Udizili nge-SCR. Ingabe zizobangela izinkinga?

Izinjini zikadizili zinezinsiza ezengeziwe. I-turbocharger, i-aftercooler nesihlungi sezinhlayiya sezivele zisezingeni. Manje sekukhona isihlungi se-SCR.

IBlueHDI, BlueTEC, SCR Blue Motion Technology ngezinye zezimpawu ezisanda kuvela ezimotweni zikadizili. Kubikwa ukuthi izimoto zifakwe uhlelo lwe-SCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction), i.e. ube nokufakwa okukhethekile kokukhishwa kwe-nitrogen oxides emagesini aphumayo, lapho i-catalyst i-ammonia eyethulwa ngendlela yesisombululo se-urea ewuketshezi (AdBlue). . Uhlelo luhlala lungaphandle kwenjini, ngokwengxenye yakhelwe emzimbeni (isilawuli se-electronic, izinzwa, ithangi, iphampu, isistimu yokugcwalisa i-AdBlue, imigqa yokuphakela uketshezi ku-nozzle) futhi ngokwengxenye ingene ohlelweni lokukhipha umoya (i-fluid nozzle, module catalytic, nitrogen oxides). inzwa). Idatha evela ohlelweni ifakwa ohlelweni lokuxilonga lwemoto, oluvumela umshayeli ukuthi athole ulwazi mayelana nesidingo sokugcwalisa uketshezi kanye nokwehluleka okungenzeka kwesistimu ye-SCR.

Ukusebenza kwe-SCR kulula. Umjovo wethula isisombululo se-urea ohlelweni lokukhipha umoya ngaphambi kwe-SCR catalyst. Ngaphansi kwethonya lokushisa eliphezulu, uketshezi lubola lube yi-ammonia ne-carbon dioxide. Ku-catalyst, i-ammonia ihlangana ne-nitrogen oxides yakhe i-nitrogen eguquguqukayo kanye nomhwamuko wamanzi. Enye ye-ammonia engasetshenziswanga ekuphenduleni iphinde iguqulelwe ku-nitrogen eguquguqukayo kanye nomhwamuko wamanzi. Ukusetshenziswa okuqondile kwe-ammonia akunakwenzeka ngenxa yobuthi bayo obukhulu kanye nephunga elibi. Ngakho-ke isixazululo esinamanzi se-urea, esiphephile futhi esingenaphunga, lapho i-ammonia ikhishwa khona kuphela ohlelweni lwe-exhaust ngaphambi nje kokusabela kwe-catalytic.

Amasistimu amasha anciphisa ama-nitrogen oxides kumagesi akhipha umoya athathe indawo yezinhlelo ze-EGR ezazisetshenziswa ngaphambilini, ezazingasebenzi kahle ngokwezinga le-Euro 6 elethulwe ngo-2014. Nokho, akuzona zonke izinjini ze-Euro 6 ezidinga ukuba nesistimu ye-SCR. Ibaluleke kakhulu kumayunithi okushayela amakhulu, kancane okubizwa ngokuthi "NOx trap" noma i-storage catalyst kuyokwanela. Ifakwe ohlelweni lwe-exhaust futhi ithatha ama-nitrogen oxides. Uma inzwa ithola ukuthi i-catalyst igcwele, ithumela isignali kuma-electronic control control. Lona wakamuva, wona, uyala ama-injection ukuthi anyuse umthamo kaphethiloli ngezikhathi ezithile zemizuzwana embalwa ukuze ashise ama-oxide avalelwe. Imikhiqizo yokugcina i-nitrogen ne-carbon dioxide. Ngakho, isiguquli se-catalytic converter sisebenza ngendlela efanayo nesihlungi sezinhlayiyana zedizili, kodwa asisebenzi kahle njengesiguquli se-SCR catalytic, esingasusa kufika ku-90% wama-nitrogen oxides kumagesi aphumayo. Kodwa "i-NOx trap" ayidingi ukulungiswa okwengeziwe kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-AdBlue, okungase kube nzima.

Abahleli batusa:

Kusetshenziswe i-BMW 3 Series e90 (2005 - 2012)

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Izinzuzo ezengeziwe zabashayeli

I-Wholesale AdBlue ishibhile kakhulu (PLN 2 ilitha), kodwa esiteshini segesi kubiza i-PLN 10-15 ilitha. Noma kunjalo, lokhu kuyinani elingcono kunaseziteshini zesevisi ezigunyaziwe, lapho ngokuvamile kufanele ukhokhe izikhathi ezingu-2-3 ngaphezulu ngakho. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi i-AdBlu ithengwa njalo, angeke kube khona umbuzo wesitoko esidinga ukuthwalwa esiqwini. Uketshezi kufanele lugcinwe ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele hhayi isikhathi eside kakhulu. Kodwa indawo yokugcina impahla ayidingeki, ngoba ukusetshenziswa kwesixazululo se-urea kuncane. Cishe i-5% yokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli, okusho ukuthi imoto edla amalitha angu-8/100 km kadizili, cishe amalitha angu-0,4/100 km. Ebangeni elingamakhilomitha angu-1000 kuzoba cishe amalitha angu-4, okusho ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwe-40-60 zł.

