Injini yakwaHyundai, Kia D4CB
Okuqukethwe
Abakhi bezinjini baseKorea bathuthukile futhi bafaka ekukhiqizeni olunye uchungechunge lwezinjini zikadizili zomndeni wakwa-"A". Imodeli eyisisekelo isishintshwe izikhathi eziningi kumamodeli athile ezimoto zakwaHyundai neKia. Ngesikhathi sokubhala, kunezinguquko ezihlukene eziyi-10 zale njini.
Incazelo yenjini
I-D4CB 2,5 CRDI yakhiwe kusukela ngo-2001 kuphela e-Korea embonini ye-Incheon. Le nkampani ingeyeHyundai Motor Corporation. Izinguquko kumklamo zenziwe kabili. (Isistimu yesibaseli eyakhiwe yi-BOSCH yathathelwa indawo yi-DELPHI). Ukuthuthukiswa kwenza kwaba nokwenzeka ukudlulela emazingeni aphezulu emvelo.
Injini yafakwa ezimotweni ezenziwe eKorea:
I-cylinder block, kanye ne-exhaust manifold, ziyinsimbi ephonswe. Ikhanda le-cylinder kanye ne-multifold intake yenziwe nge-aluminium alloy.
Amasilinda acwebile. Amakamelo omlilo akhuphuka kancane ngevolumu. Lokhu kwenziwe lula ubukhulu besilinda esibalulekile kanye ne-piston stroke.
Ama-pistons enziwe nge-aluminium alloy ngaphandle kokufakwa kwensimbi yokuqinisa.
Ikhanda lesilinda linama-camshaft amabili nama-valve amane (indlela yokusabalalisa igesi ye-DOHC).
Ukushayela isikhathi, iphampu yomjovo kaphethiloli, ama-balancer shafts kanye neketanga likawoyela futha (amaketanga ama-3).
Ukuze kube lula ukugcinwa nokusebenza kahle kwendlela yokusabalalisa igesi, ama-valve afakwe izinxephezelo ze-hydraulic.
Ama-balancer shafts afakiwe abhekana ngempumelelo nokufiphala kwamandla angasebenzi we-2nd order ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwenjini. Ngenxa yalokho, ukudlidliza akuzwakali futhi umsindo uncipha kakhulu.
Isistimu yokuphakela uphethiloli ngomjovo kaphethiloli we-elekthronikhi (I-Common Rail Delphi). Ukuthuthukiswa kwenjini kulokhu kudale izinzuzo eziningi (ukonga uphethiloli, kulula ukuqala emazingeni okushisa aphansi, njll.). Inqubekelaphambili ebonakalayo ekuthuthukisweni kwesimanje kwaba ukukhuphuka kwamazinga okukhishwa kwegesi. Manje sebehambisana nezinga le-Euro 5.
Ukufaka i-turbocharger nge-intercooler kwenze kwaba nokwenzeka ukwandisa amandla ku-170 hp.
Технические характеристики
Injini yomugqa we-A II inezinguqulo eziyi-10. Ngayinye yayihambisana nohlobo oluthile kanye nokwakheka kwemoto efakwe kuyo. Ithebula lifingqa idatha yokuguqulwa okubili okuyinhloko - okufunwa ngokwemvelo (116 hp) kanye ne-turbocharged (170 hp).
