Injini yakwaHyundai, KIA D4EA
Okuqukethwe
Onjiniyela - abakhi benjini yenkampani yaseKorea iHyundai ye-crossover ye-Hyundai Tucson baye basungula futhi bafaka ekukhiqizeni imodeli entsha yeyunithi yamandla. Kamuva, injini yafakwa ku-Elantra, Santa Fe nezinye izinhlobo zezimoto. Ukuduma okuphezulu kweyunithi yamandla kungenxa yezixazululo eziningi zobuchwepheshe ezintsha.
Incazelo
Injini ye-D4EA ibilokhu itholakala kumthengi kusukela ngo-2000. Ukukhishwa kwemodeli kwathatha iminyaka eyi-10. Ingu-diesel four-cylinder in-line turbocharged power unit enamandla angu-2,0 litres, enamandla angu-112-151 hp ne-torque engu-245-350 Nm.
Injini yafakwa ezimotweni zakwaHyundai:
- I-Santa Fe (2000-2009);
- Tucson (2004-2009);
- I-Elantra (2000-2006);
- I-Sonata (2004-2010);
- Traiet (2000-2008).
Ezimotweni zakwaKia:
- I-Sportage JE (2004-2010);
- Ishoda i-UN (2006-2013);
- I-Magentis MG (2005-2010);
- I-Cerato LD (2003-2010).
Iyunithi yamandla yayinezinhlobo ezimbili zama-turbines - i-WGT 28231-27000 (amandla ayeyi-112 hp) ne-VGT 28231 - 27900 (amandla angu-151 hp).
I-cylinder block yenziwe nge-ductile iron. Amasilinda anesithukuthezi ngaphakathi kwebhulokhi.
Ikhanda le-aluminium alloy cylinder. Inama-valve angu-16 kanye ne-camshaft eyodwa (SOHC).
Insimbi ye-Crankshaft, eyenziwe. Ihlezi phezu kwezinsika ezinhlanu.
Ama-pistons ayi-aluminium, anokupholiswa kwesikhala sangaphakathi ngamafutha.
Igiya lokushayela lephampu elinomfutho ophezulu, ukusuka ku-camshaft.
Isikhathi sokushayela ibhande. Ibhande lenzelwe amakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-90 wemoto.
Bosch common rail fuel system. Kusukela ngo-2000 kuya ku-2005, ingcindezi umjovo fuel kwaba 1350 bar, futhi kusukela 2005 kuye kwaba 1600 bar. Ngakho, amandla esimweni sokuqala kwaba 112 hp, okwesibili 151 hp. Isici esengeziwe ekukhuphuleni amandla kwakuyizinhlobo ezahlukene zama-turbines.
Izinxephezelo ze-Hydraulic zisiza kakhulu ukulungiswa kwe-thermal clearance yama-valve. Kodwa zazifakwe kuphela ezinjinini ezine-camshaft eyodwa (SOHC). Ukucaciswa okushisayo kwama-valve kuma-cylinder head anama-camshaft amabili (DOHC) kulawulwa ukukhethwa kwamashimu.
Isistimu yokugcoba. Injini ye-D4EA igcwele amalitha angu-5,9 kawoyela. Imboni isebenzisa iShell Helix Ultra 5W30. Ngesikhathi sokusebenza, wakhethwa enye indlela enhle - Hyundai / Kia Premium DPF Diesel 5W-30 05200-00620. Umkhiqizi uncoma ukushintsha uwoyela ohlelweni lokugcoba injini ngemuva kwe-15 km yemoto egijimayo. Imanuwali yemiyalo yemodeli ethile yemoto ikhombisa ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lwamafutha okufanele lusetshenziswe futhi akufanelekile ukuthi esikhundleni salo kufakwe omunye.
I-balance shaft module itholakala ku-crankcase. Imunca amandla angasebenzi we-oda lesibili, kunciphisa kakhulu ukudlidliza kwemoto.
