Izinjini ezimbili ezimotweni zikagesi - yimaphi amaqhinga abakhiqizi abawasebenzisayo ukukhulisa ububanzi? [DESCRIPTION]

Izimoto zikagesi zinenjini eyodwa, ezimbili, ezintathu, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ezine. Ngokombono wezomnotho, injini eyodwa iyindlela engcono kakhulu, kodwa abanye abantu bazizwa beqiniseka ngokwengeziwe uma bedonsa ngawo wonke amasondo. Kodwa ulinganisela kanjani ukuzethemba okunikezwa yi-AWD nokusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi? Abakhiqizi banezindlela ezimbalwa zokwenza lokhu.

Ama-Multi-motor drives kuma-electrics. Izimoto zikwehlisa kanjani ukusetshenziswa kwamandla?

Uhlu lokuqukethwe

• Ama-Multi-motor drives kuma-electrics. Izimoto zikwehlisa kanjani ukusetshenziswa kwamandla?
  • Indlela #1: Sebenzisa i-clutch (isb. iplatifomu ye-Hyundai E-GMP: Hyundai Ioniq 5, Kia EV6)
  • Indlela #2: Sebenzisa i-induction motor okungenani i-axle eyodwa (isb. I-Tesla Model S/X Raven, Volkswagen MEB)
  • Indlela yesi-3: Ukwengeza ibhethri ngobuhlakani

Ake siqale kusukela ekuqaleni - idrayivu ye-axis eyodwa. Kuye ngesinqumo somkhiqizi, injini itholakala ngaphambili (FWD) noma i-axle yangemuva (RWD). Isondo elihamba phambili Ngomqondo othile, lokhu kuwukusuka ezimotweni zenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi: emashumini eminyaka edlule kwakunenkolelo yokuthi lokhu kuzoqinisekisa ukuphepha okuphezulu, ngakho iningi labasebenzi bakagesi bakudala babenokushayela ngamasondo angaphambili. Kuze kube yilolu suku, lesi yisixazululo esiyisisekelo ku-Nissan ne-Renault (isiteji seLeaf, i-Zoe, i-CMF-EV) kanye namamodeli angukuguqulwa kwezimoto ezivuthayo zangaphakathi (isibonelo, i-VW e-Golf, i-Mercedes EQA).

U-Tesla wayeka indlela yokushayela ngamasondo angaphambili kusukela ekuqaleni, kanye ne-BMW ne-i3 neVolkswagen ngeplatifomu ye-MEB, lapho isisombululo esiyisisekelo sikhona. injini itholakala ku-ekseli yangemuva. Lokhu kuyabakhathaza abashayeli abaningi ngokwezinga elithile ngoba isondo langaphambili izimoto ezivuthayo zangaphakathi empeleni ziphephe kakhulu ezimeni eziseduze nesango, kodwa ngama-motor kagesi akukho lutho okufanele sikhathazeke ngakho. Izinto zikagesi nezikagesi zishesha kakhulu kunezinhlelo zemishini ezinjinini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi ezingenasici.

Kalula nje, injini eyodwa iyisethi eyodwa yezintambo ezinamandla kagesi, i-inverter eyodwa, uhlelo olulodwa lokulawula. Ama-elementi ambalwa ohlelweni, okuncane kuzoba ukulahlekelwa okuphelele. Ngoba Izimoto zikagesi ezinenjini eyodwa ziyonga kakhulu kunezimoto ezinezinjini ezimbili noma ngaphezulu.esilobe ngayo ekuqaleni.

Ngaphandle kwabashayeli, uthanda ukushayela ngamasondo amane. Abanye abantu bayithenga ukuze isebenze kangcono, abanye ngoba bazizwa bephephile ngayo, kanti abanye ngoba bavame ukugibela ezimeni ezinzima zangaphandle komgwaqo. Amamotho kagesi lapha atotoswa onjiniyela: esikhundleni somzimba weshubhu omkhulu, oshisayo, onyakazayo, sinomklamo omuhle ohlangene ongangezwa ku-ekseli yesibili. Okufanele ukwenze esimweni esinjalo, ukuze ungadluli ngezindleko zamandla futhi uqinisekise umnikazi wendawo yokugcina amandla? Ngokusobala: kufanele ucime izinjini eziningi ngangokunokwenzeka.

Kepha ukwenza kanjani lokho?

Indlela #1: Sebenzisa i-clutch (isb. iplatifomu ye-Hyundai E-GMP: Hyundai Ioniq 5, Kia EV6)

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zamamotho asetshenziswa ezimotweni zikagesi: induction (induction motor, ASM) noma permanent magnet motor (PSM). Amamotho kazibuthe ahlala unomphela ayonga kakhulu, ngakho anengqondo noma kuphi lapho ububanzi bobukhulu bubalulekile. Kodwa futhi bane-drawback ephawulekayo: odonsa unomphela abakwazi ukuvalwa, bakha insimu kazibuthe, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi siyathanda noma cha.