| Umkhiqizi | Inkampani yakwaHyundai Motor Corporation |
|---|---|
| uhlobo lwenjini | emugqeni |
| Ivolumu, cm³ | 2497 |
| Amandla, hp | I-116-170 * |
| I-Torque, Nm | 245-441 |
| Isilinganiso sokucindezela | 16,4-17,7 |
| Isilinda block | Insimbi |
| Ikhanda lesilinda | aluminium |
| Inani lamasilinda | 4 |
| Ububanzi besilinda, mm | 91 |
| Piston unhlangothi, mm | 96 |
| Amasilinda ngesilinda ngasinye | 4 |
| Izinxephezelo zeHydraulic | + |
| Ukuhleleka kwamasilinda | 1-3-4-2 |
| Ukudlidliza kuyadambisa | ibhalansi shafts |
| Isikhathi sokushayela | uchungechunge |
| Uhlelo lokusabalalisa igesi | I-DOHC |
| Uhlelo lokuphakelwa kukaphethiloli | I-Common Rail (CRDI)** |
| I-Fuel | I-DT (i-diesel) |
| Ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha, l / 100 km | Kusuka ku-7,9 kuye ku-15,0*** |
| Isistimu yokugcoba, l | 4,5 |
| Ukusetshenziswa kukawoyela, l/1000 km | Kuze kube yi-0,6 |
| I-Turbocharging | +/- |
| Isihlungi se-Particulate | + |
| Izinga lobuthi | I-Euro 3 - Euro 5 |
| Izinga lokushisa elipholile elisebenzayo, amadigri. | 95 |
| Uhlelo lokupholisa | ngenkani |
| Indawo: | i-longitudinal |
| Insiza, ngaphandle. km | 250 + |
| Isisindo kg | 117 |
*isibalo sokuqala ngesenjini ene-WGT turbocharger, eyesibili - ene-VGT. **Isistimu yamandla ye-BOSCH yokuqala, eyesibili - DELPHI. *** kuncike ku-firmware ye-ECU.
Ukuthembeka, ubuthakathaka, ukugcina
Amagama ambalwa mayelana nezinkomba ezibalulekile zeyunithi yamandla ezibonisa ukusebenza kwayo.
Ukuthembeka
Ukuthembeka kwenjini kuncike ezintweni eziningi. Ake sibheke ezinye zazo.
I-cylinder block, i-cylinder head, i-crankshaft, izinduku zokuxhuma (ngaphandle kwalezo ezenziwe ngo-2008-2009) nama-pistons azibangeli izinkinga futhi zibhekwa njengokwethenjelwa kakhulu. Ezinye izingxenye nezincane zidinga ukucatshangelwa okujulile.
Idrayivu yesikhathi ihlanganisa amaketanga amathathu. Ukuphila kwabo okumenyezelwe yi-200-250 km. Eqinisweni, ifushaniswa kakhulu, ngezinye izikhathi ngesigamu. Lokhu kuhluka kuvamile ezinjinini ezisebenza kanzima futhi "zinenkululeko" ezivunyelwe ngesikhathi sokunakekelwa kwazo. Lokhu kusho ukwehluleka ukuhlangabezana nezinsuku eziwumnqamulajuqu, ukungenzi yonke imisebenzi, ukushintsha uketshezi olusebenzayo olunconywe umenzi ngezifaniso ezingabazisayo, kanye nokwephulwa okuhlukahlukene kwenqubo yobuchwepheshe phakathi nokulungiswa.
Isiphetho: ngokulungiswa kwekhwalithi ephezulu nokufika ngesikhathi kwenjini, amaketanga esikhathi azoqeda ngokuphelele impilo yawo yenkonzo.
Izinxephezelo ze-hydraulic zidinga ukunakwa okuthile. Kwanele ukugcwalisa injini ngamafutha ekhwalithi ephansi, futhi izinkinga ezinama-valve ngeke zithathe isikhathi eside ukwenzeka.
Izindandatho zomjovo wethusi zintekenteke kakhulu enjinini. Ukubhujiswa kwabo (ukukhathala) kungabangela ukwehluleka kwayo yonke injini. Ukuqapha isimo sabo ngemva 45-50 ayizinkulungwane km. I-mileage izosiza ukugwema izinkinga ezinkulu enjinini.