I-valve ye-EGR kanye nesihlungi sezinhlayiyana kukhulisa kakhulu izindinganiso zemvelo zokukhipha umoya. Afakwe ezinguqulweni zakamuva zenjini.
Технические характеристики
| Umkhiqizi | GM LOKHO |
|---|---|
| Ivolumu yenjini, cm³ | 1991 |
| Amandla, hp | I-112-151 * |
| I-Torque, Nm | 245-350 |
| Isilinganiso sokucindezela | 17,7 |
| Isilinda block | Insimbi |
| Ikhanda lesilinda | aluminium |
| Ububanzi besilinda, mm | 83 |
| Piston unhlangothi, mm | 92 |
| Ukudlidliza damping | i-module yokulinganisa i-shaft |
| Amasilinda ngesilinda ngasinye | 4 (SOHC) |
| Izinxephezelo zeHydraulic | + |
| Isikhathi sokushayela | ibhande |
| I-Turbocharging | I-WGT 28231-27000 ne-VGT 28231 - 27900 |
| Isilawuli sesikhathi se-valve | akukho |
| Uhlelo lokuphakelwa kukaphethiloli | I-CRDI (Common Rail Bosch) |
| I-Fuel | i-diesel fuel |
| Ukuhleleka kwamasilinda | 1-3-4-2 |
| Amazinga ezemvelo | Ama-Euro 3/4** |
| Impilo yesevisi, inkulungwane yamakhilomitha | 250 |
| Isisindo kg | 195,6-201,4*** |
* amandla ancike ohlotsheni lwe-turbine efakiwe, ** ezinguqulweni zakamuva, i-valve ye-EGR nesihlungi esiyizinhlayiyana zifakiwe, *** isisindo sinquma uhlobo lwe-turbocharger efakiwe.
Ukuthembeka, ubuthakathaka, ukugcina
Noma yisiphi isici sobuchwepheshe ngeke sinikeze isithombe esiphelele senjini kuze kube yilapho kucatshangelwa izici ezintathu eziyinhloko ezibonisa amandla okusebenza eyunithi yamandla.
Ukuthembeka
Ezindabeni zokuthembeka kwenjini, imibono yabashayeli ayiyona into ecacile. Komunye uhlengikazi ayizinkulungwane ezingu-400 km ngaphandle kokusikisela ukuthi kungenzeka ukulungiswa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi, umuntu osevele ngemuva kwezinkulungwane eziyi-150 km eqala ukwenza ukulungiswa okukhulu.
Iningi labashayeli bezimoto lisho ngokuqiniseka ukuthi uma zonke izincomo ezinconywe umenzi ngokulungiswa nokusebenza kwemoto zilandelwa, zingadlula kude insiza eshiwo.
Izidingo ezikhethekile zibekwe kwikhwalithi yoketshezi lobuchwepheshe, ikakhulukazi uwoyela nodizili. Yiqiniso, e-Russian Federation (nakwamanye ama-republic we-CIS yangaphambili) uphethiloli kanye nezinto zokugcoba azihlali zihlangabezana nezindinganiso, kodwa lokhu akusona isizathu sokuthululela uphethiloli wokuqala ohlangene neziteshi zegesi ku-tank fuel. Umphumela wokusebenzisa uphethiloli wedizili wezinga eliphansi esithombeni.
Lokhu kuphinda kwengeze ngokuzenzakalelayo ukushintshwa okuphindaphindiwe kwezinto zesistimu kaphethiloli, ukugibela okuvamile (futhi hhayi mahhala) ukuya eziteshini zesevisi, ukuxilonga imoto okungadingekile, njll. Ngokomfanekiso, "uphethiloli we-diesel penny" ovela emithonjeni engabazekayo uphenduka izindleko eziningi zama-ruble zokulungiswa kwenjini.
I-D4EA nayo izwela kakhulu kwikhwalithi kawoyela. Ukufaka uphethiloli ngezinhlobo ezinganconyiwe kuholela emiphumeleni engenakuhlehliswa. Kulokhu, ukuguqulwa okukhulu kwenjini akunakugwenywa.