Kulula ukubona ukuthi ukuthengwa kwe-AdBlue ngokwayo kwandisa izindleko zokusebenza kwemoto, nakuba lezi zingancishiswa ngokusetshenziswa okuphansi kukaphethiloli ezinjinini ezine-SCR catalytic converter. Izinkinga zokuqala nazo zivela, ngoba ngaphandle kwe-AdBlue emotweni, kufanele ubheke iphuzu lokuthengisa ukuze uthole isisombululo se-urea ngokushesha ngemva komlayezo mayelana nesidingo sokugcwalisa. Lapho uketshezi luphela, injini izongena esimweni esiphuthumayo. Kodwa izinkinga zangempela, nezingathi sína kakhulu, zikwenye indawo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindleko ezihlobene nohlelo lwe-SCR zingaba phezulu kakhulu. Nalu uhlu lwezono ezibulalayo zohlelo lwe-SCR:

Izinga Lokushisa Eliphansi - I-AdBlue iqandisa ku -11 ºC. Uma injini isebenza, isistimu yokushisisa eduze kwethangi le-AdBlue iqinisekisa ukuthi uketshezi aluqini futhi akukho nkinga. Kodwa uma imoto iqalwa ngemva kobusuku obuqanda ikhanda, i-AdBlue iba yiqhwa. Akwenzeki ukuyifaka enjinini ebandayo kuze kube yilapho isistimu yokushisisa ilethe i-AdBlue esimweni esiwuketshezi futhi isilawuli sinqume ukuthi umthamo ungaqala. Ekugcineni, isixazululo se-urea siyajovwa, kodwa asekhona amakristalu e-urea ethangini angavimba i-AdBlue injector kanye nemigqa yephampu. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, injini izohluleka. Isimo ngeke sibuyele kwesijwayelekile kuze kube yilapho yonke i-urea ihlakazeka. Kodwa amakristalu e-urea awancibiliki kalula ngaphambi kokuthi angabe esaba i-crystalline, angalimaza i-AdBlue injector kanye nepompo. Umjovo omusha we-AdBlue ubiza okungenani amakhulu ambalwa e-PLN, kuyilapho iphampu entsha (ehlanganiswe nethangi) ibiza phakathi kuka-1700 nezinkulungwane ezimbalwa ze-PLN. Kufanele kwengezwe ukuthi amazinga okushisa aphansi awasebenzisi i-AdBlue. Lapho kubanda futhi kuncibilika, uketshezi luyawohloka. Ngemuva kokuguqulwa okunjalo okuningana, kungcono ukuyifaka esikhundleni esisha.

Ukushisa - emazingeni okushisa angaphezu kuka-30 ºC, i-urea ku-AdBlue iyajiya futhi ibole ibe into ephilayo ebizwa ngokuthi i-biuret. Ungase uhogele iphunga elingemnandi le-ammonia eduze kwethangi le-AdBlue. Uma okuqukethwe kwe-urea kuphansi kakhulu, isiguquli se-SCR catalytic asikwazi ukuphendula kahle, futhi uma i-alamu yokuxilonga imoto ingaphenduli, injini izongena kumodi ephuthumayo. Indlela elula yokupholisa ithange lakho le-AdBlue ukuthela amanzi abandayo phezu kwalo.

Ukwehluleka kwezingxenye zemishini nezikagesi - uma isetshenziswe kahle, ukulimala kwepompo noma ukwehluleka komjovo we-AdBlue akuvamile. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinzwa ze-nitric oxide ziyehluleka kaningi. Ngeshwa, izinzwa zivame ukubiza kakhulu kunama-injection. Abiza kusukela kumakhulu ambalwa kuya cishe ku-2000 zł.

Ukungcola - Uhlelo lokunikezela nge-AdBlue alukubekezeleli noma yikuphi ukungcola, ikakhulukazi okunamafutha. Ngisho nomthamo omncane wayo uzolimaza ukufakwa. Amafaneli nezinye izesekeli ezidingekayo ekugcwaliseni isixazululo se-urea akufanele zisetshenziselwe enye inhloso. I-AdBlue akumele ihlanjululwe ngamanzi, njengoba lokhu kungalimaza isiguquli se-catalytic. I-AdBlue iyisisombululo esingu-32,5% se-urea emanzini, lesi silinganiso akumele sephulwe.

Izinhlelo ze-SCR zifakwe emalolini kusukela ngo-2006, nasezimotweni zabagibeli kusukela ngo-2012. Akekho ophika isidingo sokuzisebenzisa, ngoba ukuqedwa kwezinto eziyingozi kumagesi okukhipha umoya kuyisenzo esihle kithi sonke. Kepha ngokuhamba kweminyaka yokusetshenziswa, i-SCR yenze igama layo elibi kakhulu, ibhebhezela ama-workshops amakhasimende kanye nabasebenzisi abacasulayo. Inzima njengesihlungi sezinhlayiyana, futhi ingadalula abanikazi bezimoto ekuphazamisekeni kwemizwa kanye nezindleko ezinkulu. Akumangalisi ukuthi imakethe iphendule ngendlela efanayo nezihlungi zezinhlayiya. Kukhona ama-workshops asusa ukufakwa komjovo we-AdBlue futhi afake i-emulator ekhethekile eyazisa isistimu yokuxilonga yemoto ukuthi isihlungi sisasebenza futhi sisebenza kahle. Futhi kulokhu, uhlangothi lokuziphatha lwesenzo esinjalo luyangabaza kakhulu, kodwa lokhu akumangazi kubashayeli abaye bangena ngaphansi kwesikhumba se-SCR futhi bangena esikhwameni sabo. Uhlangothi lwezomthetho lushiya ngokungangabazeki - ukususwa kwesihlungi se-SCR akukho emthethweni, njengoba kwephula imibandela yokugunyazwa kwemoto. Kodwa-ke, akekho ozozama ukuthola umkhuba onjalo, njengasendabeni yokukhipha izihlungi ze-particle.