Ingxenye elandelayo edinga ukunakwa yi-turbocharger. Impilo yesevisi emenyezelwe ye-turbine idlula izinkulungwane ezingama-200 km. Kodwa ekusebenzeni ngokuvamile kuhhafu. Ukuvimbela lokhu ukuthi kungenzeki, kwanele ukugcina izimo zokushisa zokusebenza kwenjini (ukugwema ukushisa ngokweqile) futhi uhambisane ngokugcwele nazo zonke izidingo zomkhiqizi, ikakhulukazi lezo ezihlobene namafutha - sebenzisa kuphela okunconywayo, ngevolumu edingekayo bese uyibuyisela esikhundleni. ngesikhathi esifanele.
Kunesiphetho esisodwa kuphela esijwayelekile: injini inokwethenjelwa, kodwa kuphela uma zonke izidingo ezibekwe kuyo zihlangene.
Izindawo ezibuthakathaka
Naphezu kokuthembeka okuphezulu kwenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi iyonke, kukhona ubuthakathaka kuyo. Iqembu lamaphutha amakhulu liqukethe lokhu okulandelayo:
- ukuzwela kwephampu yomjovo kanye nesistimu yomjovo kwikhwalithi yamafutha;
- ukubhujiswa okusheshayo kwamasongo ethusi ama-injection;
- ukugqokwa okunolaka kwama-crankshaft liners;
- izindleko zokusebenza eziphezulu.
iphampu yomjovo kanye
Uhlelo lweCommon Rail alukwazi neze ukubekezelela uphethiloli wedizili osezingeni eliphansi. Futhi ukulungiswa kwabo akukwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi ishibhile.
Izindandatho zomjovo wethusi zingaphansi kokubhujiswa ngokushesha. Lokhu okuholela kukho akudingekile ukuba kuchazwe.
I-crankshaft bearing liners ijwayele ukugqoka ngokushesha kakhulu, imikhiqizo evala iziteshi zamafutha. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukushisa kwenjini nokwenyuka kokuguga kwezindawo zokuhlikihla eziningi zezingxenye nezincane kuyaqinisekiswa.
Ibanga phakathi kokulungiswa okuvamile alikho phezulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lokhu kuyilungele injini. Kodwa lesi simo asilethi injabulo kumnikazi wayo - LOKHO akuyona mahhala.
Obunye ubuthakathaka benjini buvela kancane. Isibonelo, isamukeli samafutha esivalekile. Idinga ukunakwa okwengeziwe.
Imvamisa kuba khona ukuphumula emaketangeni esikhathi, ikakhulukazi eliphansi, elidlulisa ukuzungezisa empompini kawoyela kanye nama-balancer shafts. Ngokuhambisana nakho, okuyinhloko kuyahluleka.
Izinxephezelo ze-Hydraulic, i-valve ye-USR, kanye nesistimu yokushintsha i-geometry yama-turbocharger blades inempilo yesevisi ephansi.
Ukuwohloka kwangaphambili okuvusa amadlingozi, njengenduku yokuxhuma ephukile, kususiwe. Ngenxa yekhwalithi empofu yokuxhuma ama-bolts wezinduku (ama-factory defects), amayunithi akhiqizwa ngo-2008-2009 akhunjulwa.
Ezinjinini ezakhiwe ngemuva kuka-2006, kwaqoshwa amacala angawodwa okuphulwa kwe-injector fastenings. Imvelo yalesi simo, ngeshwa, ayikacaciswa.
Ukulondolozeka
Ukusimama kwenjini kuyagculisa. Iyinkimbinkimbi ngokunembe. Iqiniso liwukuthi i-cylinder block ayilayishiwe. Uma kunesidingo, ukuphenduka nokucijwa kwezindawo zokusebenza kufanele kwenziwe ngaphakathi kwebhulokhi. Ukwenza le misebenzi, amathuluzi omshini ayinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ayadingeka. Ukwengeza, kunesidingo sokugaya okuphoqelekile kwezindawo zokuhlala zekhanda le-cylinder kanye ne-block ngokwayo, kusukela i-gasket phakathi kwabo yenziwe ngensimbi, i.e. engashwabeki.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukufakwa kwemikhono kungenzeka. Ukushintsha ezinye izingxenye kanye nemihlangano yanoma yiluphi uhlobo lokulungisa akunzima.