Ngakho-ke, zonke izinkinga emotweni ziqala ukuvela kuphela uma isetshenziswe ngokungalungile futhi izincomo zomenzi azilandelwa. Injini ngokwayo inokwethenjelwa futhi ihlala isikhathi eside.
Izindawo ezibuthakathaka
Noma iyiphi injini inamaphuzu ayo abuthakathaka. I-D4EA nayo inazo. Esinye sezimo eziyingozi kakhulu ukuthambekela kwamafutha. Kwenzeka ngenxa yokuvaleka kwesistimu yokungenisa umoya ye-crankcase. Inguqulo eyisisekelo (112 hp) yenjini yayingenayo isihlukanisi samafutha. Ngenxa yalokho, uwoyela oweqile wanqwabelana esembozweni sevalvu, amanye angena emakamelweni avuthayo. Kwakukhona imfucumfucu evamile yamafutha.
Ukuphefumula okuvalekile kwesistimu yokukhipha umoya kube nomthelela ekudaleni ingcindezi yegesi eyeqile ku-crankcase. Lesi simo siyaphela ngokukhama uwoyela ngezimpawu ezihlukahlukene, njengezimpawu zamafutha e-crankshaft.
Ihlangana amawasha okuvala ashile ngaphansi kwemibhobho. Uma ukungasebenzi kahle kungabonwa ngesikhathi, ikhanda le-cylinder liyabhujiswa. Okokuqala, izidleke zokufika ziyahlupheka. Imibhobho ingaveza enye inkathazo - uma igugile, ukusebenza kahle kwenjini kuyaphazamiseka, futhi ukuqala kwayo kuba kubi. Isizathu sokugqokwa ezimweni eziningi akuwona uphethiloli we-diesel wekhwalithi ephezulu.
Ngemuva kokugijima isikhathi eside kwamanye ama-motor, kuyaphawulwa i-rotor yepompo yamanzi ehlanganisiwe. Ingozi ilele ekugqashukeni kwebhande lesikhathi nayo yonke imiphumela elandelayo.
Ibhande lesikhathi linokuphila okufushane kwenkonzo (izinkulungwane ezingama-90 km). Uma kwenzeka ukuphuka kwayo, ama-valve ayagoba, futhi lokhu kakade ukulungiswa okunzima kweyunithi yamandla.
Akuvamile ukuhlangana nokungasebenzi kahle okufana nalokhu I-valve ye-EGR ibhajwe ivuliwe. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi abashayeli abaningi bafaka ipulaki ku-valve. Ukusebenza okunjalo akuphazamisi injini, nakuba kunciphisa amazinga emvelo.
Kukhona ubuthakathaka ku-D4EA, kodwa buvela lapho imithetho yokusebenzisa injini yephulwa. Ukugcinwa ngesikhathi kanye nokuxilongwa kwesimo senjini kuqeda izimbangela zokungasebenzi kahle kweyunithi yamandla.
Ukulondolozeka
I-ICE D4EA inokugcinwa okuhle. Isihluthulelo salokhu ngokuyinhloko i-cast-iron cylinder block yayo. Kungenzeka ukubhoboza amasilinda kubukhulu obudingekayo bokulungisa. Ukwakhiwa kwe-motor ngokwayo akunzima kakhulu.
Azikho izinkinga ngezinsimbi ezisele zokushintsha ezingaphumelelanga. Ayatholakala kunoma iyiphi i-assortment ezitolo ezikhethekile neziku-inthanethi. Ungakhetha ukuthenga izingxenye zangempela nezingxenye noma ama-analogue azo. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, noma iyiphi ingxenye eyisipele esetshenzisiwe kulula ukuyithola kuma-disassemblies amaningi.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukulungisa injini kubiza kakhulu. I-node ebiza kakhulu i-turbine. Ngeke kushibhile kuzoba ukushintshwa kwalo lonke uhlelo lukaphethiloli. Naphezu kwalokhu, kunconywa ukusebenzisa izingxenye ezisele zangempela kuphela ukulungisa. Ama-analogues, njengomthetho, enziwa eChina. Izinga labo ezimweni eziningi lihlale lingabaza. Imihlangano emikhulu nezingxenye ezithengwe ekuhlakazweni nazo azihlangabezani nokulindelwe ngaso sonke isikhathi - akekho onganquma ngokunembile insiza esele yengxenye eyisipele esetshenzisiwe.
