhunywe esiteji, ongasuswa.
Ososayensi babamba iqhaza idemoni uMaxwell, bukela izinhlayiya ezihamba phezulu noma phansi ngenxa yokunyakaza okushisayo, bese uyisa indawo yesehlakalo phezulu uma uhlamvu lubhampa phezulu ngokungahleliwe. Uma igxuma, basuke belindile. Njengomunye wabacwaningi, uTushar Saha, echaza encwadini, "lokhu kugcina ngokuphakamisa lonke uhlelo (okungukuthi, ukwanda kwamandla adonsela phansi - ed. note) usebenzisa ulwazi kuphela mayelana nesimo sezinhlayiya" (1).
2. Umshini wolwazi elabhorethri
Ngokusobala, izinhlayiya eziyisisekelo zincane kakhulu ukuthi zinganamathela entwasahlobo, ngakho isistimu yangempela (2) isebenzisa ithuluzi elaziwa ngokuthi i-optical trap - ene-laser ukuze ifake amandla ezinhlayiyeni ezilingisa amandla asebenza entwasahlobo.
Ngokuphinda le nqubo ngaphandle kokuhudula inhlayiya ngokuqondile, inhlayiya yaphakama yaya "ekuphakameni okukhulu", iqongelela inani elikhulu lamandla adonsela phansi. Okungenani, yilokho okushiwo ababhali bokuhlolwa. Inani lamandla akhiqizwa yilesi simiso "liqathaniswa nemishini yamangqamuzana asemangqamuzaneni aphilayo" futhi "liqathaniswa namagciwane ahamba ngokushesha," kuchaza elinye ilungu leqembu. Yannick Erich.