Imithetho yesevisi
Njengoba kuphawuliwe ekuqaleni, injini ye-HYUNDAI D4CB 2,5 litre isabela kakhulu esimisweni nasekupheleleni kwenani lokulungiswa okwenziwe kuyo. Umkhiqizi wenze izincomo ezithile zokunakekelwa okudinga ukubambelela ngokuqinile. Kodwa lapha udinga ukucabangela izimo zokusebenza. Akuyona imfihlo ukuthi imigwaqo yaseRussia kanye nekhwalithi yamafutha kanye nezinto zokugcoba zihluke kakhulu kumaKorea. Futhi hhayi okungcono.
Ngokusekelwe kumaqiniso, isikhathi esinqunyiwe sokushintsha konke okusebenzisekayo nezingxenye ngesikhathi sokulungiswa kwenjini okulandelayo kufanele sincishiswe. Ngokwezincomo zomakhenikha benkonzo yemoto kanye nabanikazi bezimoto lapho kufakwe khona izinjini zikadizili ze-D4CB, kunesidingo sokulungisa isikhathi sokugcinwa kwazo:
- buyisela uchungechunge lwesikhathi ngemuva kwezinkulungwane eziyi-100 km, amaketanga asele ngemuva kwezinkulungwane eziyi-150 km;
- shintsha i-antifreeze ohlelweni lokupholisa kanye njalo eminyakeni emi-1, futhi ngemva kokusetshenziswa kakhulu kwemoto ngemva kwe-3 km;
- Amafutha enjini efunwa ngokwemvelo ashintshwa ngemuva kwe-7,5 km eyizinkulungwane, futhi enjini ye-turbocharged - ngemva kwe-5 km. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isihlungi samafutha siyashintshwa;
- shintsha isihlungi samafutha njalo ngezinkulungwane ezingama-30 km, isihlungi somoya - kanye ngonyaka;
- ukuze ugweme ukuqhuma kwamagesi e-crankcase ngaphandle, ukuhlanza uhlelo lokungena komoya lwe-crankcase ngemva kwamakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezingu-20;
- Kunconywa ukuthi ubuyekeze amapulaki akhanyayo njalo ngonyaka, kanye nebhethri njengoba kudingeka, kodwa kungakapheli i-60 km yemoto.
Kufanele kucatshangelwe ukuthi esimweni sesimanje senjini (isibonelo, ukulungisa), isikhathi sokulungisa kufanele sincishiswe.
Ulwazi oluningiliziwe mayelana nokuqukethwe komsebenzi owenziwe phakathi nezinhlobo ezilandelayo zokunakekelwa kungatholakala kuManuwali Yokusebenza yemoto yakho.
Ukulungisa noma yikuphi ukunakekela kubiza kancane, kodwa ukulungisa noma ukuyishintsha yonke injini kuzobiza kakhulu.
Indawo yokunaka ephezulu
Uhlelo lokuthambisa injini lungolunye olubaluleke kakhulu futhi ludinga ukunakwa kakhulu. Konke ukusebenza kweyunithi iyonke kuncike esimweni sayo.
Hlobo luni lwamafutha lokuthela
Ngemodeli ngayinye yenjini, umenzi ubonisa uhlobo oluthile lwamafutha okugcwalisa uhlelo kanye nenani lalo. Amafutha afaneleka kakhulu ezinjini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi ze-D4CB yi-SAE 5W-30 noma i-5W-40 yamafutha e-viscosity grade, isibonelo, i-Castrol Magnatec Diesel 5W-40 B 4 (PDF) uwoyela we-synthetic motor. Ukuthuthukisa izici kanye nezakhiwo zokugcoba zamafutha, ukusetshenziswa kwezithasiselo kuvunyelwe.
