Injini ye-diesel - isebenza kanjani injini ye-diesel futhi kufanele ikhethelwe imoto?

Isinqumo sokukhetha imoto sizokwenza umehluko omkhulu ekunethezekeni kokushayela kwansuku zonke. Ngakho-ke, kufanelekile ukucabanga ngalesi sihloko. Injini kadizili idume kakhulu emakethe yezimoto. i-empyema. Uhlobo lokushayela luzothinta ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lukaphethiloli ozolisebenzisa nokuthi uzosebenzisa malini ekufakeni uphethiloli ngakunye. 

Ezimotweni zikadizili ungalindela izindleko eziphansi uma ziqhathaniswa nezimoto zikaphethiloli. Enye into okufanele uyicabangele ngaphambi kokuthenga ukuthi yikuphi ukulungiswa ongase ukudinge esikhathini esizayo. Njengeklayenti, unezinketho eziningi. Ungakhetha ezimotweni ezinenjini kagesi efakiwe noma okuthiwa yizimoto ezixubile. Ngakho, ziyinhlanganisela yenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi kanye nemoto kagesi. 

I-Compression ignition - izimoto zikadizili

Injini kadizili isathandwa kakhulu emhlabeni wonke. Sikhuluma ngezimoto ezinenjini kadizili. Njengabo bonke obunye ubuchwepheshe obusetshenziswa embonini yezimoto, uzokwazi ukubona ubuhle nobubi bukadizili. Ngezinye izikhathi kufanele ufunde yonke inqwaba yezihloko eziwusizo ezizochaza isimiso sokusebenza kwenjini ye-diesel. Ungahlala uthinta umakhenikha onesipiliyoni noma uxhumane nomthengisi osemthethweni wohlobo lwemoto oluthandayo. 

Izinjini zikadizili yonke indawo

Uma uthi nhlá, kungase kubonakale sengathi izinjini diesel efakwe kuphela ezimotweni. Eqinisweni, lezi zinhlobo zokushayela zisetshenziswa ezinhlelweni eziningi ezahlukahlukene. Singawathola kuma-compressor emoyeni noma ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zamaphampu. Kuyaqapheleka futhi ukuthi umgomo oyinhloko womdali walolu hlobo lwenjini, i.e. U-Rudolf Alexander Diesel, wayezoklama iyunithi eyayizoba nokuvutha kokucindezela. Injini ye-diesel yagcina inelungelo lobunikazi ngo-1892. 

Njengomthetho, le njini kwakufanele isebenze kahle kakhulu kunophethiloli futhi iqhudelane nayo. Ekuqaleni, idivayisi ayizange ifinyelele okwakulindelwe. Ekugcineni, kwakungenzeka ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kwayo okudingekayo, futhi phakathi neminyaka injini ye-diesel iye yanda kakhulu phakathi kwabasebenzisi. 

Ukushayela okunjalo kusetshenziswe ngempumelelo emikhunjini nasezinqoleni zesitimela. Lapho umenzi wenjini efa, umsebenzi waqhubeka. Ngenxa yalokhu, ngo-1936 kwethulwa imoto yokuqala enenjini ye-diesel. KwakuyiMercedes-Benz 260 D. Eminyakeni embalwa eyalandela, izinkulungwane ezimbili zalezi zimoto zakhiqizwa. 

Injini ye-diesel - inkathi yegolide

Ama-604s kwakuyinkathi yegolide yezinjini zikadizili. Babethandwa kakhulu. Bekunombono osabalele wokuthi izimoto ezinamayunithi anjalo ziqinile kakhulu kunezikaphethiloli. Ekugcineni, sekuyisikhathi semoto yokuqala ye-turbodiesel. KwakuyiPeugeot yango-1978 eyethulwa ngo-1985. Ngo-XNUMX, kwethulwa i-Fiat Croma, eyayinomjovo we-turbodiesel kanye nomjovo oqondile. 

Yiqiniso, izinjini zokuthungela ngokucindezela zihlale zithuthukiswa. Ngokuhamba kweminyaka, eziningi zezinkinga ezazikhona ekuqaleni ziye zalungiswa. Zisathandwa kakhulu, njengoba kufakazelwa izibalo. Kwanele ukusho ukuthi ekupheleni kuka-2018, i-40% yezimoto emigwaqweni yasePoland yayifakwe injini ye-diesel.