Ngokuvamile kunezimo lapho ukushintshwa kwesici esisodwa senjini kubangela ukushintshwa okuphoqelekile kwabanye. Isibonelo, uma kwenzeka ikhefu, noma ukushintshwa okuhleliwe kwebhande lesikhathi, i-pulley yayo ye-tensioner nayo kufanele ishintshe. Uma lokhu kusebenza kunganakwa, imfuneko yokuxhuma i-roller izokwakhiwa, okuzophinde kubangele ukuthi ibhande liphuke.
Kunama-nuances amaningi anjalo enjinini. Ngakho-ke, yilabo kuphela abawazi kahle isakhiwo senjini, abanolwazi ekwenzeni umsebenzi onjalo futhi amathuluzi akhethekile adingekayo angakwazi ukulungisa ngokwabo. Isixazululo esihle kakhulu ukuphathisa ukubuyiselwa kweyunithi kochwepheshe abavela kusevisi yemoto ekhethekile.
Ungathola umbono mayelana nedivayisi nezigaba zokuqaqa injini ngokubuka ividiyo.
Ukuhlwaya
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi injini ikhiqizwa ekuqaleni ngenkani, kungenzeka ukwandisa amandla ayo ayatholakala. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi lokhu kusebenza kuphela ezinguqulweni zokuqala zenjini (112 hp). Masiqaphele ngokushesha iqiniso lokuthi ukushuna ngomshini kwe-D4EA akunakwenzeka.
Ukukhanyisa i-ECU kukuvumela ukuthi ukhuphule amandla kusuka ku-112 hp kuya ku-140 ngokukhuphuka kanyekanye kwe-torque (cishe ngo-15-20%). Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kukhona ukwehla kancane kokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli ekusebenzeni kwedolobha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwezinye izimoto kukhona i-cruise control (Kia Sportage).
Ngendlela efanayo, kungenzeka ukuhlela kabusha inguqulo ye-ECU yenjini engu-125-horsepower. Ukusebenza kuzonyusa amandla afinyelele ku-150 hp futhi kwenyuse i-torque ku-330 Nm.
Amathuba okulungisa inguqulo yokuqala ye-D4EA kungenxa yokuthi izilungiselelo zokuqala ze-ECU endaweni yokukhiqiza zithathwa kancane ngamandla ukusuka ku-140 hp kuya ku-112. Okusho ukuthi, injini ngokwayo izomelana nemithwalo eyengeziwe ngaphandle kwemiphumela.
Ukuze ulungise i-chip yeyunithi yamandla, udinga ukuthenga i-adaptha ye-Galletto1260. Uhlelo (i-firmware) luzokwethulwa uchwepheshe ozolungisa kabusha iyunithi yokulawula.
Ukushintsha izilungiselelo ze-ECU kungenziwa eziteshini zesevisi ezikhethekile.
Kuyinto engathandeki ukushuna izinjini zezinguqulo zakamuva, ngoba ukungenelela okunjalo kuzonciphisa kakhulu impilo yenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi.
Abakhi benjini baseKorea abakhanga i-turbodiesel embi. Ukusebenza okuthembekile ngemuva kwe-400 km ye-run kuqinisekisa lesi sitatimende. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kwabanye abashayeli, kudinga ukulungiswa okukhulu ngemva kokubalekela i-150 km. Konke kuncike esimweni sengqondo mayelana nemoto. Ngokuya kuzo zonke izincomo zomenzi, kuzoba okuthembekile futhi okuqinile, ngaphandle kwalokho kuzobangela umnikazi wezinkinga eziningi futhi kuzonciphisa kakhulu isabelomali sakhe.