Lapho uthenga uwoyela, naka ukulebula kwawo ukuze ungagcwalisi ngephutha uwoyela ohloselwe injini kaphethiloli.
Ukuhlwaya
Ungakwazi ukushuna injini ngezindlela ezintathu:
- ukulungiswa kwe-chip ngokushintsha izilungiselelo ze-ECU;
- ukuvala i-valve ye-EGR;
- ukufakwa kwemojula ye-pedal-box evela ku-DTE-systems.
Ngokweqile, kungenzeka ukwandisa amandla ngenye indlela - ngokubhora ikhanda le-cylinder, kodwa ekusebenzeni akutholanga ukusetshenziswa okubanzi.
Ukulungiswa kwe-chip ngokushintsha izilungiselelo ze-ECU kwenziwa ngezigaba ezimbili. Esigabeni sokuqala, yonke imikhawulo ebekwe umenzi kuma-electronics okulawula iyasuswa. Kowesibili, uhlelo olusha "lulayishiwe" (lukhanyisa kabusha i-ECU).
Njengomphumela walokhu kukhohlisa, amazinga emvelo azokwehliswa abe cishe ku-Euro 2/3, kodwa amandla azokwenyuka kancane. Ngokwezibuyekezo zalabo abenza i-chip tuning besebenzisa le ndlela, ukunyuka kwe-trust injini kwazwakala ngokuphawulekayo kakade ngesivinini esiphakathi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukudlidliza okwakubonakala ngaphambilini kwanyamalala lapho ijubane lehla. Ukwengeza, ukwehla kokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli ngesivinini esiphansi kwaphawulwa, kuyilapho ngesikhathi esifanayo kwanda ngesivinini esikhulu.
Ukukhubaza i-valve ye-EGR (ukushintsha i-exhaust recirculation) kukuvumela ukuthi ukhuphule amandla ngo-10 hp.
Indlela yesimanje nengabizi kakhulu yokushuna injini ukuxhuma imojuli yebhokisi le-DTE-Systems pedal-box. Ukufakwa kwe-DTE PEDALBOX booster kungenzeka ezimotweni ezinesekhethi yokulawula ye-PPT (gas pedal) kagesi. Kulokhu, izilungiselelo ze-ECU aziphulwa. Ukufaka imojuli kuzonyusa amandla enjini aze afike ku-8%. Kodwa akufanele sikhohlwe ukuthi le nketho yokulungisa i-pedal pedal ene-mechanical drive yokulawula iphampu yomjovo ayamukelekile.
Ukushuna injini kwandisa amandla ayo kanye netorque. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo kwandisa umthwalo eqenjini cylinder-piston. Umphumela omubi unxeshezelwa ngandlela thize ngokushintsha kukawoyela okuvamile, kodwa lokhu akulethi inzuzo enkulu ku-CPG.
Ukuthengwa kwenjini yenkontileka
Ukuthenga inkontileka ye-D4CB kulula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kanye nezisetshenzisiwe, kuthengiswa izinjini ezintsha ngokuphelele.
Amanani asukela kuma-ruble angama-80 kuye kwangama-200. izinjini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi ezisetshenzisiwe. Ezintsha zizobiza cishe ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingu-70. kuyabiza.
Ukuze uthole inkomba: i-D4CB entsha ingathengwa phesheya ngama-euro angu-3800.
Injini yedizili yakwa Kia D4CB yandile eRussia nakwamanye amazwe eCIS. Inezici ezinhle zobuchwepheshe zekilasi layo, futhi ihlinzekwa ngokugcwele yimakethe ngezingxenye ezisele, izingxenye kanye nama-assemblies (kokubili asetshenzisiwe noma amasha) ukuze agcinwe noma alungiswe.