Isebenza kanjani injini evuthayo yangaphakathi kadizili?

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi hlobo luni lwemoto oyihlaziyayo, uma kukhona injini yokushisa yokucindezela, iyohlale iqukethe izici zesici. Okokuqala, kufanele ufake esikhundleni i-crankshaft kanye ne-camshaft ne-flywheel. Igiya le-Downshift-reverse liyadingeka ekusebenzeni kwenjini kadizili. 

Ukwengeza, enjinini ye-diesel, sine-pushrod, ibhulokhi, induku yokuxhuma, nekamelo langaphambi komlilo. Okulandelayo, ikhanda, isihlungi somoya, umlomo wombhobho kanye nerocker. Udinga futhi i-valve yesikhathi, iphampu yomjovo, induku yokuphusha kanye nepusher uqobo. Lezi yizici eziyohlale zikhona uma kukhulunywa ngodizili. injini. 

Njengomshayeli we-novice, awudingi ukuqonda ngokugcwele umklamo wemoto. Kodwa-ke, kufanelekile ukwazi izingxenye eziyisisekelo zenjini yokushisa yokucindezela. Uma uqonda ukuthi idrayivu isebenza kanjani, ungahlala wazi ngokungasebenzi kahle nokuphuka. Lokhu kuzokwenza kube lula ukuxhumana nomakhenikha. Izinkinga eziningi zingazihlola futhi ngokushesha ziqaphele izimpawu eziyisixwayiso zenjini eyonakele. Lokhu kuzokuvumela ukuthi usabele ngokushesha okukhulu futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ugweme ukulungiswa okubizayo okubangelwa ukungasebenzi.

Isebenza kanjani injini ye-diesel?

Yiqiniso, njengomuntu ongase abe umsebenzisi wemoto enenjini ye-diesel efakiwe, kufanele wazi okungenani izisekelo zokuthi idrayivu enjalo isebenza kanjani. Eqinisweni, kungaba yimfihlakalo kumuntu oyimfundamakhwela ukuthi injini enjalo iyenza kanjani imoto ukuthi inyakaze. Nokho, injini kadizili, njengenjini kaphethiloli, izodinga ingxube kaphethiloli nomoya. 

Qaphela ukuthi izinjini zikadizili azidingi inhlansi ukuze kuthungeleke. Ngakho-ke, zibizwa ngokuthi izinjini zokuthungela ezicindezelayo. Ibukeka kanjani le nqubo ekusebenzeni? Udinga ukwazi ukuthi umoya ofakwe ku-cylinder uzocindezelwa. Umoya uzofudunyezwa emazingeni okushisa asukela ku-700 kuya ku-900 degrees Celsius. Esinyathelweni esilandelayo, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lizobangela ukuthungela ngemva kokujova udizili. 

inkinga ye-diesel ebandayo

Kungenzeka ube nombono wokuthi ukuqala injini kadizili ebusika kungaba nzima. Lokhu kusho ukuthi injini iyabanda. Amazinga okushisa aphansi yizimo lapho ukusebenza kwedrayivu enjalo kungavinjelwa kakhulu. Kungenzeka futhi ukuthi kulesi simo imoto ivele ingaqali. 

Amapulagi akhanyayo kufanele axazulule le nkinga. Ngaphambi kokuqala, kufanele banikezwe amandla. Ngenxa yalokho, lokhu kuvumela injini ukuthi iqalwe. Inkulumompikiswano ngokuthi yimuphi udizili noma uphethroli ongcono isineminyaka iqhubeka futhi cishe ngeke iphele maduze. Kungcono ukuhlaziya okuhle nokubi bese ukhetha injini yezidingo zansuku zonke.

Injini kadizili esebenzisa uphethiloli wedizili iyiyunithi yokushayela evame ukusetshenziswa embonini yezimoto. Sekuyiminyaka ecishe ibe yikhulu isetshenziswa. Ngokusho kwedatha, cishe uhhafu wezimoto emigwaqweni yasePoland zisebenzisa injini yedizili. Ngenxa yomsebenzi oqhubekayo wokuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe, kwakungenzeka ukuqeda izinkinga eziningi izinjini zokuqala okwakudingeka zibhekane nazo. Njengamanje, udizili uneqembu elikhulu labashisekeli abancoma ukwethembeka nokuthembeka kwabo.