Ngenxa yokuthi amasondo axhumeke ngokuqinile enjinini ngama-ekseli namagiya, ukugibela ngakunye kuzoholela ekugelezeni kukagesi: ukusuka ebhethrini ukuya enjinini (ukuqhuma kwemoto) noma ukusuka enjini ukuya ebhethrini (ukuthola kabusha). Ngakho-ke, uma sisebenzisa injini eyodwa yamagnetic unomphela ku-axle ngayinye, isimo singavela lapho umuntu ezoshayela amasondo futhi omunye uzonciphisa imoto, ngoba iguqula amandla omshini abe ngugesi. Isimo esingathandeki kakhulu.

AbakwaHyundai baxazulule le nkinga nge-clutch engumshini ku-asili yangaphambili. Ukusebenza kwayo ku-othomathikhi ngokugcwele, njengesistimu ye-Haldex ezimotweni ezivuthayo zangaphakathi: lapho umshayeli edinga amandla engeziwe, i-clutch ikhiyiwe futhi zombili izinjini ziyasheshisa (noma ukubhuleka?) imoto. Lapho umgibeli eshayela ngomoya ophansi, i-clutch ikhipha injini yangaphambili emasondweni, ngakho-ke ayikho inkinga ngokubhuleka.

Inzuzo enkulu ye-clutch ukuthi kungenzeka ukusebenzisa izinjini ze-PSM ezongayo kuwo womabili ama-axles. Ububi ukwethulwa kwesinye isici somshini ohlelweni, okumele simelane nama-torque aphezulu futhi siphendule ngokushesha ezinguqukweni. Ngale ndlela ingxenye izoguga kancane kancane - futhi ngenkathi ibukeka ilula ekwakhiweni, izinga lokunamathiselwe enalo ohlelweni lokushayela lenza ukuthi ukushintshwa kungenzeki.

Indlela #2: Sebenzisa i-induction motor okungenani i-axle eyodwa (isb. I-Tesla Model S/X Raven, Volkswagen MEB)

Indlela ye-2 isetshenziswe isikhathi eside futhi kaningi, kusukela ekuqaleni ivele ku-Tesla Model S no-X, manje singayithola futhi phakathi kwamanye ama-Volkswagens endaweni yesikhulumi se-MEB, kuhlanganise ne-VW ID.4 GTX. Kulele eqinisweni lokuthi ama-induction motors anama-electromagnets afakwa kuwo womabili ama-axles (imodeli yeTesla endala) noma okungenani ku-axle yangaphambili (MEB AWD, Tesla S/X from Raven version).. Sonke siyazi ukuthi i-electromagnetic isebenza kanjani kusukela esikoleni samabanga aphansi: insimu kazibuthe yenziwa kuphela lapho kusetshenziswa i-voltage. Lapho i-current icishiwe, i-electromagnetic iphenduka ibe inqwaba evamile yezintambo.

Ngakho-ke, esimweni se-asynchronous motor, kwanele ukunqamula ukuvunguza emthonjeni wamandla.ukuthi uzoyeka ukumelana. Inzuzo engangabazeki yalesi sixazululo ukulula komklamo, ngoba konke kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa i-electronics. Kodwa-ke, okubi ukusebenza kahle okuphansi kwama-asynchronous motors kanye neqiniso lokuthi ukumelana okuthile kudalwa yibhokisi le-gearbox eline-meshed rigidly kanye ne-motor uqobo.

Njengoba sesishilo kakade, ama-motor induction asetshenziswa kaningi ku-axle yangaphambili, ngakho-ke indima yawo eyinhloko ukwengeza amandla lapho uwadinga futhi ungakhathazeki lapho umgibeli ehamba kancane.

Indlela yesi-3: Ukwengeza ibhethri ngobuhlakani

Kuyafaneleka ukukhumbula ukuthi ukusebenza kahle kwama-motor kagesi kuphezulu kakhulu (95, futhi ngezinye izikhathi 99+ amaphesenti). Ngakho-ke, ngisho ne-AWD drive enama-motor kazibuthe amabili unomphela, okuyinto njalo wheel drive (ngaphandle kokubala ukululama), ukulahlekelwa maqondana ukucushwa nge injini eyodwa kuyoba kuncane uma kuqhathaniswa. Kodwa bazokwazi, futhi amandla agcinwe ebhethrini ayimpahla eyivelakancane - uma siyisebenzisa kakhulu ekushayeleni, izinga liyoba libi kakhulu.

Ngakho-ke, indlela yesithathu yokwandisa ububanzi bezimoto ezidonsa ngamasondo amane kagesi ezinamamotho amabili e-PSM ukukhulisa umthamo webhethri osebenzisekayo ngendlela ecashile. Umthamo usuwonke ungase uhlale ufana, umthamo osebenzisekayo ungase uhluke, ngakho abantu abakhetha phakathi kwe-RWD/FWD ne-AWD ngeke bawubone umehluko ngaphandle kwalapho umenzi esho kanjalo ngokuqondile.

Asazi noma ukhona yini osebenzisa le ndlela esiyichazile. I-Tesla kumamodeli amasha wokusebenza angu-3 inikeza umthengi ukufinyelela kumthamo webhethri osebenzisekayo kancane, kodwa lapha kungase kuvele ukuthi inketho yokusebenza (I-Twin motor) ayengahlukanga ngebanga ukusuka kokwehlukile kwe-Long Range (Dual Motor).

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